Viewing data for Carcharhinus leucas


Scientific name Carcharhinus leucas
Common name Bull shark
Maximum lifespan 32.00 years (Carcharhinus leucas@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16704 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 6253 10451 4063 2190 5195 5256
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 374 626 243 131 311 315
Base content (%) 37.4% 62.6%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11407 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 4281 7126 2964 1317 3658 3468
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 375 625 260 115 321 304
Base content (%) 37.5% 62.5%
D-loop (size: 1066 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 348 718 206 142 374 344
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 326 674 193 133 351 323
Base content (%) 32.6% 67.4%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 602 949 336 266 442 507
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 388 612 217 172 285 327
Base content (%) 38.8% 61.2%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2624 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1001 1623 545 456 700 923
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 381 619 208 174 267 352
Base content (%) 38.1% 61.9%
12S rRNA gene (size: 955 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 389 566 214 175 241 325
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 407 593 224 183 252 340
Base content (%) 40.7% 59.3%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1669 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 612 1057 331 281 459 598
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 367 633 198 168 275 358
Base content (%) 36.7% 63.3%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 246 438 178 68 223 215
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 360 640 260 99 326 314
Base content (%) 36.0% 64.0%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 49 119 39 10 54 65
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 292 708 232 60 321 387
Base content (%) 29.2% 70.8%
COX1 (size: 1557 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 571 986 334 237 556 430
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 367 633 215 152 357 276
Base content (%) 36.7% 63.3%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 250 441 153 97 216 225
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 362 638 221 140 313 326
Base content (%) 36.2% 63.8%
COX3 (size: 786 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 322 464 198 124 245 219
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 410 590 252 158 312 279
Base content (%) 41.0% 59.0%
CYTB (size: 1145 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 447 698 311 136 377 321
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 390 610 272 119 329 280
Base content (%) 39.0% 61.0%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 362 613 258 104 318 295
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 371 629 265 107 326 303
Base content (%) 37.1% 62.9%
ND2 (size: 1045 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 401 644 307 94 314 330
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 384 616 294 90 300 316
Base content (%) 38.4% 61.6%
ND3 (size: 349 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 138 211 90 48 118 93
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 395 605 258 138 338 266
Base content (%) 39.5% 60.5%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 509 872 368 141 450 422
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 369 631 266 102 326 306
Base content (%) 36.9% 63.1%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 120 177 83 37 105 72
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 404 596 279 125 354 242
Base content (%) 40.4% 59.6%
ND5 (size: 1830 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 669 1161 489 180 587 574
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 366 634 267 98 321 314
Base content (%) 36.6% 63.4%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 201 321 158 43 103 218
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 385 615 303 82 197 418
Base content (%) 38.5% 61.5%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (10.13%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 53 (23.35%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 25 (11.01%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
19 6 10 9 8 16 0 20 9 0 1 2 5 1 5 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 7 4 8 0 2 2 5 0 2 3 11 0 11
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 8 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 3 1 0 0 3 7 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 4 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
42 66 74 46
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
23 61 33 111
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 51 108 66
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPNPWFLILLFSWIIFLTILPNKIMNHLFNNDPTLKSIEKPKPNSWNWPWL*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 0 (0%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 0 (0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 8 (14.55%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (14.55%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 3 0 1 0 4 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
2 15 23 16
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 12 17 21
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
2 12 25 17
COX1 (size: 1557 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 45 (8.69%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 44 (8.49%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (6.18%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 33 (6.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 39 (7.53%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 65 (12.55%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 44 (8.49%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 24 (4.63%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 31 (5.98%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 39 (7.53%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.47%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.28%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.93%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.9%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (1.93%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.67%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.54%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
30 14 21 25 7 12 1 20 9 1 14 6 18 1 26 13
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 0 16 8 20 0 24 2 17 2 12 2 17 0 11
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 15 0 9 5 14 0 3 1 17 1 0 0 10 5 11
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 10 0 10 5 8 0 2 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 17
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
153 114 128 124
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
76 136 96 211
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
8 84 206 221
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (7.42%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 25 (10.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (9.61%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 8 11 5 3 5 0 12 9 0 4 6 7 0 4 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 2 0 7 4 5 0 4 2 3 0 6 1 6 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 6 0 2 2 9 0 2 1 7 3 0 0 4 0 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 16 0 6 6 4 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
70 51 59 50
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 55 65 85
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
2 47 101 80
COX3 (size: 786 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 21 (8.05%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 22 (8.43%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (4.98%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (8.43%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (6.9%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 33 (12.64%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 13 (4.98%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.07%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (4.98%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 22 (8.43%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (4.98%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.83%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (1.15%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.07%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.13%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 6 7 11 6 5 0 11 8 0 7 3 6 2 7 15
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 2 0 7 6 9 0 5 5 11 0 4 1 7 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 12 0 0 3 6 1 1 2 9 4 0 0 1 2 11
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 10 0 4 1 2 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 64 51 71
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 67 58 94
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
5 67 110 80
CYTB (size: 1145 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 23 (6.05%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 27 (7.11%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 25 (6.58%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 19 (5.0%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (4.74%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (16.05%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 40 (10.53%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.16%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 20 (5.26%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 34 (8.95%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.68%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.42%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 20 (5.26%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
21 19 11 9 17 23 0 12 8 0 5 5 8 0 12 22
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 3 0 7 13 7 0 6 6 10 1 7 2 11 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 9 0 4 9 8 1 1 2 9 5 0 0 11 9 7
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 6 0 3 6 9 0 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
83 97 103 98
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
50 88 78 165
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 126 139 113
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 25 (7.72%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.79%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (6.79%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 66 (20.37%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 33 (10.19%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 16 (4.94%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (4.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.93%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (0.93%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 16 15 13 11 21 0 21 7 0 2 1 4 0 11 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 7 9 9 0 3 5 9 1 7 7 10 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 9 0 6 1 11 0 2 2 8 6 1 0 6 6 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 10 0 3 0 7 0 4 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
63 87 94 81
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 89 57 141
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 82 144 96
ND2 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 24 (6.92%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (9.22%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 40 (11.53%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 79 (22.77%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 37 (10.66%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 20 (5.76%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
15 22 11 15 16 23 0 25 9 0 0 1 3 0 7 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 1 0 8 9 7 0 3 2 10 2 6 6 8 0 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 15 0 3 7 16 0 4 2 2 5 0 0 6 9 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 6 0 1 0 10 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
52 94 120 82
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 110 54 145
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 103 156 86
ND3 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 24 (6.92%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (9.22%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 40 (11.53%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 79 (22.77%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 37 (10.66%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 20 (5.76%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
15 22 11 15 16 23 0 25 9 0 0 1 3 0 7 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 1 0 8 9 7 0 3 2 10 2 6 6 8 0 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 15 0 3 7 16 0 4 2 2 5 0 0 6 9 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 6 0 1 0 10 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
52 94 120 82
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 110 54 145
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 103 156 86
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 20 (4.36%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 31 (6.75%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 37 (8.06%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (8.5%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 85 (18.52%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 52 (11.33%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (5.01%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 23 (5.01%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 23 (5.01%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (2.83%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 20 (4.36%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.09%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 18 (3.92%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
29 23 22 25 18 22 0 20 12 0 1 4 4 0 13 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 3 1 14 9 8 0 5 5 9 1 4 4 15 0 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 18 1 14 7 8 0 2 6 7 6 0 0 6 12 9
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 10 0 3 2 11 0 1 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 20
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 125 151 109
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
63 122 83 192
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 121 188 148
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 11 (11.22%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 15 (15.31%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 19 (19.39%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 4 5 3 6 4 0 6 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 3 0 4 4 3 0 3 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 2 0 6 3 3 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
21 21 27 30
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
14 31 14 40
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
2 31 31 35
ND5 (size: 1830 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 28 (4.6%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (6.4%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 53 (8.7%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 47 (7.72%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (0.82%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (2.79%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 103 (16.91%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 66 (10.84%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (3.78%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (4.6%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 45 (7.39%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (1.81%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.3%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (2.13%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (1.81%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 36 (5.91%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 17 (2.79%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (2.96%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 26 (4.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.48%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
34 32 22 17 28 28 0 29 17 0 7 2 8 0 24 21
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 3 2 11 16 12 0 16 2 9 1 7 10 11 0 11
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
17 19 0 10 11 20 0 8 4 8 3 0 1 13 23 9
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 11 0 6 7 25 1 2 2 5 0 0 0 1 0 14
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
108 145 210 147
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
68 155 133 254
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 189 231 186
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 29 (16.76%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 13 (7.51%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (12.14%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (17.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (7.51%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 0 4 1 0 0 0 17 0 0 9 0 8 4 10 0
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
9 1 0 7 1 4 1 13 0 11 5 3 0 1 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 0 5 0 1 1 1 0 8 2 5 13 0 1 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 2 4 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
71 10 27 66
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 29 23 79
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
44 4 53 73
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11430 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 230 (6.04%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 280 (7.35%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 271 (7.12%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 277 (7.28%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 23 (0.6%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 163 (4.28%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 659 (17.31%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 358 (9.4%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 166 (4.36%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 210 (5.52%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 245 (6.44%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 117 (3.07%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 123 (3.23%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 73 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 96 (2.52%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 150 (3.94%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 94 (2.47%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 106 (2.78%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 86 (2.26%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 73 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
199 159 139 138 126 173 2 206 93 1 52 31 72 8 129 116
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
27 20 3 96 86 96 2 85 32 100 13 66 37 105 2 82
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
76 116 3 63 52 99 4 29 24 81 36 6 14 68 82 59
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
47 94 2 43 30 84 2 22 7 42 2 0 1 7 0 117
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
842 922 1091 953
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
503 985 729 1591
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
89 944 1543 1232

>NC_023522.1 Carcharhinus leucas mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTAGTGTAGCTTAATTTAAAGCATGGCACTGAAGATGCTAAGATGAAAATTAATTTTTTTCCGCAAGCA
TGTAAGGTTTGGTCCTAGCCTTAGTGTTAATTGTAACTAGAATTATACATGCAAGTTTCAGCTTTCCCGT
GAGAATGTCCTAATTATTCTATTAAATAACTAGGAACAGATATCAGGCACACGTACACGTAGCCCAAGAC
ATCTTGCTAAGCCACACCCCCAAGGGATCTCAGCAGTAATAAACATTGATCTTATAAGCGTAAGCTGACT
CAGTTAAAGTTAACAGAGTTGGTTAATCTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAGTAACTCATATTAACA
TATCCCGGCGTAAAGAGTGATTAAAGAATGACCTTTAACTACTAAAGTTTAGACCTCATAAAACTGTTAT
ACGTACCCATGAGCGGAATAAACAACAACGAAAGTGACTTTATAAATTAAGGAACCTTGATGTCACGACA
GTTGGGACCCAAACTAGGATTAGATACCCTACTATACCCAACCATAAACTTAGACAACATCCCACTATAT
TGTTCGCCAGAGTACTACAAGCGCTAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTATCCCATACCCACCTAGA
GGAGCCTGTTCTATAACCGATAATCCTCGTTCAACCTCACCACTTCTTGCCATTACCGTCTATATACCGC
CGTCGTCAGCCCACCCTGTGAAGGATCAAAAGTAAGCAAAAAGAATTAAACTTCAAAACGTCAGGTCGAG
GTGTAGCAAATGAAGTGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTTTTTTCCAAAAATATACGAATGGTAAACTGAAAA
CACACCTAAAGGTGGATTTAGCAGTAAGAGGAGATCAGAATACTCCTCTGAAATTGGCTCTGGGATAAGC
ACACACCGCCCGTCACTCTCCTCAAAAACAACTCATTATTTTCCATAAATATATTTCTTCAACAAGAGGA
GGCAAGTCGTAACATGGTAAGTGTACTGGAAAGTGCACTTGGAATCAAAATGTGGTTAAATTAGCAAAAC
ACCTCCCTTACACCGAGGAGATATCTGTGCAATTCAGATCATTTTGAACCTTAAAGCTAGCCTATATATT
AATTCAACTAGACCTTATAAATCCAATCTATATTACAGTTTTTAATCAAAACATTCTCAACCTTTTAGTA
TGGGTGACAGAACAATAACCCCAGCGCGATAGCTTATGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTGAAAAAGAAATGAAA
TAAATCATTAAAGTACTAAAAAGCAGAGATGATACCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTTAGCTAGAAAAA
CTAGGCAAAAAGACCTTAAGTCTATCTCCCCGAAACTAAACGAGCTACTCCGAAGCAGCATTATAGGGCT
AACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGACTTCCGAGTAGCGGTGAAAAGCCTACCGAGTTTAGTGAT
AGCTGGTTACCCAAGAAAAGAACTTTAGTTCTGCATTAATTTTTCACTATCTAGACAAGACTTACTCGTC
AAAGAATTCCATAAGAATTAATAGTTATTTAGAAGAGGTACAACCCTTCTAAATCAAGACACAACTTTTT
AAGGTGGGAAATGATCATAATTATTAAGGTTACCATCCTAGTGGGCCTAAAAGCAGCCACCTGTTAAGTA
AGCGTCGCAGCTCTAATCTAATAATTAAACCTTTAATTCAGATATTCATTCACAACCCCCTTCATTCTAT
TGGGTTATTTTATATTTATATAAAAGAACTTATGCTAAAATGAGTAATAAAGAGAATAAATCTCTCCCGA
CACAAGTGTATGTCAGAAAGAATTAAATCACTGATAATTAAACGACCCCAAACTGAGGTCATTATATCAC
AATCAATCAACTAGAAAACCCTATTTTCCTACTCGTTACCCCTACACAGGAGTGTCATCAGGAAAGATTA
AAAGAAAATAAAGGAACTCGGCAAACATAAACTCCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGCCTCTTGATAAACT
ATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGATAATGTTCAACGGCCGCGGTATTTTGACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCGTA
ATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGAAGACCTGTATGAAAGGCATCACGAGAGTTTAACTGTCTCTATTTTCTAAT
CAATGAAATTGATCTATTCGTGCAGAAGCGAATATAATAACATTAGACGAGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTTA
AACACTTAAATTAATTATGTAACCATCCACTTCTCAGGATATAAACAAAATATACAATACTTCTAATTTA
ACTGTTTTTGGTTGGGGTGACCAAGGGGAAAAACAAATCCCCCTTATCGATTGAGTACTAAGTACTTAAA
AATTAGAATGACAATTCTAATTAATAAAATATTTATCGAAAAATGACCCAGGATTTCCTGATCAATGAAC
CAAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTTTCTCAGAGTCCCTATCGAAGAAAGGGTTTACGACCTCG
ATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAACCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAATAGTCCT
ACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGAAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGAATACACTTTTCCTAGTACGA
AAGGACCGGAAAAGTAGGGCCAATGCCACTAGTACGCCCTATTTTCATCTATTGAATAAAACTAAAATAG
ATAAGAAAAGATCACCTAGTGCCCAAAAAAAGGGTTGTTGAGGTGGCAGAGCCTGGCAAATGCAAAAGAC
CTAAGTCCTTTAATCCAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTCCTCAACTATGCTCCAACCCATTTTACTCTATCTAAT
TAATCCCCTTGCCTACATTATCCCAATCCTTTTAGCCACAGCCTTCCTCACATTAATTGAACGAAAAATT
CTCGGCTATATACAATTTCGTAAAGGTCCAAACATTGTTGGACCCTATGGCCTACTCCAACCTATTGCAG
ATGGCTTAAAACTTTTTATTAAAGAACCTATCCGTCCATCAATATCTTCTCCATTTTTATTTTTAATCAC
CCCTACAATAGCTCTAACACTAGCCTTACTTATATGGATACCTCTCCCCCTTCCTTACTCAATTATCAAT
CTTAACCTAGGTTTATTATTCATTTTAGCAATCTCAAGTCTTACTGTCTATACTATTTTAGGATCTGGAT
GAGCATCTAACTCAAAATATGCTCTAATAGGAGCATTACGTGCTGTAGCACAAACCATCTCATACGAAGT
AAGCTTAGGTCTCATCCTTCTATCAATAATCGTATTTGCCGGAGGATTTACCCTCCATACATTTAACCTA
GCCCAAGAAACTATCTGACTTCTAATCCCAGGCTGACCATTAGCTCTAATATGATACATTTCAACCCTAG
CAGAAACTAACCGAGCCCCATTTGATTTAACAGAAGGAGAATCTGAACTAGTATCAGGGTTTAATATTGA
ATATGCAGGAGGCCCATTTGCCCTATTCTTCTTAGCCGAATACACCAACATCCTATTAATAAATACCCTA
TCAGTTATCTTATTCATAGGAACTTCCTATAATCCCCTTCTCCCACAAATCTCAACACTCAGCCTTATAA
TAAAAGCTATATTACTAACATTTATTTTCTTATGAATTCGAGCATCTTACCCCCGCTTCCGTTATGATCA
ACTTATACACCTAATCTGAAAAAATTTCCTACCTCTCACCCTAGCAATTATTCTATGACATATAGCTCTA
CCTCTTGCTACATCAAGTTTACCCCCAATCACCTAAGGAAGTGTGCCTGAATTAAAGGACTACTTTGATA
GAGTAGATAATGAGAGTTAAAACCTCTCCACCTCCTTCTAGAAAAATAGGATTCGAACCTATATCTAAGA
GATCAAAACCCTTTGTGTTTCCTATTACACTATTCCCTAGTAAAGTCAGCTAATAAAGCTTTTGGGCCCA
TACCCCAACCATGTTGGTTAAAATCCTTCCTTTACTAATGAACCCTACTGTATTAACCATCCTAATTTCA
AGTTTAGGTCTAGGAACTACCCTTACATTTATTGGATCACATTGACTCCTAGTATGAATAGGTCTTGAAA
TTAATACTTTAGCTATCATTCCTCTAATAATCCGCCAACACCACCCACGAGCAGTAGAAGCTACTACAAA
ATACTTTATCACTCAAGCAACCGCCTCCGCCCTACTATTATTCGCTAGCATTACAAATGCTTGAACTTCA
GGCGAATGAAGTTTAACTGAAATAATTAACCCAACTTCTGCCACACTAGCATTAACCGCACTCGCCCTAA
AAATTGGCCTCGCACCATTACACTTCTGACTACCTGAAGTCCTCCAAGGTTTAGATCTCACCACAGGACT
CATCCTATCAACTTGACAAAAATTAGCTCCATTTGCCATTCTACTTCAACTATACCCCCTACTTAACCCT
AACCTATTATTATCCCTTGGAATTCTCTCAACAATCATTGGAGGATGAGGAGGACTTAATCAAACACAAT
TACGAAAAATCCTAGCCTACTCATCAATCGCAAACCTCGGATGAATAATTACAATTCTACATTATGCCCC
TAACCTAACCTTACTTAATCTTATCCTATACATCATCATAACTCTTACAACCTTTCTTTTATTTAAAATC
TTCAATTCAACCAAAATTAATTCAATCGCTTCATCATCAACCAAATCTCCCCTCCTATCTATTATCACCT
TATTAACCCTCCTCTCCTTAGGAGGGTTACCCCCACTTTCCGGGTTTATACCCAAATGATTAATCCTCCA
AGAATTAACAAAACAAAGCCTATTCATTCCAGCTACTATCATAGCCCTCATAGCCCTTCTCAGTCTATTC
TTCTACTTACGTTTATGTTATGCTACAACACTAACTATAAGTCCTAACCCAATCAACATATCATCATCCT
GACGAACAAAATCCAACCACCCAACCCTTATCCTATTAACCTCAGCAATCTTATCCATCCTCCTTCTCCC
CTTAACACCCACAATCTTTATACTTATCTCATAGAAATTTAGGTTAACAATAGACCAAAAGCCTTCAAAG
CTTTAAGTAGAAGTGAAAATCCTCTAATTTCTGCTAAGATTTGCAAGACTTTATCTCACATCTTCTGAAT
GCAACTCAGATGCTTTAATTAAGCTAAAACCTTCTAGACAGGCAGGCCTCGATCCTACAAAATCTTAGTT
AACAGCTAAGCGTTTAATCCAACGAACTTCTATCTAAGCTTTCTCCCGCCGCTATAAACAAAGGCGGGAG
AAAGCCCCGGGAGGGAACTAACCTCCTTCTTTGGATTTGCAATCCAACGTAAACAGCTACTTCAAGGCTT
TGATAAGAAGAGGATTCTGACCTCTGTAAACGGAGCTACAATCCGCCGCTTATTCTCAGCCATCTTACCT
GTGGCAATTAATCGTTGACTATTCTCTACTAACCACAAAGATATCGGCACCCTTTATCTGATTTTTGGTG
CATGAGCAGGTATAGTTGGTACAGCCCTAAGTCTCCTAATTCGAGCTGAACTTGGACAACCTGGATCACT
TTTAGGAGATGATCAGATCTATAATGTAATCGTAACTGCCCACGCTTTTGTAATAATCTTTTTCATAGTT
ATACCAATTATAATTGGTGGTTTCGGAAATTGATTAGTTCCTTTAATAATTGGTGCACCAGACATAGCCT
TTCCACGAATAAATAACATAAGTTTCTGACTTCTTCCACCATCATTTCTTCTTCTCCTCGCCTCTGCTGG
AGTAGAAGCTGGAGCAGGTACTGGTTGAACAGTCTATCCTCCATTAGCTAGCAATCTAGCACATGCTGGG
CCATCTGTTGACTTAGCTATCTTCTCCCTTCACTTAGCTGGTGTTTCATCAATTTTAGCTTCAATTAATT
TTATTACAACTATTATTAATATAAAACCACCAGCCATTTCCCAATATCAAACACCATTATTTGTTTGATC
CATTCTTGTAACCACTATTCTTCTTCTCCTCTCACTCCCAGTCCTTGCAGCAGGGATTACAATATTACTT
ACAGATCGTAACCTTAATACTACATTCTTTGATCCTGCAGGTGGAGGAGACCCAATCCTTTATCAACACT
TATTTTGATTTTTTGGTCATCCTGAAGTTTATATCTTAATCCTACCTGGTTTCGGAATAATCTCACATGT
AGTAGCTTATTATTCAGGTAAAAAAGAACCATTTGGATATATGGGTATAGTTTGAGCAATGATAGCAATT
GGTCTACTTGGTTTTATTGTATGAGCTCATCATATATTCACAGTAGGAATAGATGTAGATACTCGAGCTT
ATTTCACCTCTGCAACAATAATTATCGCTATTCCTACAGGTGTCAAAGTCTTTAGTTGACTAGCAACCCT
TCATGGAGGATCTATTAAATGAGATACTCCTCTACTCTGAGCCTTAGGATTTATCTTTCTTTTTACAGTA
GGTGGTCTAACAGGAATTGTCTTAGCTAACTCCTCATTAGACATTGTTCTTCATGACACTTACTATGTAG
TAGCTCACTTCCACTATGTTCTTTCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCCATCATGGCAGGTCTTATTCACTGATT
TCCTTTAATTTCTGGTTTTACTCTTCATCAAACCTGAACAAAAATCCAATTTACAGTTATATTTATTGGA
GTAAATTTAACCTTCTTCCCTCAACATTTCCTAGGTCTTGCAGGTATACCACGACGATATTCAGATTATC
CAGATGCATATACTTTATGAAACGCAATTTCATCAATTGGCTCTCTAATTTCTCTTGTTGCTGTAATTAT
ATTACTATTTATCATTTGAGAAGCATTTGCCTCAAAACGAGAAGTATTATCCGTTGAACTTCCACATACA
AATGTAGAATGATTACATGGTTGTCCTCCCCCTTATCACACCTATGAAGAACCAGCATTTGTTCAAGTCC
AACGACCCTCTTTTTAACAAGAAAGGAAGGAATTGAACCCCCATATGCTGGTTTCAAGCCAGCCACATCA
CCACTCTGTCACTTTCTTTATAAGATACTAGTAAAATATATTACACTGCCTTGTCGGGACAGAATTGTAA
GTTAAACTCTTACGTATCTTATTTTACAATGGCACACCCCTCACAATTAGGATTCCAAGATGCAGCCTCC
CCAGTTATGGAAGAACTCATTCATTTTCACGATCACACATTAATAATTGTATTCTTAATTAGCACCTTAG
TTCTCTACATTATCACAGCAATAGTCACAACTAAACTTACAAATAAATATATTCTTGATTCCCAAGAAAT
CGAAATTGTCTGAACTATCTTACCTGCTATTATCCTTATTATAATTGCTCTTCCATCATTACGAATTTTA
TATCTCATAGACGAAATCAATGATCCACATCTAACTATTAAAGCTATAGGCCATCAATGATACTGAAGTT
ATGAATATACAGATTACGAAGACCTAGGATTTGATTCTTATATAATCCAAACTCAAGACTTAACTCCAGG
CCAATTCCGTTTATTAGAAACAGACCACCGTATAGTAGTACCTATAGAATCACCTATTCGAGTCCTAGTA
TCAGCAGAAGACGTCTTACATTCATGAGCTGTTCCAGCTCTAGGTGTAAAAATAGACGCTGTCCCAGGAC
GACTTAATCAAACTGCCTTTATTGTCTCACGTCCTGGTATCTATTATGGTCAATGTTCAGAAATTTGTGG
TGCTAATCACAGTTTTATACCTATCGTAGTAGAAGCAGTTCCTTTAGAACACTTCGAAGCCTGATCTTCA
TCAATACTAGAAGAAGCCTCATTAAGAAGCTAAACTGGGCCTAGCATTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAACATTGG
TGATTCCCAACCACCCTTAATGATATGCCTCAATTAAATCCTAACCCATGATTTTTAATCCTATTATTCT
CATGAATTATCTTTCTTACTATTCTACCAAATAAAATCATGAACCACCTATTCAACAATGACCCAACTCT
AAAAAGTATTGAAAAACCTAAACCTAACTCCTGAAATTGACCATGATTATAAGCTTCTTTGATCAATTCT
TAAGCCCATCACTTATTGGAATTCCCCTCATTGCCCTAGCAATTTTAATTCCATGATTAACCTTCCCAAC
TCCAACTAATCGATGATTAAACAACCGACTAATTACCCTTCAAGCCTGATTCATTAATCGCTTTGCTTAT
CAACTCATACAACCAATTAATCTTGGAGGACATAAATGAGCTATATTACTAACAGCTCTAATATTATTCC
TAATTACTATTAACCTCCTAGGTCTTCTCCCATATACATTTACTCCTACAACACAACTTTCCCTAAACAT
AGCATTTGCTCTCCCACTATGACTTACAACTGTATTAATTGGCATATTAAACCAACCCACAATTGCACTA
GGCCACCTCCTTCCAGAAGGAACGCCCACTCCTTTAATCCCAATCCTTATTATTATCGAAACTATCAGCT
TATTTATTCGACCATTAGCTTTAGGAGTCCGACTAACTGCTAACTTAACAGCAGGTCACCTTCTAATACA
ATTAATTGCTACCGCAGCATTCGTTCTCTTAACTATTATACCAACTGTGGCCCTATTAACTTCTATAATT
CTATTCTTATTAACAATCCTAGAAGTAGCCGTAGCAATAATCCAAGCATATGTATTCGTCCTCCTACTAA
GTTTATACTTACAAGAAAACGTATAATGGCTCACCAAGCACATGCATATCACATAGTTGATCCAAGCCCA
TGACCTCTAACAGGAGCTACCGCTGCCCTTCTTATAACATCGGGTCTAGCCATTTGATTCCATTTTCACT
CACTTCTCCTCCTTTATTTAGGATTAACCCTTCTTTTCCTAACAATAATTCAATGATGACGTGATGTTAT
TCGAGAAGGAACATTCCAAGGCCATCACACCCCTCCTGTACAAAAAGGTCTCCGTTATGGAATAATCTTA
TTCATCACATCAGAAGTTTTTTTCTTCTTAGGCTTTTTCTGAGCCTTCTACCATTCCAGTCTCGCACCAA
CCCCCGAATTAGGCGGATGTTGACCACCAACAGGAATCAACCCTTTAGACCCATTCGAAGTCCCACTTTT
AAATACCGCAGTACTCCTAGCTTCAGGAGTGACCGTAACCTGAGCTCATCATAGCTTAATAGAAGGTAAC
CGAAAAGAAGCAATTCAAGCCCTTACTTTAACCATTATTCTAGGAGTTTATTTCACATCCCTTCAAGCTA
TAGAATATTACGAAGCACCGTTCACTATCGCCGATGGAGTCTACGGAACAACATTTTATGTTGCCACAGG
ATTCCATGGTCTCCATGTTATCATTGGTTCAACATTTTTAGCAGTTTGTCTTATACGACAAGTCCAATAT
CACTTTACATCAGAACATCATTTCGGCTTCGAAGCTGCAGCATGATACTGACATTTCGTAGATGTAGTGT
GATTATTTCTTTATGTATCCATCTATTGATGAGGCTCATAATTGCTTTTCTAGTATAAATTAGTACAAGT
GATTTCCAATTACTTAATCTTGGTTAAAACCCAAGGAAAAGTAATGAACCTCATCATGTCGTCTGTCGCG
ACCACGGCCCTGATTTCCCTAATCCTTGCTTTAATTGCATTTTGATTACCGTCACTAAATCCAGATAATG
AAAAATTATCCCCCTATGAATGTGGTTTTGACCCACTAGGAAGTGCCCGTCTCCCTTTTTCTCTACGTTT
TTTCCTAGTAGCAATCCTATTCCTCCTATTTGATTTAGAAATCGCCCTCTTATTACCACTACCTTGAGGA
AACCAACTATTAACACCACTCTCTACACTTTTTTGAGCAACAATCATTCTAATTTTACTTACCTTAGGAC
TCATCTATGAATGATTCCAAGGAGGACTTGAATGAGCAGAATAGATGTTTAGTCCAAATTAAGACCACTA
ATTTCGGCTTAGTAAATTATGGTGAAAGTCCATAAACATCTTATGTCTCCTATATATTTCAGTTTCACCT
CAGCATTCATTTTAGGTTTAATAGGTCTCGCATTTAACCGTTCACACCTTTTATCCGCCCTCTTATGTCT
TGAAGGTATAATACTTACCCTATTCATCGCCACCGCCATCTGATCTATAACATTAAATTCTACCTCCAGC
TCTGTTATCCCTATGATCCTCCTAACATTTTCTGCTTGTGAAGCCAGTGCAGGATTAGCTATTCTAGTTG
CTGCTTCCCGTTCACATGGCTCTGACAAACTACAAAACCTCAATCTCCTCCAATGTTAAAAATCTTAATT
CCAACAATCATACTATTTCCTATCACCTGATTTTCTCACAAAAAATGACTATGAACTACTACCTCTATTC
ATAGCCTCCTTATTGCTACAATAAGCCTATTCTGATTTAAATGAAACTCTGATATTGGCTGAGATTTTTC
TAACCAATATTTAGCTATTGATCCCCTATCTACTCCACTACTTATTCTTACATGTTGACTTCTACCACTA
ATAATTCTAGCCAGCCAAAATCATATTTCCCCAGAACCCTTAACCCGACAACGAACCTATATTTCTCTTC
TAATCTCTTTACAATTCTTCCTCATCATAGCTTTTTCCGCAACAGAAATAATCTTATTTTATATTATATT
TGAAGCTACACTTATCCCAACACTTATTATTATCACGCGATGAGGTAACCAAACAGAACGCTTAAATGCA
GGAACTTACTTTTTATTTTACACCCTAATTGGATCCCTTCCATTACTTATTGCCCTACTATCCATACAAA
ACAACCTCGGTACTCTCTCAATATTTATTATCCAACATTCCCAATACATTAATCTTCATTCATGAACAGA
CAAATTCTGATGAACTGCTTGTATTATTGCCTTCCTCGTCAAAATACCACTCTATGGAGTTCACCTTTGA
CTACCAAAAGCCCACGTCGAAGCTCCAATTGCTGGTTCAATAATCCTAGCTGCCGTACTATTAAAACTAG
GAGGCTACGGAATAATACGAATTATTATTATACTTAATCCTCTTACTAAAGAAATAGCTTATCCATTCTT
AATCTTAGCTATCTGAGGTATCGTAATAACTAGCTCTATCTGTCTACGACAAACAGACCTAAAATCTCTT
ATTGCTTACTCCTCAGTCAGCCATATAGGTCTTGTCGCAGCAGCTATCCTCATTCAAACCCCATGAAGTT
TTGCAGGAGCAACAACATTAATAATTGCCCATGGCCTAATCTCATCAGCTTTATTCTGCTTAGCCAACAC
TAACTATGAACGTATTCACAGTCGAACTCTCCTCTTAGCCCGAGGGATCCAAATTATCCTCCCACTTATA
GCAACCTGATGATTCCTCACTAACCTTGCCAACCTTGCTCTACCTCCATCTCCAAACCTCATAGGAGAAC
TTTTTATCATTACATCACTATTTAACTGATCTAATTGAACCTTAATCCTCACAGGCTCTGGAGTATTAAT
CACAGCATCTTACTCCCTCTATATATTCCTTATAACTCAACGAGGAACAACACCTAACCACCTTCTCTCA
CTTAATCCCTCTCATACACGAGAACATCTCCTCCTTAGCCTCCATATCATACCCGTATTATTACTAATTC
TTAAACCAGAACTTATCTGAGGCTGAACATTCTGTATTTATAGTTTAACTAAAACATTAGATTGTGGTTC
TAAAAACAAAAGTTAAAATCTTTTTATCTACCGAGAGAGGTCCGGGACACGAAGATCTGCTAATTCTTCT
AATCATGGTTCAAGCCCATGGCTCACTCGGCTCTTGAAAGATAATAGTAATCTATTGGTCTTAGGAACCA
AAAACTCTTGGTGCAACTCCAAGCCAGAGCTATGAATATTATCTTTAACTCATCTTTCCTTTTAATCTTT
ATTATCCTTGCCTTCCCATTAATTTCCTCCCTCTCACCTAAAGAACTTAAGCCAAACTGATCATCCTTAC
ATGTAAAAACTGCCGTAAAAATCTCCTTTTTTATTAGTTTAATTCCTTTATTTATTTTTCTCGACCAAGG
TTTAGAATCAATTACTACCAACTGAAATTGAATAAACATAGGTCCATTTGATATCAACATAAGCTTCAAA
TTCGACCTATATTCAATTATCTTCACACCCGTAGCTCTATATGTTACCTGATCTATTCTCGAATTTGCCC
TCTGATACATACACTCTGATCCTAACATAAATCGCTTTTTTAAATACCTCCTATTATTTCTAATCTCAAT
AATTATCCTAGTTACCGCTAACAATATATTTCAACTATTCATCGGTTGAGAAGGAGTTGGAATTATATCA
TTCTTACTTATTGGTTGATGATATAGCCGAGCAGATGCTAACACAGCAGCACTACAAGCCGTTATCTATA
ACCGAATCGGTGACATTGGATTAATCTTAAGTATAGCCTGATTAGCTACCAATCTCAACTCATGAGAAAT
CCATCAACTCTTTATTTTATCAAAAAACAAAGACCTAACCCTATCTCTCCTCGGTCTCGTATTAGCCGCA
GCTGGAAAATCAGCACAATTTGGCCTACATCCATGATTACCCTCAGCTATAGAAGGTCCTACACCAGTAT
CAGCATTACTCCATTCAAGTACAATAGTTGTAGCAGGTATCTTTCTCTTAATTCGCCTTCACCCTCTCAT
TCAAGATAACAAACTAATCCTAACAACCTGTTTATGTTTAGGAGCACTTACCACCCTCTTTACAGCCGCA
TGTGCCCTAACCCAAAACGATATTAAAAAAATCGTTGCTTTCTCAACATCAAGCCAACTAGGGTTGATAA
TAGTCACTATCGGCCTCAATCAACCCCAACTAGCCTTCCTTCACATCTGCACCCATGCTTTCTTTAAAGC
AATACTCTTCCTCTGCTCTGGATCAATCATTCACAGCCTTAACGACGAACAAGACATCCGAAAAATAGGA
GGTCTTCATAAACTTCTACCATTCACCTCAACTTCTCTAACAATTGGTAGTCTAGCCCTTACAGGTATAC
CATTTTTATCAGGTTTCTTCTCAAAAGACGCTATTATTGAATCTATAAACACTTCCCACTTAAACGCCTG
AGCCCTAATCCTCACCCTCGTAGCAACATCCTTTACAGCCATCTACAGTCTCCGTCTCGTCTTCTTTGCA
TTAATAAACTATCCCCGATTTAATACATTCTCCCCAATCAATGAAAATAACCCATTAGTAGTTAACCCCA
TCAAACGTCTTGCTTATGGAAGTATCATTGCTGGTCTAATTATTACCTTCAATCTTACTCCAACAAAAAC
CCAAATCATAACTATATCCCCCTTACTCAAACTATCCGCCCTCTTAATTACAATTACAGGTCTTCTCTTA
GCCCTCGAACTTACTAATCTCACTAACTCTCATTTCAAAATTAACCCCATACTTCACCCCCATCACTTCT
CTAACATACTAGGTTATTTTCCCTCCATCATTCACCGATTTTTCCCAAAAATTAGTCTAAATTGAGCCCA
ACATATTTCAACACACCTAATCGATCTAACCTGAAATGAAAAAATTGGACCTAAAAGTAACCTCATCCAA
CAAACACCTCTTATTAAATTATCTACCAAACCCCAACAAGGTTTCATTAAAACTTATCTAACACTCTTAT
TTCTAACATTAATCCTAATTACTTTAATCATCTCCACCTAACCACTCGCAAAGCACCTCAAGATAAACCC
CGAGTCAATTCTAACACTACAAATAAAGTTAACAATAATACCCAACCTCCTAAAACTAACATTCAACCCC
CATCAGAATACAACAAAGCAACTCCCCAAAAATCTCCCCGTACTATATCCAAACCACTCATTTCCTCCAT
CCCAGTCCAATGTAAACCTCATCCTCCAACCATAAAATACTTACCAATCATAAATAACCCTACCAAGTAA
AATCCAACATACAACAATACCGACCAATCCCCCCATGCTTTTGGATAAGGCTCCGCAGCAAGGGCTGCAG
TATAAGCAAAAACCACCAACATTCCTCCCAAATAAATTAAAAATAAAACTAATGACATAAAAGATCCACC
ATGTCCTACTAACAAACCACATCCAACCCCTGCAGCAGTAACTAAACCCAAAGCAGCATAGTAAGGAGAA
GGGTTAGATGCCACACCTATTAAACCTAAAATTAAACCAATTATTATTACAAACATAAAATATACCATTA
TTCCTACCTGGACTTTAACCAAGACTAATAACTTGAAAAACTATCGTTGTTCATTCAACTATAAGAACTT
ATGGCCACTAACATCCGAAAAACTCACCCACTTTTAAAAATCATAAACCATGCCCTAGTAGACCTACCTG
CTCCATCTAATATTTCATTATGATGAAACTTTGGCTCGCTTTTAGGACTATGTTTAATTATTCAAATTCT
CACAGGACTCTTCCTAGCTATACATTATACCGCAGACATTTCCATAGCCTTCTCCTCAGTAGTCCATATT
TGTCGTGACGTTAACTATGGCTGACTTATTCGTAATATCCATGCTAATGGAGCCTCACTATTCTTCATCT
GTGTTTATCTCCATATTGCCCGAGGTTTATACTATGGTTCCTACCTCTATAAAGAAACATGAAATATTGG
CGTAATTCTCCTCTTCCTACTAATAGCAACAGCCTTTGTCGGCTATGTCCTACCATGAGGACAAATATCC
TTCTGAGGAGCTACAGTTATTACTAATCTTCTATCTGCATTTCCTTATATTGGGGATATACTAGTACAAT
GAATCTGAGGAGGCTTCTCAGTAGACAATGCCACCCTCACACGTTTCTTTGCCTTCCACTTCCTCCTCCC
ATTCCTAATCCTAGCCTTAACAATCATTCACCTCCTATTCCTTCATGAAACAGGCTCTAACAACCCTCTA
GGTATTAATTCCGATGCAGACAAAATCTCATTCCACCCATACTTCTCTTATAAAGACCTACTTGGTTTCT
TCGTCATAATCTTCTTCTTAGCTGCATTAGCCCTATTTATACCTAATCTACTAGGAGATGCCGAAAACTT
TATCCCAGCAAACCCACTTGTTACTCCACCTCATATCAAACCCGAATGATACTTCTTATTTGCTTATGCA
ATCCTACGCTCAATCCCCAATAAACTAGGAGGAGTCCTAGCCCTCCTATTTTCCATCTTTATCCTCATAT
TAGTTCCTCTCCTCCACACCTCCAAACAACGAAGTACCATCTTCCGACCTATAACACAAATTCTCTTCTG
ACTTCTCGTAGCTAATTCAATTATTTTAACTTGAATTGGTGGTCAACCAGTAGAACAACCATTCATTACA
GTAGGACAAATTGCCTCAATCTCCTACTTTTCCTTATTTCTTATTATCATACCATTTACCAGCTGATGAG
AAAACAAAATCCTCAGCCTAAATTAGTTTTGGTAGCTTAACTAAAAAGCGTCGACCTTGTAAGTCGAAGA
TCGAGGGTGCAAGCCCCTTCCAAAATATATCAGGGAAAGGAGGGTCAAACTCCTGCCCTTGGCTCCCAAA
GCCAAGATTCTGCCTAAACTGCCCCCTGATTGCTATTATAGCGTATAAATGTCAAATTAAAAAATTTGAT
TTTTGTACGACAGAGTGACATATTAATGATATGGTCCACATACCTTAATATACCACATAATACCCTCATT
CCATAATAGCTATAACAGATATTATACTAGTATATTACATATACTATGCTTAATACTCATTAGTCGATAT
TCCACTATATCATTACATACTATGTTTAATCCACATTAATATACTGTCAGCTATTTCATTACATTAAATT
ATTTAACCCTCATTAACCTATAATCAATAATTTCATAGCATAATATTTTTCACTTAACCCTACTTTACAT
GGTATTATTTAATGCCGTTGGTAAGAAACCCCCATTATCCTCTTGAATGAAAAAAATTGTACGGTTTGTG
GTACATTACTGTTTTATCCCCTACTATTGATCAAACCTGACATTTGATTATGGTCGAACTTCATATAATC
CTTGATCGTATCAAGAATGCCAGTCCTCTAGTTCCCTTTAATGGCATATTTATCCTTGATCGTCTCAAGA
TTTATCTTCCGCCCTGGTTTTTTAGTTCGGTATGAAGCAAATCGCTATTCCCCGGAAGGGCTCATCTGGT
TCATTAAAGTAGACTTGAGCTATCCTCGACATTTTTCTAATCATATCTCATTACTTATCATTCAGGAGAT
TAGATTGTCAAACTCAGCATCACTCAAAGGCATCAGAAAGTATCAGGTTATGAAGGGCCAGTTTGGTTTT
TTTGATTAATGCGGCAAATGAGTAGAAAAAACATTGTGATTAACCCTCTCGGAAAGAAACCTCCTATAAT
AATGCGTGTAAAATGCATTTCATTATTCTAATACATTCTTCACTTTATCTGGCATAATTATTATTATTAT
TAGACTCCCCCCGAGTTTGGAAAAGAAAATCGAATCTCAAAAAAAAAAAGGTTTTTTCGGTAAAAACCCC
CCTCCCCCTTAATATACACGGTTGTCTCGAAAAACCCCTAAAACGAGGGCCGACGTATATTTTCTCTATA
GAATTGTTGTGATAATTTCTCTATATATAATGTAACAATGTGAT


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.