Viewing data for Sparus aurata


Scientific name Sparus aurata
Common name Gilthead seabream
Maximum lifespan 11.00 years (Sparus aurata@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16652 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7655 8997 4802 2853 4538 4459
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 460 540 288 171 273 268
Base content (%) 46.0% 54.0%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11421 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5310 6111 3498 1812 3282 2829
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 306 159 287 248
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
D-loop (size: 983 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 360 623 215 145 303 320
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 366 634 219 148 308 326
Base content (%) 36.6% 63.4%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1552 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 710 842 398 312 382 460
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 256 201 246 296
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2645 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1244 1401 671 573 560 841
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 254 217 212 318
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
12S rRNA gene: No data available for this section.
16S rRNA gene: No data available for this section.

ATP6 (size: 683 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 313 370 220 93 209 161
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 458 542 322 136 306 236
Base content (%) 45.8% 54.2%
ATP8 (size: 165 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 77 88 55 22 45 43
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 467 533 333 133 273 261
Base content (%) 46.7% 53.3%
COX1 (size: 1566 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 702 864 415 287 480 384
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 448 552 265 183 307 245
Base content (%) 44.8% 55.2%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 299 392 179 120 203 189
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 433 567 259 174 294 274
Base content (%) 43.3% 56.7%
COX3 (size: 785 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 372 413 237 135 221 192
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 474 526 302 172 282 245
Base content (%) 47.4% 52.6%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 527 614 343 184 344 270
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 301 161 301 237
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 460 515 305 155 305 210
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 472 528 313 159 313 215
Base content (%) 47.2% 52.8%
ND2 (size: 1046 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 518 528 372 146 285 243
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 495 505 356 140 272 232
Base content (%) 49.5% 50.5%
ND3 (size: 349 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 164 185 112 52 114 71
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 321 149 327 203
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 665 716 437 228 390 326
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 482 518 316 165 282 236
Base content (%) 48.2% 51.8%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 144 153 98 46 90 63
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 485 515 330 155 303 212
Base content (%) 48.5% 51.5%
ND5 (size: 1842 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 837 1005 572 265 507 498
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 454 546 311 144 275 270
Base content (%) 45.4% 54.6%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 237 285 154 83 96 189
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 454 546 295 159 184 362
Base content (%) 45.4% 54.6%

ATP6 (size: 683 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.87%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (7.08%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (6.19%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 15 (6.64%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (4.87%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 64 (28.32%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.41%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (3.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 16 (7.08%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 11 (4.87%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.21%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (4.42%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.98%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.65%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
10 9 3 17 15 17 7 6 9 0 3 4 1 3 7 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 5 5 4 2 4 4 2 1 4 6 5 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 7 3 1 5 3 0 0 5 1 2 0 2 3 7 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 4 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
43 91 57 36
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
27 56 32 112
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 73 71 60
ATP8 (size: 165 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWFTILVFSWAIFLTILPLKVGAHTFPNEPTLQSTDTPKTESWTWPW*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 1 (1.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (14.81%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 6 (11.11%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.56%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 1 (1.85%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 8 (14.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.41%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.26%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.85%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.85%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (3.7%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 1 0 3 1 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 3 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 5 1 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
9 17 17 12
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
7 21 11 16
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
6 17 15 17
COX1 (size: 1566 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 48 (9.21%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 47 (9.02%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 30 (5.76%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 35 (6.72%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 40 (7.68%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (11.71%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 43 (8.25%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 25 (4.8%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.37%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.06%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.45%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.26%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (2.69%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (2.3%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.88%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.34%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 20 (3.84%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (1.92%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.54%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
30 13 13 22 10 11 7 7 4 3 18 7 12 3 19 23
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
12 1 0 13 21 12 1 8 14 19 7 9 6 12 1 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 16 0 6 7 10 2 0 5 7 11 2 4 6 9 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
17 10 2 2 12 9 1 3 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
161 113 134 114
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
80 135 96 211
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
46 167 154 155
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 17 (7.42%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 17 (7.42%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (12.66%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.3%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.8%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 6 6 6 6 6 5 4 7 2 6 5 6 1 7 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 2 2 9 6 0 2 2 4 1 3 4 5 2 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 5 1 5 5 3 1 2 1 6 4 0 2 4 0 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 11 3 4 9 4 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
71 61 51 47
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 54 64 87
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 64 74 68
COX3 (size: 785 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (5.38%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (11.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 25 (9.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 15 (5.77%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 7 4 9 9 7 4 1 6 2 3 8 5 0 11 14
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 2 2 8 11 1 3 9 9 1 3 6 2 2 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 11 0 3 3 5 0 2 1 6 5 1 1 1 1 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 7 1 2 5 2 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 70 53 63
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
44 69 53 95
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 98 85 62
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 33 (8.71%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (6.07%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (6.07%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 29 (7.65%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (15.83%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (3.96%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 18 (4.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
18 10 4 13 21 13 5 7 6 1 10 12 7 0 6 21
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 3 1 4 14 14 1 2 6 13 6 7 8 5 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 7 0 11 6 4 0 0 2 4 11 2 1 9 9 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 4 2 5 4 6 3 1 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
104 100 89 87
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 98 76 153
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
27 145 105 103
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 35 (10.8%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (7.1%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 16 (4.94%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 23 (7.1%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (19.44%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 20 (6.17%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (1.85%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
10 14 5 19 19 9 2 9 5 1 12 6 5 0 13 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 9 16 10 0 2 7 7 2 7 10 5 2 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 5 0 5 9 4 1 0 4 4 7 2 5 3 7 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 6 5 1 3 5 2 2 0 4 2 0 0 1 0 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
91 93 68 73
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 94 56 137
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
26 118 86 95
ND2 (size: 1046 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 37 (10.66%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (7.49%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 42 (12.1%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (4.03%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 78 (22.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (5.19%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 20 (5.76%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.61%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 6 8 14 29 16 7 8 9 4 7 5 2 0 8 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 0 5 24 7 1 4 6 4 3 4 11 3 2 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
19 14 2 5 9 7 1 1 3 3 3 3 4 1 8 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 3 1 2 1 6 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 112 94 67
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
36 121 52 139
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
35 139 96 78
ND3 (size: 1046 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (4.9%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 37 (10.66%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (7.49%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 42 (12.1%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (4.03%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 78 (22.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (5.19%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 20 (5.76%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.61%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 6 8 14 29 16 7 8 9 4 7 5 2 0 8 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 0 5 24 7 1 4 6 4 3 4 11 3 2 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
19 14 2 5 9 7 1 1 3 3 3 3 4 1 8 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 3 1 2 1 6 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 112 94 67
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
36 121 52 139
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
35 139 96 78
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 29 (6.32%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 40 (8.71%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 31 (6.75%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (8.5%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (4.36%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 103 (22.44%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (6.1%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (5.01%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 25 (5.45%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 19 (4.14%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.65%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 13 (2.83%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
19 9 14 29 32 20 5 15 7 4 4 8 5 3 8 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
9 0 4 6 25 8 1 2 11 8 8 4 13 7 1 11
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 12 3 5 11 6 2 1 6 6 8 4 2 7 5 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 9 4 1 2 3 6 0 4 6 1 0 0 0 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
105 144 118 93
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
70 128 73 189
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
53 165 135 107
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 12 (12.24%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (14.29%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 24 (24.49%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 1 2 6 6 9 0 2 3 0 2 0 1 0 4 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 2 1 7 4 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 2 0 3 2 3 2 1 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
23 33 18 25
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
16 31 12 40
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 34 33 25
ND5 (size: 1842 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 32 (5.22%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 56 (9.14%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 43 (7.01%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 53 (8.65%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.98%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 33 (5.38%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 98 (15.99%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 49 (7.99%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (4.24%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (4.73%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 43 (7.01%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (1.63%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.28%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (1.79%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (2.28%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 31 (5.06%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 17 (2.77%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 15 (2.45%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 22 (3.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (1.79%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
20 29 17 21 33 28 7 8 14 3 13 11 5 4 21 22
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
9 2 4 7 26 21 2 6 16 9 1 11 8 8 2 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
30 14 1 8 11 6 5 3 10 4 6 2 1 9 22 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 13 1 7 4 18 4 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
146 161 194 113
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
76 168 121 249
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
43 243 183 145
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 23 (13.29%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (11.56%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (7.51%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (11.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (16.76%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 2 3 4 2 3 4 9 0 1 8 1 8 3 7 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 2 1 9 3 2 6 4 2 5 12 0 0 3 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 1 0 8 1 2 0 0 2 5 2 3 7 1 1 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 3 3 2 0 2 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
71 25 25 53
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
37 38 25 74
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
46 20 46 62
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11443 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 248 (6.51%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 345 (9.06%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 260 (6.82%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 281 (7.38%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 26 (0.68%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 235 (6.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 673 (17.66%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 264 (6.93%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 145 (3.81%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 211 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 238 (6.25%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 108 (2.83%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 119 (3.12%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 73 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 102 (2.68%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 117 (3.07%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 96 (2.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 110 (2.89%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 78 (2.05%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 76 (1.99%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
154 110 80 167 196 143 55 80 75 21 90 68 60 17 118 120
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
65 10 16 65 165 100 15 38 83 85 42 56 81 60 14 59
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
113 99 10 63 75 54 14 10 44 48 60 22 32 45 72 40
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
70 76 26 27 46 57 21 16 12 44 4 0 1 4 1 97
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1003 1054 940 814
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
524 1043 689 1555
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
360 1331 1114 1006 

>NC_024236.1 Sparus aurata mitochondrial complete genome
GCTCGCGTAGCTTAATTAAAGCATAACACTGAAGCTGTTAAGATGGTCCCTAAGAAGCCCCGCAAGCACA
AAGGTTTGGTCCTGACTTTTCTACCAGCTCTAGCTAAACTTACACATGCAAGTATCCGCGCCCCCGTGAG
AATGCCCTATAGTTCCCTGCCCGGGAACAAGGAGCTGGTATCAGGCACATAAACCTAGCCCACGACGCCT
TGCTCAGCCACACCCTCAAGGGTACTCAGCAGTGATAAACATTGACCCATAAGTGAAAACTTGACTCAGT
TAAAGCTAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGGGAGGCCCAAGTTGTTAGAAG
TCGGCGTAAAGGGTGGTTAAGAACAAGCTTAAAATTAAAGCCGAACACCTTCCGAGCTGTTATACGCATC
CGAAGGTAAGAAGCTCAATTACGAAAGTAGCTTTATAATTTCTGAACCCACGAAAGCTAGGACACAAACT
GGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCTTAGCCGTAAACATCGACAGTCTATAACATTTTCTGTCCGCCTGGGGA
CTACGAGCATTAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTTTAGACCCACCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTAG
AACCGATAATCCCCGTTCAACCTCACCCCTCCTTGTCCATCCCGCCTATATACCACCGTCGTCAGCTTAC
CCTGTGAAGGATAAAAAGTAAGCAAAACTGGTACTACCCAGCACGTCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCGAATGGAG
GGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTCCCTTATCTACAGGGAACCACGAATGGCATACTGAAAATGTGTGCCTGA
AGGAGGATTTAGCAGTAAAAGGAAAGTAGAGTGTTCCATTGAAGCCGGCTCTTAAGCGCGCACACACCGC
CCGTCACTCTCCCCGAGACCTTAACTTACATTAACTAAAATGCCAGAATCATAGAGGGGAGGCAAGTCGT
AACATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGAAAACCAGAGTATAGCTCAACTAGAACAGCACCTCCCT
TACACTGAGGAGATATCCGTGCAAATCGGATTACCCTGACGCCCATTAGCTAGCCCTCCCCCAAAAATCA
ACACATCCTCATTAATAACCCCTAACGCACCCGCATTAAACCAAACAAATCATTTTTCCCCCCTAGTATG
GGCGACAGAAAAGGAACTATGGAGCAACAGAGAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTGAAAGAGAAATGAAATA
ACCCAGTAAAGCTTAAAAAAGCAGAGATTTATACTTGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTTAGCCAGTAACCCC
AAGCGAAGAGAACTTTAGTTTGGTCCCCCGAAACTAAGTGAGCTACTCCAAGACAGCCTATTATAGGGCG
AACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGAGCTTCGAGTAGAGGTGATAAATCTACCGAACTTAGTGAT
AGCTGGTTGTCTGAGAAATGGATAAGAGTTCAGCCTTTCGGTTTCTCATCTCAATTTTTGTTTTTACTCC
AATTAGAACCCAAAGAAACCAAAAGAGTTAATCTAAGGGGGTACAGCCCCTCAGATAAAGGACACAACCT
TCACAGGAGGGTAAAGATCACATTCAACCCAAGGTAAAGTACCCCGGTGGGCTTAAAAGCAGCCATCCAT
TCAGAAAGCGTTAAAGCTCAGGTACACCCAACCTTCCATCGATCCCGATAGCACAATCTCATCCCCCTTT
CAATATCAGACTATCCACTGCAAACAGTGGAGAAATAATGCTAATATGAGTAATAAGAGAAAACAAAATT
CTCTCCCTGCACAAGTGTACCTCGGAACGGACCAACCACCGAACTTTAACGACCCCAAACAAAGAGGGAA
ATGGATTACAAACAAAATAACTAGAAAAGTATCCAAAACAAGCTCGTTAACCCCACACTGGTGTGCTATC
CGGGAAAGACTAAAAGGAGGGGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACTTAAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATC
GCCTCTTGCAAGACCAATGAATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACTATATGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATT
TTGACCGTGCGAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGAAGACCTGTATGAATGGCATCACGAGGGC
TTAGCTGTCTCCCTCTCCCAGTCAATGAAATTGATCTCCCCGTGCAGAAGCGGGGATAAAGACATAAGAC
GAGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTAAGGCGCCAGAACAGCTCACGTCAAACACCCCCGCATAAAGGGAATAAAC
CAAGTGAACCCTGCTCTAGTGTCTTTGGTTGGGGCGACCGCGGGGAAAAATTAAACCCCCATGTGGAACA
GGAACACTATATTCCTTAATCCAAGAGCTCCCGCTCTAATAAACAGAACTTCTGACCAACAAGATCCGGC
AACGCCGATCAACGGACCGAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCCCTTAAAGAGCCCTTATCGACAA
GGGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTT
CAACGATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGAAGTG
ATCTTTTCTAGTACGAAAGGACCGAAAAGAGAGGGCCCCTGCCTAACGGCATGCCTTACCCCCACCTACT
GAAAACAACTAAAGTTGGCAAGGAGGCACACCCCGCCCGCCTAAGAGAACGGCTAATTAAGGTGGCAGAG
CCCGGAATTGCAAAAGACCTAAGCCCTTTGGACAGAGGTTCAAGTCCTCTCCTTAATAATGCTGTCTGTA
TTGTTTACTCATTTGATTAACCCCTTGGCCTTTATTGTTCCAATCCTCCTAGCTGTTGCCTTCTTAACCC
TCCTTGAACGGAAAGTTTTAGGCTACATGCAACACCGAAAGGGACCAAACATCGTTGGCCCTTACGGCCT
CCTTCAGCCCATCGCCGATGGAGTCAAACTATTTATTAAGGAGCCCGTACGACCCTCGACCTCCTCCCCC
GTCCTTTTCTTACTTGCCCCAATCCTTGCCCTCACATTGGCCCTCACCCTTTGGGCCCCTATACCCCTCC
CTTACCCCGTCATTGACCTTAACCTAGGAATCCTCTTTATCTTGGCTCTCTCCAGCCTCGCAGTCTACTC
TATTCTTGGGTCAGGCTGAGCATCTAATTCAAAATATGCCCTTATCGGGGCTCTCCGGGCCGTTGCTCAA
ACTATTTCCTATGAAGTAAGCCTAGGACTTATTCTTTTATCCACAATTATCTTTGCTGGAGGTTTTACCC
TCCAAGTTTTTAACGTCGCCCAAGAGAGCGTTTGACTTATTATCCCGGCATGGCCTTTAGCCGCCATATG
ATATGTTTCCACACTAGCAGAGACTAACCGTGCCCCTTTCGACCTTACTGAAGGTGAGTCAGAACTCGTC
TCTGGCTTTAATGTTGAATACGCAGGAGGCCCATTCGCTTTATTTTTTCTCGCCGAGTATGCCAACATCC
TCCTTATAAATACACTTTCCGTTACATTATTCCTAGGAGCCTCCCATATTCCCGCATTCCCAGAACTAAC
CGCAATCAACCTCATAACTAAAGCTGCACTATTATCAGTTGTATTTCTTTGAGTACGAGCTTCTTACCCC
CGTTTTCGATACGACCAACTTATACACTTAATCTGAAAAAGCTTTCTTCCTCTGACCCTCGCTCTAGTTA
TCTGACACCTCTCCCTCCCTATCGCATTCGCAGGCCTCCCCCCGCATCTTTAACACAGGAGCTGTGCCTG
AACTAAAGGGCCACTTTGATAGAGTGAATCATGGAGGTTAAAATCCTCCCAACTCCTTAGAAAGAAGGGA
TTTGAACCCTACCCGGGGAGATCAAAACTCCCAGTGCTTCCACTACACCACTTCCTAGTAAAGTCAGCTA
AATTAAGCTTTTGGGCCCATACCCCAAAAATGTTGGTTAAAATCCTTCCCTTACTGATGAGTCCTTTCAT
CTTAGCCACCTTGTTATTCGCACTCGGTCTAGGAACAATAATTACATTTGCAAGCTCCCACTGGCTACTC
GCCTGAATAGGCCTTGAAATTAATACCCTCGCCATCCTCCCCCTCATAGCCCAACATCACCACCCCCGAG
CCATTGAAGCTACCACTAAATACTTTATTGCTCAAGCCACAGCGGCCGCCATACTTTTGTTTGCAAGCGC
CACAAACGCCTGACTCACAGGGCAGTGGGATATTCAGCTAATGACACATCCCCTTCCTGTCACACTTATT
ACCCTTGCCCTCGCCCTGAAGATAGGCCTTGCCCCAATGCATTCTTGACTCCCTGAAGTTATTCAAGGCG
TTGACTTCACTACAGGCCTTGTTCTATCCACCTGACAAAAACTCGCACCCTTTGTTCTCCTCTTGCAACT
CCAACCCACTAACTCCACACTCTTATTAGCCCTAGGTACCGCATCAACTCTTGTTGGGGGCTGAGGGGGT
CTAAACCAAACCCAGCTGCGTAAGATCCTAGCTTATTCTTCAATCGCCCACCTAGGTTGAATGACCATCG
TACTGCAATTCTCCCCGTCCCTAGCACTTTTAACCCTGATTGTTTACTTCACCATAACATTCTCAGCTTT
CTTAATATTTAAACTGAACAACTCAACCAACCTCAACTCCTTAGCCATTTCCTGGACGAAAGCCCCCGTA
GCCACCGCCCTCGCCCCCCTAGTTCTCCTCTCTCTCGGAGGACTCCCCCCACTGACTGGCTTTATATCAA
AATGACTTATTCTCCAAGAGCTAACCAAACAGGATTTGATGCCACTAGCCACACTCCTGGCCCTTTCAGC
ACTTCTCAGCCTCTATTTTTATCTCCGCCTTGCCTACTCACTAACGCTCACCGTCTCCCCCAACACTTTA
ATTGGAACCACCCCCTGACGTCACCCCACATCTCACCTTACCCTACTCCTATCGACCTCTACTGTCGCTA
CAGTCTTTCTCCTCCCTATTACCCCGGCCATCGTCACACTCTTCTCCCTATAAGGAACTTAGGCTAACTT
AGACCAACAGCCTTCAAAGCCGTCAGCAGGAGTTAAAATCTCCTAGTTCCTGTAAAACTTGCGAGGCTTT
AACTCACATCTCCTGCATGCAAAACAGACGCTTTAATTAAGCCAAAGCTTTCCTAGGCAGGTAGGCCTCG
ATCCTACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCTCAAACCAACAAGCCTCTGCCTACCCCTTACCCCGCCC
GTGGGGGGGAAAGGCGGGGTAAGTCCCGGAAGGCGTGAGCCTACTACTTTGGGTTTGCAATCCAACATGT
ATTACACCTCGGGACTTGATAAGAAGAGGACTCAAACCTCTGTCTATGGGGCTACAATCCACCGCTTGAA
CCTCAGCCATCTTACCTGTGGCAATCACACGCTGATTTTTCTCAACCAACCATAAAGACATCGGCACCCT
TTATCTAGTATTTGGTGCTTGGGCCGGAATAGTAGGAACTGCCCTAAGCCTGCTCATTCGAGCTGAGCTT
AGCCAGCCTGGCGCTCTCCTTGGAGACGACCAGATTTATAATGTAATTGTTACAGCACATGCGTTTGTAA
TAATTTTCTTTATAGTTATACCAATTATGATCGGTGGCTTTGGGAACTGATTAATTCCACTTATGATCGG
TGCCCCTGACATAGCATTCCCCCGAATAAATAACATGAGCTTCTGACTTCTTCCTCCCTCGTTCCTCCTT
CTATTGGCCTCTTCTGGAGTTGAAGCCGGAGCCGGCACCGGATGAACAGTTTACCCCCCGCTGGCAGGAA
ACCTTGCCCACGCAGGTGCATCAGTTGATTTAACAATCTTTTCCCTTCATTTAGCTGGAATTTCATCTAT
TCTTGGCGCTATTAATTTTATCACTACCATTATTAACATAAAACCCCCAGCCATTTCACAATACCAAACA
CCACTATTCGTTTGAGCCGTTTTAATTACTGCTGTCCTACTTCTTCTGTCCCTTCCTGTTCTTGCCGCCG
GGATTACAATGCTCCTTACAGACCGAAACCTAAACACTACCTTCTTTGACCCAGCAGGGGGAGGAGACCC
AATTCTTTATCAACACCTATTTTGATTTTTTGGTCACCCAGAAGTATACATTCTAATTCTCCCAGGATTT
GGAATAATCTCGCACATTGTAGCCTACTATTCTGGTAAAAAAGAACCTTTCGGGTATATAGGAATGGTCT
GAGCAATGATAGCCATCGGTCTCTTGGGATTCATTGTTTGAGCCCACCACATGTTCACAGTTGGGATGGA
CGTCGACACACGTGCCTATTTCACATCCGCAACAATAATTATTGCTATTCCAACTGGCGTAAAAGTCTTT
AGCTGATTGGCAACCCTGCACGGAGGAACAATTAAATGAGAAACCCCAATACTTTGGGCTATCGGCTTCA
TCTTCTTGTTTACAGTTGGGGGCCTGACAGGGATTGTTTTAGCCAATTCATCTCTTGACATCGTCCTCCA
CGACACTTACTACGTAGTCGCCCACTTCCACTACGTTCTCTCAATAGGAGCTGTTTTCGCTATTATGGCT
GGCTTTGTCCACTGATTCCCTCTATTTTCTGGCTACACCCTTCACAGCACCTGAACCAAAATTCACTTTG
GTATTATGTTCGTAGGCGTAAATCTTACATTCTTCCCACAGCACTTCCTTGGCCTAGCTGGAATGCCTCG
TCGATACTCAGACTACCCCGATGCATACACCCTGTGAAATACTGTTTCATCCATCGGCTCCTTAATTTCC
CTCGTGGCCGTTATTCTCTTCTTATTTATTATCTGAGAAGCCTTCGCCTCCAAACGTGAAGTACACTCAG
TGGAAATGGCTTCAACTAACGTTGAATGACTACACGGCTGTCCTCCTCCCTATCACACATTTGAAGAACC
AGCATTCGTTCAAGTAAAGCTGCTTAACGCCGAGAAAGGAAGGAATCGAACCCCCGTGGGCTGGTTTCAA
GCCAACTACATAACCACTCTGTCACTTTCTTTATAAGGCACTAGTAAAATAGATTATTACACTGCTTTGT
CAAGGCAGAATCGTGGGTTTGACTCCCGCGCGCCTTAACTAAATAATGGCCCATCCCTCACAGCTAGGAT
TTCAAGATGCAGCTTCCCCAGTTATAGAAGAACTTCTCCACTTTCACGACCATGCCCTAATAATCGTTTT
TTTAATTAGTACACTAGTACTTTACATTATCGTGGCCATAGTCTCCACCAAATTAACCAATAAATACATC
TTAGATTCTCAAGAAATTGAAGTAATCTGAACTATTCTCCCCGCATTTATCTTGATTTTGATTGCCCTGC
CATCACTACGCATCCTTTACTTAATAGATGAAATTAATGACCCACATCTAACAATTAAAGCCATGGGCCA
CCAATGATATTGAAGTTATGAGTATACGGACTATGAAGACCTTGGTTTTGACTCTTATATACTGCCTACA
CAGGACCTTGCCCCAGGACAATTCCGTCTCCTGGAAGCAGACCATCGAATAGTTATTCCGGTTGAGTCCC
CTATTCGAGTCCTAGTCTCAGCTGAAGATGTACTGCATTCGTGAGCCGTCCCTTCTCTCGGTGTAAAAAT
GGACGCCGTTCCGGGCCGTCTCAATCAAACAGCATTTATTGCCTCCCGCCCAGGGGTCTTTTACGGACAA
TGCTCTGAAATTTGCGGAGCAAATCACAGCTTCATGCCCATTGTAGTAGAAGCAGTTCCCCTGCAATATT
TCGAAAAGTGATCTTCCCTTATGCTCGAGGACACATCGCTGAGAAGCTAAACAGGGTCAAGCGTTAGCCT
TTTAAGCTAAACGATGGTGCCTCCCAACCACCCTCAGCGACATGCCTCAACTTAACCCTGCCCCCTGATT
TACCATTCTGGTATTTTCTTGAGCTATTTTTCTTACTATCCTCCCCCTGAAGGTTGGAGCCCATACTTTC
CCCAACGAACCCACACTTCAAAGCACAGACACTCCCAAGACAGAATCCTGAACCTGACCATGGTAACAAG
CTTTTTTGACCAATTTTCAAGCCCGCTTTTTATGGGCATCCCCCTAATAGCACTCGCCCTGCTACTTCCC
TGAATTCTCCTCCCAACGCCCTCTTCCCGATGACTAAATAATCGTTTATTGACTCTGCAAAACTGATTTC
TTGGTATGTTTACACGACAACTTCTCCTACCCATTAATCACCCTGGACATAAATGAGCCTTAATCCTGGC
TTCACTTATAATCTTCCTTCTCAGCCTAAACTTGCTTGGTCTCCTCCCCTATACGTTTACCCCTACCACT
CAACTATCCATTAACCTAGGCTTCGCGGTCCCCCTGTGACTGGCTACAGTTCTCATTGGACTACGAAACC
AACCAAACCTCTCCCTAGCCCACCTTCTTCCAGAAGGTACCCCTCTGCTGCTAATTCCAATCTTAATCAT
TATCGAAACAATTAGCCTAATGATCCGCCCTCTCGCATTAGGCGTGCGACTTACAGCGAACCTAACGGCC
GGCCATCTCCTAATTCAACTTATCTCCACAGGTTTATTCGTTCTTCTCTCACTTCAACCAGCCGTGGCAA
TTCTAACAGGGGCTCTCCTCCTAATACTTTCCCTTCTAGAAGTGGCTGTCGCAATTATCCAAGCTTACGT
TTTCGTCCTTCTTTTAAGCCTCTACCTACAAGAAAACGTCTAATGGCCCACCAAGCACACGCATACCACA
TAGTCGACCCCAGTCCCTGACCACTTACAGGTGCAGTTGCCGCCCTGCTCGTAACCTCCGGTACCGCAAT
TTGATTCCACTTTAATTCTACCATCCTCATGACCCTGGGAACAATGCTTCTCCTTCTCACAATATACCAA
TGATGACGAGATATCATTCGAGAAGGAACATTCCAGGGCCACCACACACCCCCCGTCCAAAAAGGCCTAC
GATATGGAATAATTCTCTTCATCACCTCAGAAGTTTTCTTCTTCCTGGGCTTTTTCTGAGCCTTTTATCA
CTCAAGTCTTGCACCTACCCCTGATCTAGGAGGATGCTGGCCTCCGGCAGGAATTACAACCCTAGACCCA
TTTGAAGTCCCCCTACTTAACACAGCCGTCCTTCTTGCCTCCGGGGTCACAGTTACTTGAGCCCACCATA
GCATTATAGAGGGTGACCGAAAACCGGCAATTCAGTCCCTCGCTTTGACCATCCTCCTCGGCTTCTATTT
TACTTTCCTCCAAGGATTAGAATATTTTGAAGCACCCTTCACCATCGCAGACGGAGTCTACGGCTCAACA
TTTTTTGTAGCAACAGGCTTCCACGGCCTACATGTCATTATTGGCTCAACCTTCCTGGCGGTCTGCCTTC
TTCGTCAAATCCAATATCATTTTACATCTGAACACCATTTCGGATTTGAAGCAGCTGCCTGATACTGACA
TTTTGTAGACGTAGTATGACTATTCCTATACATTTCTATCTATTGATGAGGCTCATAATCTATCTAGTAT
CAAACTTAGTATAAGTGACTTCCAATCACCCGGTCTTGGTTAAAGTCCAAGGATAGATAATGAACTTGGT
TACAACAATCATTATTATTACCGCCACCCTTTCCGTTATCTTAGCCATCGTATCCTTCTGACTCCCCCAA
ATAAGCCCTGACTACGAGAAACTCTCCCCATATGAATGTGGCTTTGACCCCTTAGGATCTGCCCGTTTAC
CATTCTCCCTCCGATTTTTTCTTGTTGCAATTCTCTTCCTCCTCTTTGATTTAGAAATTGCCCTTCTCTT
GCCACTCCCCTGGGGCGACCAACTCTCTTCCCCTCTCATTACCTTCCTCTGAGCCTCAACTGTCCTAGTA
CTCCTCACCCTAGGCCTTATTTATGAGTGACTACAAGGAGGCCTAGAGTGGGCTGAATGGGTGATTAGTT
AAAAGATATAACATTTGATTTCGGCTCAAAAATTCGTGGTTTAACCCCACGATCAACCTGATGACTCCAG
TTCACTTCACCTTTTCTTCCGCCTTCATACTAGGACTAACAGGCCTAACATTTCACCGAACCCATCTTCT
ATCGGCCCTCCTCTGCTTGGAAGGTATGATGCTATCTTTATTTGTTGCCCTATCACTCTGAGCACTCCAA
CTAAGCTCAATCAGCTTCTCAGCCTCCCCCCTCCTTCTTCTAGCATTTTCGGCCTGTGAGGCAAGTGCAG
GACTTGCCCTTCTCGTAGCCACTGCTCGTACCCACGGCTCTGACCGTATACAAAGCTTAAATCTTCTACA
ATGCTAAAAATTTTACTTCCGACCCTCATGCTCATCCCCACGGCTTGATTAGTCCCCGGTAAATGGCTAT
GACCAACAACTCTTCTCCATAGCCTCATTATTGCCCTGATTAGCCTCACTTGACTAACAAACTTATCAGA
AGTTGGCTGATCCTCCCTTGGCTCCTACCTCGCCACAGATGCCCTTTCTACCCCCCTTCTAGTGCTAACA
TGCTGACTTCTCCCTCTCATACTTCTCGCCAGCCAAAATCACACCGCCTCTGAGCCAATTAATCGCCAAC
GCATATACGTCACGCTTCTTACATCCTTACAGTTCTTCCTAATCCTGGCTTTTGGGGCCACTGAAGTAAT
CATATTTTATGTCATGTTCGAAGCCACATTAATCCCAACACTTATCCTTATCACCCGATGAGGCAATCAG
GCTGAGCGGCTCAATGCAGGAACTTATTTCTTGTTTTACACTCTAGCTGGCTCACTCCCCCTTCTAGTTG
CCCTTCTCCTCCTTCAAAATAACGCGGGGTCCCTCTCCTTACTTACCTTAGCATACTCCCCTCCAATACA
GCTCACTACTTATGGAGACAAGCTTTGATGGGCCGCCTGCCTATTAGCCTTCTTAGTTAAGATGCCCCTG
TATGGTGTCCATCTTTGACTCCCAAAAGCTCATGTAGAAGCACCCGTTGCAGGATCAATAATTCTTGCCG
CCGTCCTATTAAAGCTTGGGGGCTACGGAATGATACGCATGCTCACAATTCTTGAACCCCTAACTAAGGA
ACTCAGCTACCCCTTTATTATCTTTGCACTCTGGGGGGTACTTATAACAGGCTCAATCTGCCTGCGCCAA
ACTGACCTCAAGTCGCTCATCGCTTACTCGTCTGTGAGCCACATGGGCCTAGTCGTAGGGGGCATTTTAA
TTCAAACCCCCTGAGGCTTCTCCGGAGCACTAATTCTCATAATTGCCCATGGCCTCACATCATCCGCCCT
TTTTTGCTTAGCCAATACTAATTATGAACGAACCCACAGCCGAACAATAGTCCTAGCCCGAGGCCTACAA
ATAGTGCTTCCCCTAATAACAGCATGATGATTCATTGCCAGTCTAGCAAACCTTGCCCTCCCCCCTCTTC
CAAACCTCATGGGAGAGTTAATGATTATTGTCTCCCTCTTTAACTGGTCTTGATGAACCTTGGCCCTCAC
CGGGGCCGGAACCTTAATTACCGCCGGGTACTCCCTCTATATATTTCTTATAACCCAGCGAGGACAACTT
CCAACGCACATTACTGCCCTAGAGCCCTCTCACTCACGAGAACACCTCCTGATAGCCCTCCACCTCCTCC
CTTTAATTCTTCTTGTACTAAAGCCCGAACTAATTTGAGGGTGAACCGCCTGTAGATGTAGTTTAATAAA
AACATTAGATTGTGATTCTAGAGACAGAGGTTAAAATCCCCTCATCCACCGAGATAGGCTCGCTAGCACC
GGAGACTGCTAATCTTCGCCCCCCTGGTTGAACCCCAGGGCTAACTCGGCCATAGCTCCTAAAGGATAAC
AGCTCATCCGTTGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGTAGTAGCTATGCTCCCAACTT
CACTCATAATGACATCCAGCTTAATCCTGGTCTTCTTCCTGCTCTCGTACCCTGTCTTAACAACACTCCA
TCCAAACCCACGAGAAGAAGGCTGAGCACTTCTCAAAGTCAAAACAGCAGTAAAACTAGCTTTCTTTGTT
AGCCTACTCCCCCTATTTCTCCTTTTTAATGAAGGAGCCGAAGTTATCGTCACCAACTGAAACTGAACTA
ACACCTTAATTTTCGATATTAACATCAGCTTTAAATTTGACCACTACTCAACCATTTTTACCCCTATTGC
CCTCTACGTAACATGGTCCATCCTAGAATTTGCCTCCTGGTATATACACGCTGATCCTTACATGAACCGA
TTCTTCAAGTATCTCCTCATCTTCCTTATCGCCATAATCGTCCTGGTTACCGCAAACAATATGTTTCAGC
TTTTTATTGGTTGAGAAGGAGTCGGCATTATATCCTTTCTTCTCATTGGCTGATGATACGGTCGAGCAGA
TGCAAATACCGCCGCACTCCAAGCTGTTCTCTACAACCGAGTCGGAGACATTGGCCTCATCTTTGCCATA
GCATGAATAGCAACAAACCTCAACTCATGAGAAATGCAACAAATATTTGTATCTGCAAAGGGTCTTGATT
TAACTTTCCCTCTTATTGGACTAATCGTTGCTGCCACCGGTAAATCTGCCCAATTTGGCCTTCACCCCTG
ACTCCCCTCCGCAATGGAAGGCCCTACACCGGTCTCTGCCCTACTCCACTCTAGCACCATGGTTGTTACA
GGCATCTTCCTCCTAATCCGAATGAGCCCACTCATAGAGAATAACCAAACCGCACTAACAACCTGCCTCT
GCCTCGGTGCCCTCACCACTCTCTTCACCGCCACCTGTGCTCTTACCCAGAATGATATCAAGAAAATTGT
TGCCTTCTCAACATCAAGTCAACTAGGGCTAATAATAGTTACAATCGGACTTAACCAACCACAACTTGCC
TTCCTCCACATCTGCACCCATGCCTTCTTTAAAGCAATACTCTTCCTCTGCTCGGGCTCGATCATCCACA
GCCTAAATGACGAACAAGATATCCGAAAAATAGGAGGCATACATCACCTCACTCCCTTTACATCTTCCTG
TCTTACCATCGGCAGCCTCGCCCTCACCGGCACCCCCTTTTTAGCAGGCTTCTTTTCCAAAGACGCCATT
ATTGAAGCCCTAAATAACTCGAACCTAAACGCCTGAGCCCTGGCCGCAACCCTTCTAGCCACCTCGTTTA
CAGCTATTTATAGCCTACGAGTGGTTTTCTTTGTGTCTATGGGTCACCCCCGATTCCTCCCACTGTCCCC
TATCAATGAAAACAACCCAGCAGTTATTAACCCTATCAAACGACTAGCCTGAGGAAGTATTATCGCAGGC
CTTCTAATCACCTCCAACATTATCCCCCATAAAACCTCTATTTTAACTATACCTCCCCTGCTTAAACTAG
CCGCCCTTATCGTCACTATCCTAGGCCTCATTATTGCATTAGAACTAGCCTCCCTAACAAGCAAACAATT
TAAACCAACTTCACAGCTGACCCTTCATCACTTCTCTAACATACTTGGATTCTTCCCTGCAGTGACCCAC
CGACTTGTCCCGAAACTAAACCTTATCCTAGGCCAAGCAATCGCAAGTCAAGCTATCGATCAAACGTGAC
TAGAAAAAGTGGGCCCTAAGGCCGTAACCTCCTTAAACGTCCCTATTGTTGCGATAGTTAGCAATACCCA
ACGCGGAATAATCAAAACCTATCTTACCTTGTTCCTACTAACCCTAACCTTCGCAGTACTACTCCTCGCG
TTTAAATAGACCGAAGTGCGCCACGATTTTTTCCTCGAACTAGCTCCATAACTACAAAAAGAGTTAAGAG
CAAAGTCCAAGCAGCAATCATCAGTATTTTTCCACCTGGTATGTACATTAAAGCAACTCCCGCAGCATCC
CCTCGATGTACAGCCAGTTCATGAAATTCCTCCACAGTTAACCAAGAAGACTCATATCATCCTCCATAAA
ACCCCCCTGCGAGTACCCCTACTGATACCCCATAGACTAATATTGTAGCGGCAACAGACTGGCTCCCAAG
GCTTTCTCAATGAGAATCCGCAGCAAGAGCCGCACAATAGGCAAACACTACTAACATCCCACCCAAGTAA
ATCAAAAATAAGATAAAGCACAGGAATGAACCCCCATGCCAAACCAAGATGCCACACCCTACACCCGCCG
CAACAACCAACCCTAGCGCGGCGAAATATGGAGATGGGTTAGAAGCAACTACAATCAGCCCTAGCACCAA
CCCTAATAACAATAAAGACATGAAAAAGGACATAATTCCTGCCGGGACTTTAACCCGGCCCCATGGCTTG
AAAAACCACCGTTGTAACTCAACTACAGGAACCCTAATGGCAAGCCTTCGTAAGACACACCCCCTCTTAA
AAATCGCTAATCACGCAGTAGTTGATCTGCCTGCGCCCTCCAATATTTCCGTCTGATGAAATTTTGGATC
CCTCCTCGGTCTCTGTCTAATTTCTCAGCTTCTGACAGGGCTATTCCTCGCTATGCACTACACTTCCGAT
ATCGCCACAGCCTTCTCTTCCGTAGCCCACATCTGCCGAGATGTAAATTACGGATGGCTCATCCGAAACC
TTCACGCCAACGGAGCATCTTTCTTTTTTATTTGTATTTACCTCCATATCGGACGAGGGCTCTACTACGG
CTCTTACCTCTATAAAGAAACATGAAACATCGGAGTTGTCCTCCTCCTATTAGTTATAGGAACTGCTTTC
GTAGGTTACGTACTCCCATGAGGACAAATATCTTTCTGAGGGGCAACTGTTATTACCAACCTTCTTTCCG
CCGTCCCCTATGTTGGAGGCACTCTTGTCCAATGAATTTGAGGAGGGTTTTCAGTTGATAATGCAACCCT
GACCCGCTTCTTTGCCTTCCATTTCCTTCTCCCCTTCGTCATTGCAGCCATAACCATACTGCATCTTCTG
TTCCTCCATGAAACAGGCTCTAACAACCCCCTCGGCCTAAATTCTGACACAGATAAAATTTCTTTCCACC
CATACTTCTCATATAAAGACCTTCTTGGATTCGCAGCTGTAATTATCTTATTAACTTGTCTTGCCCTATT
CGCCCCTAATCTCCTAGGGGACCCAGACAATTTCACCCCGGCAAATCCTCTAGTTACCCCTCCTCACATT
AAGCCCGAGTGGTATTTCTTATTTGCCTACGCAATTTTACGCTCAATCCCTAACAAGCTAGGAGGGGTCC
TTGCCCTCTTGGCCTCTATTCTAGTCCTAATGGTTGTCCCCATTCTCCACACCTCTAAACAACGAAGCCT
CACCTTCCGACCAGTCACCCAATTCCTATTCTGAGCACTCGTTGCAAACGTAGCAATTCTCACATGAATC
GGAGGAATGCCAGTCGAAGAGCCTTACATCATTATTGGCCAAGTTGCATCACTAACCTACTTCTCTCTTT
TCCTAGTCATTATTCCCGCCGCAGCCACTATGGAAAACAAAGTCTTAGGCTGACAATGCATTAGTAGCTC
AGTCTCAGAGCGTCGGTTTTGTAAGCCAAATGTCGGAGGTTAAATTCCTCCCTATTGCTCAAAGAAAGGG
GATTTTAACCCCTACCACTAGCTCCCAAAGCTAGCGTTCTTCATTTAAACTATCCTCTGATATCATGCCA
TATCCGTATGTCATATTATACAATATATGACATATATGGATATATACATATATATATATATATGCATAAT
ATGTAATTATATAGGACTAACACATATAATAGACCATACCCCCATATAACCATAGGTTATGGGTTAAATA
CACATATGTATTATCAGCATAAACTGAAATTCACCTACCAAGCTAGGACACAACTTCAATTATTAACTAG
CACACAGATAATACCCAACTAACAATGAATTATCCAGTCCTTAACAATAAGACCTAGCACAAACATCTGT
TAATAAATATATACCAAGTACCAGCACCTCTTCATCAAAATTACGATTGCAGTAAGAACCGACCAACCTA
CTATACCTTAATGCATTCGTTTATTGAAGGTGAGGGGCAAATATAGTGGGGGTCGCACAAAATGAATTAT
TCCTGGCATCTGGTTCCTATTTCAGGGCCATTAACTTCTATACTACCCTAACTTCTATCGAAGCTTGCAT
AAGTTAATGGTGGCGAACGGACGGCGAGATAACTCCGCATGCCGAGCGTTCTCTCCACGGGTGTCAGGGT
TCTCTTTTCTCTTTTTCCTTTTCGTGGTCATTTCACAGTGCACGCCGAAGTCCTTGGACAAAGGTGGTAC
TAATCTCCCGCCTTTCATACAATTGCTGAGTAATATAAAGACTTTATCATATGAATTGCATAATTGATTT
CATGAGCATAATGTGTGGTTTTTTACTCCTAAAAGCCTAATATACGCCCCCTTCATTAAGGTTTTTAGTC
GTTAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCCTAAACTCCAGGAATCATTAACACTTCTGCAAACCCCTCAGAAACAGAAAT
TCTTGGGTCCTAGAGTAACGAGGAATTACATCCAAAATGCATCTTTTTAATATATTAAAAAAGTAATTTT
AGCTAAATTTATAATTTTCCCCAAGGGGGTCTGTCTTACAATTTTTGAATTCACTTATCACT
Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

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How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.