Viewing data for Oreochromis niloticus


Scientific name Oreochromis niloticus
Common name Nile tilapia
Maximum lifespan 9.00 years (Oreochromis niloticus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16627 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7618 9009 5033 2585 4354 4655
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 458 542 303 155 262 280
Base content (%) 45.8% 54.2%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11451 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5304 6147 3706 1598 3138 3009
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 463 537 324 140 274 263
Base content (%) 46.3% 53.7%
D-loop (size: 924 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 332 592 199 133 300 292
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 359 641 215 144 325 316
Base content (%) 35.9% 64.1%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1553 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 695 858 387 308 377 481
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 448 552 249 198 243 310
Base content (%) 44.8% 55.2%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2643 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1257 1386 721 536 528 858
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 476 524 273 203 200 325
Base content (%) 47.6% 52.4%
12S rRNA gene (size: 944 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 468 476 260 208 189 287
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 496 504 275 220 200 304
Base content (%) 49.6% 50.4%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1699 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 789 910 461 328 339 571
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 464 536 271 193 200 336
Base content (%) 46.4% 53.6%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 306 378 219 87 208 170
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 447 553 320 127 304 249
Base content (%) 44.7% 55.3%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 79 89 60 19 37 52
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 357 113 220 310
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
COX1 (size: 1596 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 728 868 446 282 463 405
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 456 544 279 177 290 254
Base content (%) 45.6% 54.4%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 313 378 200 113 181 197
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 453 547 289 164 262 285
Base content (%) 45.3% 54.7%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 367 417 241 126 218 199
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 468 532 307 161 278 254
Base content (%) 46.8% 53.2%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 524 617 370 154 340 277
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 459 541 324 135 298 243
Base content (%) 45.9% 54.1%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 454 521 324 130 276 245
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 332 133 283 251
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%
ND2 (size: 1046 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 498 548 378 120 275 273
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 476 524 361 115 263 261
Base content (%) 47.6% 52.4%
ND3 (size: 349 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 168 181 118 50 108 73
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 481 519 338 143 309 209
Base content (%) 48.1% 51.9%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 628 753 446 182 380 373
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 455 545 323 132 275 270
Base content (%) 45.5% 54.5%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 154 143 109 45 85 58
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 519 481 367 152 286 195
Base content (%) 51.9% 48.1%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 831 1008 597 234 506 502
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 452 548 325 127 275 273
Base content (%) 45.2% 54.8%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 259 263 201 58 67 196
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 496 504 385 111 128 375
Base content (%) 49.6% 50.4%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (10.13%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 54 (23.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.88%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 6 6 18 13 11 4 7 8 2 4 3 4 0 8 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 4 9 4 2 2 4 3 1 5 9 2 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 11 0 1 1 0 0 0 6 2 3 0 1 2 6 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 4 0 0 1 0 2 2 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
45 82 67 34
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
27 60 35 106
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 77 68 68
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWFAILVFSWLIFLTVIPPKVLAHTFPNDPTLQSTEKPKTEPWTWPWH*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 10 (18.18%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 1 0 1 1 3 1 0 2 0 1 2 0 0 1 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 5 4 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
9 20 16 11
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 20 13 17
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 20 23 9
COX1 (size: 1596 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 48 (9.04%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 49 (9.23%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 31 (5.84%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 36 (6.78%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 42 (7.91%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (11.3%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 40 (7.53%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (4.9%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 30 (5.65%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (7.91%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 19 (3.58%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 18 (3.39%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 16 (3.01%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.07%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 14 (2.64%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (1.69%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 20 (3.77%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (1.88%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.69%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
27 13 13 11 19 18 2 9 7 2 15 9 14 4 20 22
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
13 0 1 7 25 16 1 7 11 23 7 10 14 5 1 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 16 1 7 10 10 0 1 3 9 10 1 1 6 8 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
15 10 1 1 15 10 0 1 0 6 2 0 0 1 0 17
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
166 118 130 118
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
80 142 100 210
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
36 186 175 135
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 17 (7.42%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (12.66%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (9.61%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.8%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.55%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 7 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
10 12 7 7 8 10 1 2 6 1 3 4 6 3 6 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 2 4 7 6 0 1 3 4 1 3 4 6 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 6 0 3 6 3 0 0 4 3 5 0 1 1 4 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 13 2 4 9 2 2 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
70 64 56 40
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
27 53 62 88
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 83 79 52
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 32 (12.31%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 15 (5.77%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 6 5 7 8 11 2 4 8 0 7 4 5 0 9 14
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 2 3 12 7 0 2 10 9 0 4 7 2 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 9 0 4 2 3 1 0 3 2 10 0 0 1 1 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 9 1 1 4 2 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
74 71 53 63
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 67 56 95
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
9 103 90 59
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 32 (8.44%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (5.28%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 59 (15.57%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 36 (9.5%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 32 (8.44%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.69%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 19 (5.01%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
24 12 7 10 21 14 3 11 6 0 7 9 4 0 6 26
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 3 0 4 18 10 0 2 15 8 1 6 12 3 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 6 0 8 8 6 0 0 0 3 11 2 0 4 15 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 5 1 2 9 9 0 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
95 96 94 95
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
50 96 78 156
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
9 178 105 88
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 30 (9.26%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (7.1%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 25 (7.72%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (20.68%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (6.79%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.79%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (0.93%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
15 7 8 17 24 17 3 6 5 2 5 10 4 0 12 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 6 13 11 0 4 8 6 0 3 10 9 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 13 0 2 14 3 0 1 3 3 7 0 0 3 8 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 9 2 0 4 7 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
82 101 79 63
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 96 54 137
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
10 127 112 76
ND2 (size: 1046 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (11.24%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (6.92%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (12.97%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 78 (22.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 27 (7.78%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 23 (6.63%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 13 7 21 27 17 1 9 14 1 2 1 1 0 7 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 1 11 17 11 0 4 9 4 2 7 13 3 0 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
20 15 1 0 9 11 0 0 4 3 5 1 3 4 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 5 0 0 1 8 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
68 115 103 62
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 127 54 128
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 136 115 84
ND3 (size: 1046 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (11.24%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (6.92%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (12.97%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 78 (22.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 27 (7.78%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 23 (6.63%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 13 7 21 27 17 1 9 14 1 2 1 1 0 7 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 1 11 17 11 0 4 9 4 2 7 13 3 0 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
20 15 1 0 9 11 0 0 4 3 5 1 3 4 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 5 0 0 1 8 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
68 115 103 62
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 127 54 128
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 136 115 84
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (5.45%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 38 (8.28%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 38 (8.28%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 44 (9.59%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 91 (19.83%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 40 (8.71%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 18 (3.92%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (1.74%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
31 9 19 17 33 28 2 11 10 1 4 0 6 1 6 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 4 5 15 17 1 7 8 6 4 6 15 5 1 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
19 14 2 6 17 5 0 2 8 4 10 3 0 3 5 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 12 0 1 3 8 2 0 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
90 141 138 91
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
68 137 71 184
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 168 164 104
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (12.24%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 25 (25.51%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 0 3 6 9 7 2 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 5 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 3 4 6 2 1 1 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 2 0 0 5 4 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
23 36 18 22
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
15 32 13 39
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 41 27 24
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 30 (4.9%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 54 (8.82%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 45 (7.35%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 58 (9.48%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 7 (1.14%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 27 (4.41%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 95 (15.52%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 51 (8.33%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (4.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 43 (7.03%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 15 (2.45%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 30 (4.9%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 17 (2.78%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 21 (3.43%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
20 31 21 20 36 25 2 11 15 2 8 10 9 0 16 27
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 2 5 9 28 15 2 5 12 12 1 6 15 8 2 14
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
30 14 0 11 13 9 0 3 9 3 9 5 1 9 21 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 10 2 6 6 18 3 2 3 4 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
135 156 199 123
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
73 176 121 243
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
26 265 182 140
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 28 (16.18%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 26 (15.03%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (6.94%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 2 3 0 0 0 6 0 0 8 1 5 10 10 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 2 0 10 0 4 10 6 2 4 16 3 0 1 1 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 2 4 1 0 3 2 0 8 0 1 17 1 0 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 0 5 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
83 13 18 60
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
42 39 19 74
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
76 6 30 62
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11473 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 245 (6.41%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 346 (9.06%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 252 (6.6%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 309 (8.09%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 26 (0.68%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 200 (5.23%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 648 (16.96%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 288 (7.54%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 154 (4.03%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 222 (5.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 240 (6.28%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 112 (2.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 122 (3.19%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 75 (1.96%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 101 (2.64%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 112 (2.93%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 98 (2.56%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 110 (2.88%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 79 (2.07%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 76 (1.99%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
175 113 101 142 210 167 25 79 87 11 65 58 59 18 109 131
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
53 8 18 67 155 106 18 41 88 81 35 54 113 49 6 66
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
125 111 7 49 92 54 4 11 42 41 71 16 25 36 76 34
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
76 85 16 20 55 67 12 9 17 43 7 0 0 6 1 106
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
967 1050 995 810
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
522 1076 694 1530
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
254 1440 1201 927

>NC_013663.1 Oreochromis niloticus mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTAGCGTAGCTTAACTAAAGCATAACACTGAAGATGTTAAGACGGACCCTAGAAAGGCCCCGTAAGCAC
AAAGGCTTGGTCCTGACTTTACTGTCAGCTTTGGCTAAACTTACACATGCAAGTCTCCGCCCCCCTGTGA
GAATGCCCACAGTTTTCTGCCCGAAAACAAGGAGCCGGTATCAGGCACAACCCCACAGCCCATGACACCT
TGCTTAGCCACACCCTCAAGGGAACTCAGCAGTGATAGACATTAAGCCATGAGTGAAAACTTGACTTAGT
TAAAGCCAAGAGAGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAGAGGCTCAAGTTGATAGACA
TCGGCGTAAAGAGTGGTTAGGAAGTCTTTTAAACTAAAGCCGAATACCCTCAGAACTGTTATACGTACCC
GAGGGAAAGAAGCCCCACTACGAAAGTGGCTTTATATCTCCGACCCCACGAAAGCTGCGAAACAAACTGG
GATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCCAGCCCTAAACTTTGATAGCCCACTACACCCGCTATCCGCCCGGGTACT
ACGAGCACTAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTTTAGATCCACCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTAGAA
CCGATAACCCCCGTTAAACCTCACCCTCTCTTGTTCTTCCCGCCTATATACCGCCGTCGTCAGCTTACCC
TGTGAAGGAACCACAGTAAGCAGAACTAGTACAACTCAAAACGCCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCATATGAGAGG
GGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTCCCTACTACAGGGAACACGAACAATGTAATGAAATATGCATTAGAAGGAGG
ATTTAGCAGTAAGCAGAAATTAGAGCGTTCCGCTGAAACCGGCCCTGAAGCGCGCACACACCGCCCGTCA
CTCTCCCCAAGCCAACCAGCACCCTATAAATAATACATTTCACCGGTAAAGGGGAGGCAAGTCGTAACAT
GGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGAAAAATCAGAGTGTAGCTAAGCCAGAAAAGCATCTCCCTTACA
CTGAGAAGTCACCCGTGCAAATCGGGTCACCCTGACGCCCAATAGCTAGCCCACCCATCAACCCCAAACC
CACCCTATCTATACCCCCAAACACACCACCACCCAACAAACAAACCATTTTCCCACCTAAGTACGGGCGA
CGAAAAAGGACCTAGGAGCAACAGAGAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTGAAAGAGTAATGAAACAACCCAG
TAAAGCACTAAAAAGCAGAGACCGCCCCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTTAGCCAGAAAACCTTAAGCA
AAAAGCATTATAGTTTAATACCCCGAAACTAAGCGAGCTACTCCAAGACAGTCTAATTTATAGGACCACC
CCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGAACTTTGAGTAGAGGTGACAGACCTACCGAGCCTAGTTATAGC
TGGTTGCCTGAGAACTGAATAGAAGTTCAGCCCTTTAAATTCTTTACCCCCATTGGCCCAAGGCCTCCAC
ACCGAACAAAAGAAACTAAAGGAGTTAGTCAAAGGGGGTACAGCCCCTTTGAAACAAGATACAACTTTCC
AAGGAGGGTAAAGATCACAACAAACTTAAAGGCCTAATGTTCTAGTGGGCCTAAAAGCAGCCACCTACCC
AGAAAGCGTTAAAGCTCGAACATTACATAACCAGCCTTCTAATAAAGACAACACAATCTCACCCCCCTAA
ACCTACCAGGCCGTTCCATAAAAATATGGAAGTGTTTATGCTAATATGAGTAATAAGAGAGACCCCCTCT
CTCCCCGCACAAGTGTAACTCGGAGCGAACCATTCACCGACCATTAACGGCCCCAAAACAAAGAGGGAAC
TAGACAAAAAACAAACAACTAGAAAACCACCTAACCCCCCCCCCCACCGTTAACCCCACACTGGTGTGCC
AACCGGGAAAGACTAAAAGAAAAAGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATC
GCCTCTTGTACCCCTAAACATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACTATAAGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATTT
TGACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGAAGACCTGTATGAATGGCATAACGAGGGCT
TAACTGTCTCCTTTTTCCAGTCAATGAAATTGATCTCCCCGTGCAGAAGCGGGGATATTAACATAAGACG
AGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAGACGCCAGAACAGACCATGTTAAGCACCCCTAAAATAAAAGACAAAACT
GATTGGCCCCTGTTCTAATGTCTTTGGTTGGGGCGACCGCGGGGAAACAAACAACCCCCATGTGGACCGG
GAGCACACTACTCCTACAACCCAGAGTTACAACTCCAAGCAACAGAATTTCTGACCAACAAGATCCGGCA
TATAGCCGATCAACGGACCGAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTCTTTTAGAGCCCATATCGACA
AGAGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGT
TCAACGATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGCCAC
GATCTTTTCTAGTACGAAAGGACCGAAAAGAAGAGGCCCCTGTTTCCAATATGCCTCACCCTCACCTATT
GAAATCAACTAAAATAGGCAAAAGGGCGTACCCCCTAGCCTAAGAAAATGGCTTGTTAAAGTGGCAGAGC
CCGGACACTGCAAAAGACCTAAGCCCTTTCTACGGAGGTTCAAGTCCTCCCTTTAACTATGCTCTCAACA
CTAGTTACATCTATCCTCAACCCCCTAATTCTGATTGTATTTGTCCTTCTAGCCGTCGCACTCCTCACAC
TTGTCGAACGAAAAGTCCTCGGTTACATGCAATTACGAAAAGGCCCAAACATCGTAGGCCCTTACGGCCT
CCTCCAACCAATTGCAGACGGACTAAAACTTTTTATAAAAGAGCCCGTTCGACCCTCCACCTCCTCCCCC
GTCCTCTTCCTTTTTACCCCCATACTAGCCCTCACCCTGGCACTTACCCTTTGAACTCCAATACCCCTTC
CCTTTCCAATAGCAGACCTCAATCTTGGCATCCTCTTTATTCTTGCTCTCTCCAGCTTAGCAGTCTATTC
TATCCTCGGCTCAGGATGAGCCTCCAATTCAAAATACGCCTTAATTGGAGCCCTTCGAGCTGTCGCACAG
ACTATTTCCTACGAAGTCAGCCTAGGACTGATTCTTCTAAACGCAATCATCTTCACTGGAGGTTTTACCC
TACAAACATTTAGCGTTGCCCAAGAAAGTGTTTGATTAATTTTTCCCGCCTGACCTTTAGCTGCTATATG
ATACATTTCCACACTTGCAGAGACTAACCGAGCCCCCTTCGACCTTACAGAAGGTGAATCCGAACTCGTC
TCCGGCTTTAACGTAGAATATGCAGGAGGCCCTTTCGCCCTTTTTTTCCTCGCCGAATACGCCAACATTC
TCCTAATAAATACACTTTCCGCAACACTATTTTTAGGTGCCTCCATTCTACACACAACCCCAGAAATTAC
AACAACAAACCTCATAATTAAAGCAACCCTTCTCTCCGTCCTCTTCCTATGAGTTCGCGCTTCCTACCCA
CGATTTCGTTATGACCAGCTCATACACCTAATCTGAAAAAACTTCCTCCCACTAACCCTCGCCCTAGTAA
TTTGACACCTCTCCCTTCCAATTGCTCTAACAGGCCTCCCCCCACAACTATAGCCTGGAGTTGTGCCTGA
AATAAAGGGCCACTTTGATAGAGTGAACCATGAGGGTTAAAGTCCCTCCAACTCCTTAGAAAGAAGGGGC
TCGAACCCTACCTGAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTAGTGCTTCCACTACACCACTTCCCTAGTAAAGTCAGCTA
AATAAGCTTTTGGGCCCATACCCCAAACATGTTGGTTAAACTCCTTCCTTTGCTAATGAATCCTTACATC
TTAGCCATCCTCCTCTTTGGCTTAGGCCTTGGCACCACAATTACATTTGCTAGCTCCCACTGACTTCTCG
CCTGAATAGGCCTTGAAATAAATACGCTAGCTATCATCCCCCTTATAGCTCAACACCACCACCCCCGGGC
TGTCGAAGCTACAACCAAATATTTTTTAACCCAAGCTGCTGCAGCAGCTACCCTTCTATTTGCAAGCATC
ACTAACGCCTGACTAACAGGCCAATGAGAAATTCAACAAATCACACACCCCCTCCCAACCACCATGATTA
CCCTTGCCCTCGCTCTCAAAATCGGTTTAGCCCCTCTTCATGCTTGACTCCCCGAAGTTCTACAAGGACT
AGACCTTACTACAGGGTTGATTCTTTCAACCTGACAAAAACTTGCCCCCTTCGCCCTAATTCTTCAAATC
CAACCTTCAAACTCAACCACCCTTATTATCTTAGGCCTCGCATCCACCCTCATTGGAGGGTGAGGTGGAC
TAAACCAGACACAACTCCGTAAAATTCTTGCATACTCATCAATCGCCCACCTAGGTTGAATAATTCTTGT
TTTACAATTTTCCCCTTCAATCACACTCCTCACCCTTCTAACTTACCTCATCATAACATCCTCAACATTC
CTCGTATTTAAACTCAACAAGTCCACAAATATTAATACTCTTGCCACATCCTGAGCAAAAGCCCCCGCCC
TCACAGCCCTCACCCCCCTCATTCTCCTTTCACTAGGAGGCCTCCCCCCTCTCACAGGCTTCATACCAAA
ATGGCTAATTCTTCAAGAATTAACCAAACAAGGTCTTGCCCCTACCGCAACCCTAGCAGCCCTCTCAGCA
CTCCTGAGCCTATATTTTTACCTACGCCTCTCCTACGCAATAACCCTTACTATTTCCCCCAACAGCCTTC
TAGGCACCGCCCCCTGACGCTTACCTTCCACTCAACTAACTTATCCCCTCGCTACTTCAACTGCATTGAC
AATTTGCCTCCTACCACTCACCCCCGCCATCTCAGCCTTATTGACCCCCTAAGGGGCTTAGGATAGTACC
CAGACCAAGGGCCTTCAAAGCCCTAAGCGGGAGTGAAAATCTCCCAGCCCCTGTTAAGACTTGCGGGATA
CTAACCCACATCTTCTGCATGCAAAACAGACATTTTAATTAAGCTAAAGCCTTACTAGACAGGAAGGCCT
CGATCCTACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCTTAAACCAACAAGCATCTGTCTAACCTTTCCCCGCC
CGCCTTAAAAAGGGCGGGGAAAGCCCCGGCAGGGGCTAACCTGCTACTTCAGATTTGCAATCTGACATGT
ATAACACCTCGAGGCTTGATAAGAAGAGGACTTGAACCTCTGTATATGGGGCTACAATCCACCGCTTAAC
GCTCAGCCATCTTACCTGTGGCAATCACACGTTGATTTTTCTCAACTAATCACAAAGACATCGGCACCCT
CTATCTAGTATTTGGTGCTTGAGCCGGAATAGTAGGAACTGCATTAAGCCTCCTAATTCGGGCAGAACTA
AGCCAGCCCGGCTCTCTCCTCGGAGACGACCAGATTTATAATGTAATTGTTACAGCACATGCTTTCGTAA
TAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCAATTATAATTGGAGGTTTTGGAAACTGACTAGTGCCACTAATGATTGG
TGCACCAGACATGGCCTTCCCTCGAATAAATAACATGAGTTTTTGACTCCTCCCCCCCTCATTTCTCCTT
CTCCTCGCCTCATCCGGGGTCGAAGCAGGGGCCGGTACAGGATGGACTGTTTATCCCCCGCTCGCAGGCA
ATCTCGCCCATGCTGGGCCTTCCGTTGACTTAACCATCTTCTCCCTCCATTTGGCCGGGGTGTCATCTAT
TTTAGGTGCAATTAATTTTATTACAACCATTATTAACATAAAACCCCCTGCCATCTCCCAATATCAAACA
CCCCTCTTTGTATGATCCGTTCTAATTACCGCAGTACTACTCCTACTATCCCTACCCGTTCTTGCCGCCG
GCATCACAATACTTCTAACAGACCGAAACCTAAACACAACCTTCTTTGACCCTGCCGGAGGAGGAGACCC
CATCCTTTACCAACACTTATTCTGATTCTTTGGACACCCTGAAGTTTATATTCTTATCCTCCCCGGCTTT
GGAATAATTTCCCATATTGTTGCCTACTACGCAGGCAAAAAAGAACCTTTCGGATACATGGGAATGGTTT
GAGCCATGATGGCTATCGGCCTCTTAGGGTTTATTGTCTGAGCCCATCACATGTTCACCGTAGGAATGGA
CGTAGATACACGGGCTTACTTTACTTCCGCCACAATAATTATTGCCATCCCAACCGGAGTAAAAGTCTTC
AGCTGATTAGCAACTCTGCACGGCGGTGCCATTAAATGAGAAACCCCCCTCTTATGAGCGCTAGGTTTTA
TTTTCCTCTTTACAGTAGGAGGACTAACCGGAATTGTTCGAGCCAATTCTTCTCTAGACATCATGCTTCA
CGACACATATTATGTCGTTGCCCACTTCCACTATGTTCTCTCAATAGGAGCCGTCTTCGCCATCGTTGCT
GGCTTCGTCCACTGATTCCCCCTATTCTCAGGATACACGCTTCACGACACTTGAACAAAAATCCACTTCG
GAGTTATATTTGTAGGGGTTAACCTTACTTTCTTCCCACAACACTTCCTAGGACTGGCAGGGATGCCTCG
ACGATACTCCGACTACCCCGACGCCTATACCCTTTGAAACACAATCTCTTCTATTGGCTCAATAATTTCA
ATAGTCGCAGTAATTATGTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAGCATTTGCCGCTAAACGAGAAGTCCTATCAG
TGGAACTTACAGCAACAAACGTAGAGTGACTTCACGGCTGCCCTCCCCCTTACCACACCTTTGAAGAACC
TGCATTCGTCCAAGTTCAACAAGCCTGATTAGACTACGGAAAATCTACTGCCGCCCCCTCAAAATCCCAC
TAACGAGAAAGGGAGGAATTGAACCCCCATAAACTGGTTTCAAGCCAGCCACATAACCACTCTGTCACTT
TCTTCATAAGACACTAGTAAAGTCGATTATTACATTGCCTTGTCAAGGCAAAATTGCGGGTTAAAGCCCC
GCGTGTCTTACAACAATGGCACATCCCTCTCAACTAGGATTCCAAGATGCAGCTTCACCTGTAATAGAAG
AACTTCTTCACTTTCACGACCACGCCCTAATAATCGTCTTCCTAATCAGCACACTCGTGCTTTACATTAT
TGTGGCTATAGTAACAACCAAGCTTACTAACAAATTTATCCTAGACTCCCAAGAAATTGAAATCATCTGA
ACCTTGCTCCCGGCTATTATTCTAATCCTCATCGCCCTCCCCTCCCTACGCATCCTTTACCTCATGGACG
AGATCAATGACCCACATCTCACAATTAAGGCCATGGGCCATCGATGATACTGAAGCTACGAGTACACTGA
TTATGAAGATCTCGGCTTCGATTCTTATATAATCCCAACACAAGACCTGGCCCCAGGTCAGTTTCGCCTC
CTAGAAACAGACCATCGAATAGTAGTTCCAGTTGAATCCCCCATTCGAATTTTAATCTCAGCCGAAGACG
TACTTCACTCCTGAGCCGTCCCAAGCCTAGGAGTAAAAATAGACGCCGTCCCTGGACGCCTAAACCAAAC
AGCATTTATTGCATCCCGTCCCGGAGTTTTCTATGGGCAATGCTCTGAAATTTGCGGCGCAAACCACAGC
TTTATGCCTATCGTGGTAGAAGCAGTCCCACTAGAACACTTTGAAAACTGATCATCCTTAATACTTGAAG
ACGCTTCGCTAAGAAGCTAAATAGGGAATAGCGTTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAAGATTGGTGGCCCCCACCCA
CCCCTAGCGAGATGCCACAACTTAACCCCGCGCCTTGATTTGCCATCCTAGTCTTCTCTTGACTAATTTT
CCTGACAGTCATTCCCCCAAAAGTTCTAGCACACACTTTCCCAAACGACCCCACTCTCCAAAGCACAGAA
AAACCCAAAACAGAGCCCTGAACCTGACCATGACACTAAGCTTCTTTGACCAATTTATGAGCCCCACATA
CCTGGGAATTCCCCTAATTGCCCTTGCTCTTAGCCTACCTTGAATCCTCTATCCAAAGCCCACTACACGT
TGATTAAATAACCGTCTCATTACACTCCAAGGATGATTTATTAACCGCTTTACCCAACAAATTTTCCAGC
CCTTAAGCTTAGGGGGCCATAAGTGAGCCACCCTCCTCGCCTCCCTTATACTCTTTCTTATTACCTTAAA
CATACTTGGCCTTCTACCCTACACCTTCACCCCCACAACACAACTTTCTCTCAACATAGCCTTCGCTGTA
CCCCTCTGACTTGCTACAGTCATTATTGGTATACGAAACCAACCTACACATGCGCTAGGCCACCTTCTGC
CAGAAGGCACTCCTACCCTCTTGATCCCTGTCCTAATCATTATCGAAACAATTAGCCTATTTATTCGGCC
CCTCGCACTTGGAGTTCGACTAACCGCAAATCTTACAGCTGGTCATCTCTTAATTCAACTCATCGCCACC
GCCGCCTTCGTTCTTCTTCCCCTTATACCTACAGTAGCGATCCTAACTGCAGTATTACTCTTTCTGCTAA
CCCTTCTGGAAATTGCAGTAGCCATAATTCAGGCCTATGTCTTTGTTCTTCTTTTAAGCCTTTACCTACA
AGAAAACGTTTAATGGCCCATCAAGCACACGCATATCACATAGTTGACCCCAGCCCATGACCCCTAACAG
GCGCCGTAGCCGCCCTCCTAATAACCTCTGGTTTAGCAATCTGAATGCACTTCCACAATACAACCTTAAT
AACTCTAGGCCTAATTCTCCTTCTCCTAACAATGTACCAATGATGACGAGATATCATCCGAGAAGGAACA
TTTCAAGGACACCACACTCCTCCTGTCCAAAAAGGCCTTCGATACGGTATAATTCTCTTTATTACTTCGG
AAGTTTTCTTTTTTCTAGGCTTCTTCTGAGCCTTTTACCACTCTAGCCTCGCCCCCACCCCTGAACTGGG
AGGCTGCTGACCCCCTACAGGAATCACCCCCCTTGACCCCTTCGAAGTACCACTACTCAACACAGCCGTC
CTACTAGCTTCTGGAGTTACAGTTACTTGAGCACACCATAGCATTATAGAGGGACATCGAAAAGAAGCTA
TTCAATCCCTTGCCCTAACCATTCTTTTAGGCTTTTACTTCACCTTCCTCCAAGCCATGGAATACTACGA
AGCCCCCTTCACAATCGCAGACGGAGTTTATGGCTCCACCTTTTTCGTAGCAACTGGCTTCCATGGACTT
CACGTAATTATTGGCTCTACTTTCCTGGCCGTCTGCCTTCTACGGCAAGTTCAATACCACTTTACATCAG
AACACCACTTCGGATTCGAAGCAGCTGCCTGATACTGACACTTTGTAGACGTTGTCTGATTATTCCTCTA
CATCTCAATTTACTGATGAGGCTCATATCTTTCTAGTATTAAAGCTAGTACATGTGACTTCCAATCACTT
AGTCTTGGTTAAAGCCCAAGGAAAGATAATGAATTTAGTCACAACGATACTTATTATTTCCATTACCCTC
TCCACTATTCTAGCCATTGTCTCTTTTTGACTTCCCCAAATAACCCCAGATCATGAAAAGCTCTCCCCCT
ACGAATGTGGCTTCGACCCCTTAGGGTCCGCCCGTCTGCCCTTCTCCCTCCGCTTCTTCCTCGTTGCAAT
CCTCTTCCTCCTATTTGATCTAGAAATCGCACTACTCCTTCCCCTTCCCTGGGGAGATCAACTCTCTTCC
CCCCTCATAACATTTGTCTGAGCCTTCACTGTACTCATTTTACTAACCCTCGGGCTGATCTATGAATGAA
CCCAAGGCGGCCTAGAATGGGCCGAATAGGCCGTTAGTTTAAGAAAAACCCTTGATTTCGGCTCAAGAAC
TTGTGGTTAAAGTCCACAACCGTCTAATGACTCCCACACATTTCGCCTTTTCCTCAACCTTCCTTCTGGG
CCTAGCCGGCCTAGCATTTCATCGAACCCACCTCCTTTCCGCCCTCCTATGCTTGGAGGGTATAATACTT
TCACTCTTTATTGCTCTCTCCCTCTGGACCCTCCAACTTAACTCCGTCAGTTTTTCAGCCTCCCCCATAC
TTCTTCTGGCTTTTTCAGCCTGCGAAGCAAGTGCCGGCCTCGCGCTACTCGTCGCTACTGCTCGAACCCA
CGGAACAGACCGACTCCAAAGCCTAAATCTACTACAATGCTAAAAATTCTTCTCCCTACTATTATGCTTG
TTCCCACTATTTGAATTACCCCCGCCAAACACCTCTGATCCACCACCCTTTCATACAGTCTAATCATTTC
CTTAATTAGCTTAACCTGATTAAAATCATCCACAGAATCAGGCTGATCCTTCCTTAGCCCTTACATGGCA
ACTGACCCTCTTTCCACCCCCCTCCTTGCACTAACCTGCTGGCTCCTCCCCCTAATAATTCTTGCAAGCC
AAAACCACACAGCATCCGAACCCATCTCTCGCCAACGAACCTACATCACCCTCCTTACATCCCTACAAAT
TTTCCTCATTATAGCTTTCAGCGCAACCGAAGTAATTATATTTTACATTATATTTGAAGCCACCCTCATT
CCAACCCTAATTATCATTACCCGCTGAGGTAATCAAACAGAACGACTAAACGCAGGGACCTACTTTCTAT
TTTATACATTAGCAGGCTCACTCCCCCTCCTTGTTGCCCTCCTGCTACTCCAAAATAGCACTGGAACCTT
ATCCCTTCTAACACTACAGTATACTCCTTCTATACAACTTTCTTCTTTCGCCGACAAACTATGATGAGCC
GGTTGCTTACTCGCCTTCCTAGTAAAAATGCCCCTCTACGGGGCCCACCTTTGACTTCCTAAAGCACACG
TTGAAGCCCCAATCGCAGGTTCTATAGTACTAGCCGCAGTGCTACTAAAACTGGGAGGTTATGGAATAAT
ACGAATAATAATTATGCTAGAACCCCTCACCAAAGAACTCAGTTATCCCTTCATTATCTTCGCTCTCTGA
GGTGTAATTATAACAGGCTCTATCTGCCTCCGCCAAACAGATCTAAAGTCACTCATTGCTTACTCCTCCG
TAAGCCATATAGGCCTCGTAGCAGCCGGCATTCTAATCCAAACCCCCTGAGGCTTTACAGGCGCCCTCAT
TCTAATAATCGCACACGGTTTAACTTCCTCCGCCCTCTTCTGCTTAGCTAACACGAACTACGAACGAACA
CACAGCCGAACTATAATTTTAGCGCGAGGACTCCAAATGGTTTTACCCCTAATAACCGCATGATGGTTCA
TTGCCAGCCTCGCAAATCTTGCACTTCCCCCTCTCCCAAACCTCATAGGAGAACTCATAATTATTACCTC
CTTATTCCACTGATCCTGATGAACAATTGCACTTACGGGGGCTGGAACTCTAATTACTGCAGGCTACTCC
CTATACATGTTTCTCATAACACAACGAGGGCCGCTACCAACACATATTATTTCCCTCGACCCAACACACT
CCCGAGAACACCTACTCATAGCCCTCCATCTCCTACCCCTCATTCTTCTAATTCCCAAGCCCGAACTAAT
TTGAGGTTGGACCGCCTGTAGATATAGTTTAACAAAAATATTAGATTGTGATTCTAAAGACAGAGGTTAA
AACCCCCTTATCCACCGAGAGAGGTTGACAACAACAAAGACTGCTAATCTTTGCCTCTTGGGTTAGACTC
CCAAGCTCACTCGCCCTGCTTCTAAAGGATAACAGCTCATCCGTTGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAAACTCTTGG
TGCAAATCCAAGTAGCAGCTATGCACCTCACCTCAATCATAATAGCTACCAGCCTAATCATCATTTTTTT
ACTACTCGCATTTCCCGTCCTTACCTCCTTCTCCCCCCACCCTCTTCCCTCTAACTGGGCACTCACACAG
GTCAAGACAGCAGTAAAATGAGCCTTCTTTATCAGCATTCTTCCTCTTTGCCTCTTCCTCAACGAAGGCG
CAGAAACAATTATCACCAGTTGAACTTGAATAAATACCCACACCTTTGATGTAAATATCAGCCTCAAATT
TGATATTTACTCAATTATCTTCACCCCCGTCGCCCTCTATGTCACCTGGTCCATCCTAGAGTTTGCCTCC
TGGTATATGCATGCCGACCCAAACATAAATCGCTTTTTTAAATACCTCCTAATTTTCCTCATCGCTATAA
TTACCCTCGTTACCGCAAATAATATATTTCAGCTATTCATCGGATGAGAGGGTGTTGGAATTATGTCTTT
TCTTCTCATCGGCTGATGATACGGCCGTGCAGATGCAAACACCGCCGCCCTCCAAGCAGTAATCTACAAC
CGAGTAGGAGACATCGGCCTAATTTTTGCTATAGCTTGAATCGCAACTTCCCTCAACTCTTGAGAAATAC
AACAAATATTTACTTTATCTAAAGATTTTGATTTAACTTACCCCCTTGTTGGCCTCATCCTTGCTGCCAC
TGGTAAGTCCGCGCAATTCGGCCTCCATCCCTGGCTCCCTTCTGCCATAGAAGGTCCTACACCGGTCTCT
GCCCTACTGCATTCAAGTACCATAGTAGTAGCAGGCATCTTCCTCCTTATCCGTATGAGCCCTATGCTAG
AAAACAACCACACCGCCCTGACTATCTGCCTCTGCTTAGGAGCCCTCACCACCCTTTTTACCGCAACCTG
TGCCCTCACCCAAAATGACATCAAAAAAATCGTTGCCTTCTCAACATCAAGTCAATTGGGCCTAATAATA
GTAACAATTGGACTCAACCAACCACAACTTGCCTTCCTCCACATCTGTACCCACGCATTCTTTAAAGCCA
TGCTTTTCCTCTGCTCAGGGTCCATTATCCACAGCCTAAACGACGAACAAGACATCCGAAAAATAGGAGG
CATACATCACCTAACCCCCTTCACTTCCTCCTGCTTAACTATCGGAAGCTTAGCTCTCACAGGAACTCCC
TTCTTAGCAGGATTCTTCTCTAAAGATGCCATTATTGAAGCCCTAAACACATCTTACCTAAACGCCTGAG
CCCTTTTCCTCACCCTCCTAGCCACTTCTTTCGCCGCTGTCTACAGCCTCCGAGTAATTTTCTTTGTCTC
AATAGGCCACCCCCGCTTCAACCCGCTTTCCCCCATCAACGAAAACAACCCAACAGTTATTAATCCCATC
AAACGATTAGCCTGAGGAAGCATTATCGCCGGCCTCCTAATCACCTCCAACATCACACCCCTAAAAACAC
CAGTTATATCCATACCTCTTCTTCTCAAAACTGCCGCCCTAGCGGTAACTATTATCGGCCTTCTCACCGC
ACTAGAACTCGCCTCACTAACCAATAAACAATACAAGCCAACCCCAAAACTTTCTCCCCACCATTTCTCT
AACATATTAGGATTCTTCCCAATAGTTGTCCATCGCCTTGCTCCCAAACTTAACCTAGTTTTAGGACAAA
CCATTGCCTCCCAAACAGTCGACCAAACTTGGTTAGAAAAAGTCGGTCCAAAAGCAACTGCCACCCTCAA
CCTCCCCCTAATTACAACAACCAACAATATTCAACAAGGTATAATCAAAACCTACCTCTCACTCTTCTTC
TTCACCTTCAGCCTAGCTCTCCTACTACTACTTTATTAAACAGCTCGAAGAGCCCCTCGACTAAGCCCCC
GCGTTAACTCCAACACCACAAACAACGTTAACAACAACACTCAAGCCCCCATCGCCAAAACACCGCCACC
TACCGAATACATCAAAGCTACCCCTCCAATATCCCCCCGAAAAACAGAGAACTCAGCAAACTCATCAGCA
GACACTCAAGCCCCCTTATATCACCCACCTCAAAACAACCCTGCCGCCGCACACACCCCCACCATATAAG
CCATCATCACCCCCAAAACAGGCCAACTACCTCAACCCTCCGGATAAGGCTCAGCCGCCAACGCCGCCGA
ATATGCAAACACTACCAACATTCCTCCCAAATAAATTAAAAATAAGACCAAGGATAAAAAAGACCCCCCA
TGCCCCACCAACACCCCACACCCTATGCCTGCTACCGCAACCAATCCCAACGCTGCAAAATATGGCGAAG
GATTAGAAGCAACCGCCGCAAGACCTAATACCAACCCAAACAAGAATATAAACATAACATAAACCATAGT
TTCTGCCAGGACTTTAACCAGGACTAATGACTTGAAAAACCACCGTTGTTATTCAACTACAAAAACAATA
ATGGCTAACCTCCGAAAAACCCACCCACTCCTAAAAATTGCAAACGACGCACTAGTTGACCTCCCAGCCC
CCTCAAACATTTCCGTTTGATGAAACTTTGGATCTCTACTAGGCCTCTGTCTAGCCGCCCAAATCCTGAC
AGGCCTTTTCCTAGCCATACACTATACTTCCGACATCGCCACAGCCTTCTCCTCCGTTGCTCATATTTGT
CGAGATGTAAACTACGGCTGACTCATTCGAAACATACATGCCAACGGCGCATCTTTCTTCTTCATTTGTA
TTTATCTCCACATCGGACGAGGCTTATATTACGGCTCTTACCTGTACAAAGAAACCTGAAACATTGGAGT
CATTCTCCTCCTCCTAACTATAATAACAGCCTTCGTAGGCTACGTCCTCCCATGAGGACAAATATCATTC
TGAGGCGCTACCGTCATTACCAACCTTCTCTCCGCAATCCCTTACATTGGCAATTCCTTAGTCCAATGAA
TCTGAGGGGGATTCTCCGTAGACAATGCCACCCTAACTCGCTTTTTCGCCTTCCATTTCCTCTTCCCCTT
CATCATTGCAGCTGCAACAATAGTCCACTTAATTTTTCTTCACGAAACTGGATCTAATAACCCCACAGGC
CTAAACTCAGACGCCGACAAAATCTCATTTCACCCCTACTTTTCTTACAAAGACTTATTAGGCTTCGCAA
TTCTTTTAATTGCCCTTATTTCTTTAGCCCTCTTCTCCCCCAATCTACTTGGTGATCCTGACAACTTCAC
CCCCGCAAACCCTCTAGTTACCCCTCCCCACATTAAACCCGAATGGTACTTCTTATTTGCCTACGCCATC
CTACGCTCAATTCCCAACAAACTTGGTGGAGTCCTCGCCCTCTTATTCTCAATCCTTGTCCTGATAGTTG
TACCCATTCTCCATACCTCTAAACAACGAGGCCTAACCTTCCGCCCTATCACACAATTCTTATTCTGACT
TTTAATTGCAGACGTCGCCATCCTCACTTGAATTGGAGGCATGCCCGTTGAACACCCCTTCGTCATTATT
GGCCAAATTGCATCTTTCCTCTACTTCTTCCTCTTCCTCGTTCTCGCCCCTATTACCGGCTGGCTAGAAA
ACAAAATCCTTGAGTGACACTGCACTAGTAGCTCAGCACCAGAGCGCCGGTCTTGTAAACCGGATGTCGA
AGGTTAAAGTCCTTCCTACTGCTTCAAAGAAAAGGGATTTTAACCCTTACCCCTAACTCCCAAAGCTAGG
ATTCTAATTTAAACTATTCTTTGCCGAGCTCTGCCTTCATGCAAATACAATGCATATATGTATTATCACC
ATTATTTTATATCAAACATATCCTATATATAAATACATACTTTTTTAAAAGACATCCACTGCTCCCCCAC
ATATTTGCCAACAACATTTACAACTAAGAGAAACATAAACCAGTAAATGGAACTTTCCAAAAACATTTCA
AAACCACTAAACGACAGTTTAAGACCGAACACAACTCTCATACGTTAAGATATACCAAGTACCCACCATC
CTATACTTCCGAATTATTTAATGTAGTAAGAGCCCACCATCAGTTGATTTCTCAATGTTAACGGTTCTTG
AAGGTCAAGGACAGTTATTCGTGGGGGTTTCACTAATTGAATTATTCCTGGCATCTGGTTCCTATTTCAG
GTCCAATAATTGTTATAATTCCCCATTCTTTCATCGACGCTTGCATAAGTTAATGGTGTTAATACATACT
CCTCGTTACCCACCATGCCGGGCGTTCTTTCCAGGGTGTGGGGGGTTCTCTTTTTTTTTCCTTTCACTTG
ACATTTCAGAGTGCATACAGAAAAGACAGACAAGGTTGAACATTTTCCTTGCTTGAACGGAAATAGTATG
AATGGTGGTTAGATATTATTAAGAAGAATTGCATAACTGATATCTAGAGCATAAAGTTTAATCAAAATTT
TAATTTTCTCCTAATTTTTCTATTAACATTCGGTTTTTGCGCGCGTAAACCCCCCCCCTACCCCCCCAAA
ACTCCTAAGATCTCTAATATTCCTGCAAACCCCCCGGAAACAGGAAAAGCTCTAGAAGTAACTTTCAGCG
CTTTAATATATGCATAAAATATTACTTAATGTGTGTATATCTAGTACTATCAATGCACGAGTCATGTATC
CAATGTGTGTGTATTATATTATTATAATATTGCACAT


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.