Viewing data for Oreochromis esculentus


Scientific name Oreochromis esculentus
Common name Singida tilapia
Maximum lifespan 10.00 years (Oreochromis esculentus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16622 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7710 8912 5102 2608 4300 4612
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 464 536 307 157 259 277
Base content (%) 46.4% 53.6%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11451 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5390 6061 3774 1616 3087 2974
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 471 529 330 141 270 260
Base content (%) 47.1% 52.9%
D-loop (size: 995 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 357 638 217 140 322 316
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 359 641 218 141 324 318
Base content (%) 35.9% 64.1%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1552 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 701 851 389 312 373 478
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 452 548 251 201 240 308
Base content (%) 45.2% 54.8%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2638 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1255 1383 717 538 528 855
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 476 524 272 204 200 324
Base content (%) 47.6% 52.4%
12S rRNA gene (size: 944 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 477 467 266 211 182 285
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 505 495 282 224 193 302
Base content (%) 50.5% 49.5%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1694 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 778 916 451 327 346 570
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 459 541 266 193 204 336
Base content (%) 45.9% 54.1%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 311 373 227 84 198 175
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 455 545 332 123 289 256
Base content (%) 45.5% 54.5%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 75 93 58 17 40 53
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 446 554 345 101 238 315
Base content (%) 44.6% 55.4%
COX1 (size: 1596 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 730 866 447 283 470 396
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 280 177 294 248
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 307 384 200 107 182 202
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 444 556 289 155 263 292
Base content (%) 44.4% 55.6%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 375 409 247 128 211 198
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 478 522 315 163 269 253
Base content (%) 47.8% 52.2%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 538 603 379 159 333 270
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 472 528 332 139 292 237
Base content (%) 47.2% 52.8%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 461 514 328 133 271 243
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 473 527 336 136 278 249
Base content (%) 47.3% 52.7%
ND2 (size: 1046 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 498 548 378 120 270 278
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 476 524 361 115 258 266
Base content (%) 47.6% 52.4%
ND3 (size: 349 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 167 182 117 50 112 70
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 479 521 335 143 321 201
Base content (%) 47.9% 52.1%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 649 732 457 192 374 358
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 331 139 271 259
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 166 131 119 47 75 56
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 559 441 401 158 253 189
Base content (%) 55.9% 44.1%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 857 982 621 236 487 495
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 338 128 265 269
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 261 261 199 62 70 191
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 500 500 381 119 134 366
Base content (%) 50.0% 50.0%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (9.25%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (9.25%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 53 (23.35%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.88%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 9 4 15 16 10 4 8 9 1 3 5 2 1 11 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 6 8 7 0 0 5 4 0 2 11 4 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 11 0 1 1 0 0 0 6 2 3 0 0 2 6 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 5 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
47 82 65 34
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 61 36 105
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 84 74 59
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWFAILVFSWLIFLTVIPPKVLAHTFPNDPTLQSTEKPKTEPWTWPWH*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 10 (18.18%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 2 0 1 1 3 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 0 1 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 4 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
9 19 16 12
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 20 13 17
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
2 19 24 11
COX1 (size: 1596 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 48 (9.04%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 49 (9.23%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 30 (5.65%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 35 (6.59%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 41 (7.72%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (11.68%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 41 (7.72%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (4.9%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 32 (6.03%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 41 (7.72%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 19 (3.58%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 18 (3.39%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 16 (3.01%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (2.26%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (2.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (1.69%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 20 (3.77%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (1.88%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.51%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
30 11 18 13 19 18 5 6 7 2 15 10 11 5 18 23
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 0 1 9 25 13 2 7 13 23 5 11 14 6 1 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 15 1 11 5 10 0 1 3 9 10 3 1 6 7 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
16 10 2 2 14 9 1 1 0 5 2 0 0 1 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
166 124 129 113
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
79 142 100 211
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
38 181 167 146
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 17 (7.42%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (12.66%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (9.17%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.55%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 7 7 9 6 10 1 2 8 0 2 6 6 4 4 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 2 4 7 6 0 1 2 6 0 2 5 7 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 5 0 3 6 3 0 1 3 4 4 0 1 1 4 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 15 0 2 11 4 0 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 64 54 40
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 53 63 88
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
9 83 85 53
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 32 (12.31%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 15 (5.77%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 6 6 6 9 11 1 4 8 0 6 5 4 1 6 17
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 2 4 12 6 0 1 10 8 2 3 7 2 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 9 0 2 4 4 0 1 2 2 10 1 1 1 1 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
12 9 1 3 2 2 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
74 70 53 64
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 67 56 95
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 110 89 51
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 31 (8.18%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (5.28%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (15.83%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 35 (9.23%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 31 (8.18%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.69%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 19 (5.01%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
22 13 8 15 17 15 5 8 6 0 9 8 3 0 8 23
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 2 1 2 19 10 0 5 12 4 5 7 13 1 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 5 1 4 12 6 0 0 0 0 14 1 0 4 15 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 6 0 0 12 8 1 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
95 100 94 91
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
50 96 79 155
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
14 183 97 86
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (8.95%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 25 (7.72%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (20.68%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (6.79%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.79%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 19 (5.86%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 9 (2.78%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 9 6 11 27 21 2 6 5 2 8 6 4 0 8 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 6 13 9 1 4 6 7 1 4 10 7 1 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 11 0 2 14 4 0 1 3 3 7 1 0 4 7 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 10 1 0 4 7 0 0 2 4 1 0 0 0 1 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
80 101 79 65
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 96 55 136
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 131 109 70
ND2 (size: 1046 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 38 (10.95%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (6.92%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 46 (13.26%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 76 (21.9%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 27 (7.78%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (6.92%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 10 9 18 27 13 5 13 15 0 2 1 1 0 8 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 7 19 12 0 2 10 3 4 6 15 3 0 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
22 13 3 0 9 11 0 0 4 3 5 0 0 5 4 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 4 1 0 1 9 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
67 113 105 63
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 128 54 127
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
14 137 118 79
ND3 (size: 1046 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 38 (10.95%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (6.92%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 46 (13.26%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 76 (21.9%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 27 (7.78%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (6.92%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 10 9 18 27 13 5 13 15 0 2 1 1 0 8 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 7 19 12 0 2 10 3 4 6 15 3 0 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
22 13 3 0 9 11 0 0 4 3 5 0 0 5 4 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 4 1 0 1 9 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
67 113 105 63
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 128 54 127
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
14 137 118 79
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 43 (9.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 35 (7.63%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 41 (8.93%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 92 (20.04%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 40 (8.71%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (6.1%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.7%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (1.74%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
26 14 19 16 37 25 3 10 8 3 3 0 5 1 6 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 4 6 17 19 1 9 8 6 3 8 14 5 1 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
19 15 0 6 17 3 0 3 6 5 9 3 1 2 6 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 8 4 2 2 7 3 0 3 9 0 0 0 0 0 14
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
94 144 134 88
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
68 138 71 183
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
30 175 153 102
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 15 (15.31%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 11 (11.22%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 25 (25.51%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 0 1 4 12 5 4 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 3 2 8 5 0 1 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 2 0 0 5 2 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
24 37 18 20
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
15 33 13 38
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
8 49 25 17
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 52 (8.5%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 44 (7.19%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 62 (10.13%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 7 (1.14%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (3.43%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 94 (15.36%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 57 (9.31%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (4.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 32 (5.23%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (6.86%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 15 (2.45%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (2.12%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 28 (4.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 18 (2.94%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 21 (3.43%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.63%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
26 31 18 18 38 31 3 3 15 3 5 8 7 1 16 26
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
9 2 5 6 30 16 0 5 12 6 8 9 14 8 1 11
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
38 12 1 8 18 6 1 3 8 5 7 1 1 10 18 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 11 1 3 10 18 3 2 4 4 0 0 0 1 0 14
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
129 164 206 114
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
74 179 119 241
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
33 278 170 132
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 28 (16.18%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 25 (14.45%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 25 (14.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (16.76%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 11 (6.36%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 1 3 0 2 2 6 0 0 8 2 4 11 10 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 2 0 12 0 6 7 5 0 5 18 3 0 1 1 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 2 4 0 0 3 1 1 6 2 0 16 1 0 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
86 17 14 57
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
42 39 19 74
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
71 6 37 60
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11473 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 246 (6.44%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 352 (9.21%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 246 (6.44%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 308 (8.06%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 26 (0.68%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 192 (5.02%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 651 (17.04%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 294 (7.69%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 150 (3.93%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 228 (5.97%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 236 (6.18%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 112 (2.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 122 (3.19%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 77 (2.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 104 (2.72%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 109 (2.85%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 100 (2.62%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 109 (2.85%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 78 (2.04%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 75 (1.96%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
179 115 99 136 219 169 36 70 89 11 64 56 48 24 102 134
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
51 7 19 65 164 112 11 40 84 74 48 59 115 48 6 59
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
136 104 9 44 97 49 5 12 39 40 72 11 21 38 71 29
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
80 88 16 15 62 69 9 7 22 41 5 0 0 6 1 111
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
971 1072 990 789
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
520 1083 696 1523
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
264 1485 1177 896

>NC_025555.1 Oreochromis esculentus mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTAGCGTAGCTTAACTAAAGCATAACACTGAAGATGTTAAGACGGACCCTAGAAAGGTCCCGTAAGCAC
AAAGGCTTGGTCCTGACTTTACTGTCAGCTTTGGCTAAACTTACACATGCAAGTCTCCGCCCCCCTGTGA
GAATGCCCACAGTTTTCTGCCCGAAAACAAGGAGCCGGTATCAGGCACAACCCCGCAGCCCATGACACCT
TGCTTAGCCACACCCTCAAGGGAACTCAGCAGTGATAGACATTAAGCCATGAGTGAAAACTTGACTTAGT
TAAAGCCAAGAGAGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAGAGGCTCAAGTTGATAGACA
TCGGCGTAAAGAGTGGTTAGGAAGTCTTTAAAACTAAAGCCGAACACCCTCAGAACTGTTATACGTACCC
GAGGGCAAGAAGCCCCACTACGAAAGTGACTTTACATCTCCGACCCCACGAAAGCTGCGAAACAAACTGG
GATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCCAGCCCTAAACTTTGATAGCCCGCTACACCCGCTATCCGCCCGGGTACT
ACGAGCACTAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTTTAGACCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTAGAA
CCGATAACCCCCGTTAAACCTCACCCTCTCTTGTTCTTCCCGCCTATATACCGCCGTCGTCAGCTTACCC
TGTGAAGGAGCCACAGTAAGCAGAACTAGTACAACTCAAAACGCCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCATATGAGAGG
GGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTCCCTACCACAGGGAATACGAACAATGTAATGAAACACGCATTAGAAGGAGG
ATTTAGCAGTAAGCAGAAAATAGAGCGTTCCGCTGAAACCGGCCCTGAAGCGCGCACACACCGCCCGTCA
CTCTCCCCAAGCCAACCAGCACCCTATAAATAATACATTATACCGGTAAAGGGGAGGCAAGTCGTAACAT
GGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCGCTTGGAAAAATCAGAGTGTAGCTAAACCAGAAAAGCATCTCCCTTACA
CTGAGAAGTCGCCCGTGCAAATCGGGCCACCCTGACACCCAATAGCTAGCCCCCCCATCAACCCCAAACA
CACCCTATCTATACCCCCAAACACACCACCACCCAACAAACAAACCATTTTTCCACCTAAGTACGGGCGA
CGGAAAAGGACCTAGGAGCAACAGAGAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAACTGAAAGAGAAGTGAAACAACCCAG
TAAAGTACTAAAAAGCAGAGATCACCTCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTTAGCCAGAAAACCTTAAGCA
AAAAGCATTATAGTTTAATACCCCGAAACTAAGCGAGCTACTCCAAGACAGTCTAATTTATAGGACCACC
CCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGGAGAACTTTGAGTAGAGGTGACAGACCTACCGAGCCTAGTTATAGC
TGGTTGCCTGAGAATTGAATAGAAGTTCAGCCCTTTAAATTCTCCTTTCCTGTAGGCCCAAGGCCTCCCT
ACCGAACAAAAGAAGCTAAAAGAGTTAGTCAAAGGGGGTACAGCCCCTTTGAAACAAGATACAACTTTCC
AAGGAGGGTAAAGATCACAACAAACCTAAAGGTCTAGTGTCCTAGTGGGCCTAAAAGCAGCCACCTACTT
AGAAAGCGTTAAAGCTCGAACATTACATACCAACCTTTTAATAAAGACAACATAATCTCACCCCCCTAAA
CCTATCAGGCCGTTCCATAAAAATTATGGAAGCGTTTATGCTAATATGAGTAATAAGAGAAGTCCCCTTC
TCTCCCCGCACAAGTGTAACTCGGAACGAACCATTCACCGACCATTAACGGCCCCAAAACAAAGAGGGCA
CTAGACAAAAAATAAACAACTAGAAAACCACCCAACCCCTTACCGTTAATCCCACACTGGTGTGCCAACT
GGGAAAGACTAAAAGGAAAAGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGCCT
CTCGTTCCCCAAACATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACTATAAGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATTTTGACC
GTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGAAGACCTGTATGAATGGCATAACGAGGGCTTAACT
GTCTCCTTTCCCCAGTCAATGAAATTGATCTCCCCGTGCAGAAGCGAGGATACAAACATAAGACGAGAAG
ACCCTATGGAGCTTCAGACGCCAGAACAGACCATGTTAAACACCCCTGAAACAAAAGATAAAACTGATTG
GCCCCTGTTCTAATGTCTTTGGTTGGGGCGACCGCGGGGCAACAAAAAACCCCCATGTGGGCCGGGAGCA
CACTACTCCTACAACCCAGAGTTACAACTCCAAGCAACAGAATTTCTGACCAATAAGATCCGGTACATAG
CCGATCAACGGACCGAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTCTTTTAGAGCCCATATCGACAAGAGG
GTTTACGACCTCAATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAAC
GATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGCCACGATCT
TTTCTAGTACGAAAGGACCGAAAAGGAGGGGCCCCTGTTCTCAACACGCCCCACCCTCACCTATTGAAAC
CAACTAAAATAGATAAAAGAGCGTACCCCCTAACCCAAGAAAATGGCTTGTTAAAGTGGCAGAGCCCGGA
CATTGCAAAAGACCTAAGCCCTTTCCACGGAGGTTCAAGTCCTCCCTTTAACTATGCTCTCAACACTAAT
TTCATCCATCCTCAACCCCCTGATCCTAATTGTATTCGTTCTACTGACCGTCGCACTCCTCACCCTCGTT
GAACGAAAAGTCCTTGGCTACATGCAGCTACGAAAAGGACCAAACGTTGTAGGCCCTTACGGCCTCCTTC
AACCAATTGCAGACGGACTAAAACTTTTTTTAAAAGAACCTGTTTGACCCTCCACCTCCTCCCCCGTCCT
CTTCCTCTTCACTCCCATACTAGCCCTCACCCTAGCCCTCACCCTTTGAACTCCAATACCCCTCCCCTTC
CCGATAGCAGACCTCAATCTTGGTATCCTTTTTATTCATGCTCTCTCCAGCTTAGCGGTCTATTCTATCC
TTGGTTCAGGATGAGCCTCCAATTCAAAATACGCCTTAATTGGGGCCCTCCGAGCTGTTGCACAGACTAT
TTCCTACGAAGTCAGCCTAGGACTAATTCTTCTAAACGCCATCATCTTCACTGGAGGCTTTACCCTACAA
ACATTCAGCGTCGCTCAAGAAAGTATTTGATTAATTTTTCCCGCCTGACCTTTAGCCGCTATATGGTACA
TTTCCACACTTGCAGAGACAAACCGGGCCCCCTTCGACCTCACAGAAGGCGAATCCGAACTCGTTTCCGG
ATTTAACGTAGAATATGCAGGAGGTCCTTTTGCCCTCTTCTTCCTCGCCGAATACGCTAATATCCTCCTA
ATAAACACACTCTCTGCAACACTATTTTTAGGTGCCTCCATTCTACACACAACCCCAGAAATTACTACAA
CAAATCTTATGATGAAAGCAACCCTCCTCTCCGTTCTCTTCCTATGAGTTCGCGCTTCCTACCCCCGATT
TCGCTATGACCAACTCATACACCTAATCTGAAAAAACTTCCTCCCACTAACCCTCGCCCTAGTAATCTGA
CACCTCTCCCTTCCAATTGCACTAACAGGCCTACCCCCACAACTATAGTCCGGAGTTGTGCCTGAAATAA
AGGGCCACTTTGATAGAGTGAACCATGAGGGTTAAAGTCCCTCCAACTCCTTAGAAAGAAGGGGCTCGAA
CCCTACCTGAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTAGTGCTTCCACTACACCACTTCCTAGTAAAGTCAGCTAAATAAG
CTTTTGGGCCCATACCCCAAACATGTTGGTTAAACTCCTTCCTTTGCTAATGAACCCTTACATCTTAGCC
ATTCTTCTCTTTGGCTTAGGCCTTGGCACCACAATTACATTTGCTAGCTCACACTGACTCCTCGCCTGAA
TAGGACTTGAGATAAATACGCTAGCCATTATTCCCCTAATAGCTCAACACCACCACCCCCGAGCTGTCGA
AGCTACAACCAAATATTTTTTAACCCAAGCTGCTGCAGCAGCCACCCTTCTATTTGCAAGCATCACTAAC
GCCTGACTGACAGGCCAATGAGAAATTCAACAAATTACACACCCCCCCCCAACCACCATAATTACCCTCG
CCCTCGCCCTCAAAATCGGTTTAGCCCCTCTTCATGCATGACTCCCCGAAGTTCTGCAAGGACTAGACCT
TACTACAGGTTTAATTCTTTCAACCTGACAAAAACTCGCCCCCTTCGCCCTGATTCTTCAAATCCAACCT
TCAAATTCAACCACCCTCATTATTTTAGGCCTCGCATCCACCCTCATTGGAGGCTGAGGGGGGCTAAATC
AAACACAACTCCGTAAAATCCTAGCATATTCATCAATCGCCCATCTAGGCTGAATAATTCTTGTTTTACA
ATTTTCCCCTTCCATCACGCTCCTTGCCCTTCTAACTTACCTCATCATAACATCCTCAACATTTCTAGTA
TTTAAACTCAACAAATCCACAAATATCAATACTCTTGCCACATCCTGAGCAAAAGCCCCCGCCCTCACAG
CTCTTACCCCCCTCATTCTCCTCTCATTAGGGGGGCTCCCCCCTCTCACAGGCTTTATACCAAAATGACT
GATTCTTCAAGAATTAACCAAACAAGGCCTTGCCCCCACCGCAACCCTGGCAGCCCTTTCAGCACTCCTT
AGCCTATATTTCTACTTACGCCTCTCCTACGCAATAACCCTCACTATTTCCCCTAACAGCCTTCTAGGCA
CCACCCCCTGACGCTTACCCTCCACCCAACTAACTTACCCCCTCGCCACTTCAACTGCAATAACGATTTG
CCTCCTACCACTCACCCCCACCATCTCAGCCTTATTAACCCCCTAAGGGGCTTAGGATAGTACCCAGACC
AAGGGCCTTCAAAGCCCTAAGCGGGAGTGAAAATCTCCCAGCCCCTGTTAAGACTTGCGGGACACTAACC
CACATCTTCTGCATGCAAAACAGACACTTTAATTAAGCTAAAGCCTTACTAGACAGGAAGGCCTCGATCC
TACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCTTAAACCAACAAGCATCTATCTGCCCTTTCCCCGCCCGCCTC
AAAATGGGCGGGGAAAGCCCCGGCAGGGGCTAACCTGCTACTTCAGATTTGCAATCTGACATGTGAAACA
CCTCGGGGCTTGATAAGAAGAGGACTTGAACCTCTGTACATGGGGCTACAATCCACCGCTTGACGCTCAG
CCATCTTACCTGTGGCAATCACACGTTGACTCTTCTCAACTAATCACAAAGGCATCGGCACCCTCTATCT
AGTATTTGGTGCTTGGGCCGGAATAGTAGGAACTGCACTAAGCCTCCTAATTCGGGCAGAACTGAGCCAA
CCCGGCTCTCTCCTCGGAGACGATCAGATTTATAATGTAATTGTTACAGCACATGCTTTCGTAATAATTT
TCTTTATAGTAATGCCAATCATGATTGGAGGCTTTGGAAACTGACTAGTGCCGCTTATAATTGGTGCCCC
AGACATGGCCTTCCCTCGAATAAATAACATGAGTTTTTGACTCCTTCCCCCCTCATTTCTCCTCCTCCTC
GCCTCATCTGGAGTCGAAGCAGGTGCCGGTACAGGATGAACTGTTTACCCACCACTCGCAGGCAATCTTG
CCCACGCTGGGCCTTCTGTTGACTTAACCATCTTCTCCCTCCATTTGGCGGGAGTGTCATCTATTCTAGG
CGCAATTAATTTTATTACAACTATTATTGACATAAAACCCCCTGCTATTTCTCAGTATCAAACACCCCTA
TTTGTGTGATCCGTTCTAATTACCGCAGTACTACTCCTACTATCCCTGCCCGTTCTTGCCGCCGGCATTA
CAATACTTCTAACAGATCGAAACCTCAACACAACCTTCTTTGACCCTGCCGGAGGAGGAGACCCCATCCT
TTACCAACACTTATTCTGATTCTTTGGACACCCTGAAGTCTATATTCTTATCCTCCCCGGTTTTGGAATA
ATCTCCCACATTGTTGCCTACTATGCAGGCAAAAAAGAGCCTTTCGGGTATATAGGAATGGTCTGAGCCA
TAATGGCTATCGGCCTCCTAGGGTTTATTGTTTGAGCCCACCACATGTTTACCGTAGGGATGGACGTAGA
CACACGGGCTTACTTTACTTCCGCCACAATAATTATTGCCATTCCAACCGGAGTAAAAGTCTTCAGCTGA
CTAGCCACTCTGCATGGCGGAGCCATTAAGTGAGAAACCCCTCTCCTATGGGCGCTGGGTTTCATTTTCC
TCTTTACAGTTGGAGGTTTAACCGGAATTGTTCTAGCCAATTCTTCTCTAGACATCATACTTCACGACAC
ATACTATGTCGTTGCCCACTTCCACTATGTTCTCTCAATAGGAGCCGTTTTCGCCATTGTTGCCGGCTTC
GTCCACTGATTCCCTCTATTCTCAGGATACACGCTTCACGACACTTGGACTAAAATCCACTTCGGAGTCA
TATTTATTGGGGTCAACCTTACTTTCTTCCCACAACACTTCCTAGGACTGGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATA
TTCTGACTACCCCGACGCCTACACCCTTTGAAACACAATTTCTTCTATTGGCTCAATAATTTCAATAGTT
GCAGTAATTATATTTTTATTTATTATCTGAGAAGCATTCGCCGCTAAACGAGAAGTCTTATCAGTGGAAC
TTACAGCAACAAACGTAGAATGACTTCACGGCTGCCCTCCCCCCTACCACACCTTTGAAGAGCCTGCTTT
CGTCCAAGTTCAACAAGCCTGATTAGACTACGAAAAATCTGCTCCCGCCCCCTCAAAACCCCATTAACGA
GAAAGGGAGGAATTGAACCCCCATAAACTGGTTTCAAGCCAGCCACATAACCACTCTGTCACTTTCTTCA
TAAGACACTAGTAAAATTGGTTATTACATCGCCTTGTCAAGGCAAAATTGCGGGTTTGAGCCCCGCGTGT
CTTACAACAATGGCACATCCCTCCCAACTAGGATTCCAAGATGCAGCTTCACCTGTAATAGAAGAACTTC
TTCACTTCCACGATCACGCCCTAATAATCGTCTTCCTAATTAGCACCCTCGTGCTTTACATTATTGTGGC
CATAGTAACAACTAAACTTACTAACAAATTTATCCTGGACTCTCAAGAAATCGAAATCATTTGAACCTTG
CTTCCAGCCATTATCCTAATTCTCATTGCCCTTCCCTCCCTACGCATTCTTTATCTCATGGACGAAATTA
ATGACCCACACCTCACAATTAAAGCCATAGGCCACCAATGATACTGAAGCTATGAATACACTGACTATGA
AGACCTCGGCTTCGACTCTTATATGGTCCCCACACAAGACTTAGCCCCAGGACAATTCCGCCTCCTAGAA
ACAGACCATCGAATAGTGGTTCCAGTTGAATCCCCCATTCGCATTCTAATCTCAGCTGAAGACGTACTTC
ACTCCTGAGCTGTCCCAAGTCTAGGAGTAAAAGTGGACGCCGTCCCAGGACGTCTAAACCAAACAGCATT
TATTGCATCCCGCCCCGGAGTCTTCTACGGACAATGCTCTGAAATTTGCGGTGCAAACCACAGCTTTATA
CCTATCGTAGTAGAAGCAGTCCCACTAGAACACTTTGAAAACTGATCATCCTTAATACTTGAAGACGCTT
CACTAAGAAGCTAAATAGGGAATAGCGTTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAAGATTGGTGGCCCCCGCCCACCCCTA
GTGAGATGCCACAACTTAACCCCGCCCCTTGATTTGCCATCCTAGTCTTCTCTTGATTAATTTTCCTAAC
AGTCATCCCCCCAAAAGTTCTAGCACACACTTTCCCAAATGACCCTACTCTCCAAAGCACAGAAAAACCC
AAAACAGAGCCCTGAACTTGACCATGACACTAAGCTTTTTTGACCAATTTATGAGCCCCACATACCTGGG
AATCCCCTTAATTGCCCTTGCTCTCAGCCTACCTTGAATTCTCTACCCAAAACCAGCCACACGTTGATTA
AACAACCGCCTCATCACACTCCAAGGATGATTTATCAACCGTTTTACCCAACAAATTTTTCAACCCTTAA
GCTTAGAAGGCCATAAATGAGCTGCCCTTCTCGCTTCCCTCATACTCTTTCTTATTACCTTAAACATACT
TGGCCTTCTACCCTACACCTTCACCCCCACAACACAACTTTCTCTCAACATAGCTTTTGCTGTCCCTCTC
TGACTTGCAACAGTCATTATTGGAATACGAAATCAACCCACACATGCACTAGGCCACCTTCTGCCAGAAG
GCACCCCAACCCCCCTCATCCCCATCCTTATTATTATCGAAACAATTAGCCTATTTATCCGGCCCCTCGC
ACTTGGAGTTCGACTAACCGCAAATCTAACAGCTGGCCATCTTTTAATTCAACTCATCGCCACCGCCGCC
TTCGTTCTTCTCCCCCTCATGCCCACAGTGGCAATCCTGACTGCAGTACTACTCTTTCTATTAACCCTCC
TGGAAGTCGCAGTAGCCATGATTCAGGCCTATGTCTTTGTCCTTCTTTTAAGCCTTTATCTACAAGAAAA
CGTTTAATGGCCCATCAAGCACACGCATATCACATAGTTGACCCCAGCCCATGACCCCTAACAGGCGCCG
TAGCCGCCCTCCTAATAACCTCCGGTTTAGCAATCTGAATGCACTTCCACAATACAACCTTAATAACCCT
AGGCCTAATTCTCCTTCTCCTAACAATATACCAATGATGACGAGATATCATCCGAGAAGGGACATTCCAA
GGACACCACACCCCTCCTGTCCAAAAAGGCCTTCGATACGGAATAATCCTCTTCATTACCTCAGAAGTTT
TCTTTTTTCTAGGCTTCTTCTGAGCCTTTTACCACTCTAGCCTCGCCCCCACCCCTGAGTTAGGAGGCTG
CTGACCCCCCACAGGAATCACCCCGCTTGATCCCTTCGAAGTACCACTACTTAACACAGCCGTCCTACTG
GCTTCTGGAGTTACAGTTACCTGAGCTCACCATAGTATTATAGAAGGACATCGAAAAGAAGCTATTCAAT
CCCTCGCCCTAACTATTCTCTTAGGCTTCTACTTCACCTTCCTCCAAGCCATGGAATACTACGAAGCCCC
CTTCACAATTGCAGATGGGGTTTATGGCTCCACCTTCTTCGTGGCAACTGGCTTCCATGGACTTCACGTA
ATTATTGGCTCCACCTTCTTGGCCGTCTGCCTTCTACGACAAGTCCAATACCACTTTACATCAGAACATC
ACTTTGGATTCGAAGCAGCTGCCTGATACTGACACTTTGTAGACGTTGTCTGGCTATTCCTCTACATCTC
AATTTACTGATGAGGCTCATATCTTTCTAGTATCAAAACTAGTACATGTGACTTCCAATCACTTAGTCTT
GGTTAAAATCCAAGGAAAGATAATGAATTTAATCACAACGATACTTATTATTTCCATCACCCTCTCCACT
ATTCTAGCCATTGTCTCTTTTTGACTCCCCCAAATAACCCCCGATCATGAAAAGCTCTCCCCCTACGAGT
GTGGCTTCGACCCCCTAGGGTCCGCCCGCTTACCCTTCTCCCTTCGCTTCTTCCTCGTTGCAATTCTCTT
TCTCCTATTTGACCTGGAAATCGCACTACTTCTTCCTCTCCCCTGAGGAGACCAACTCTCTTCCCCTCTC
ACAACATTTGTCTGGGCCTTCGCTGTACTTGTCCTCCTTACCCTTGGGTTAATTTATGAATGAATTCAAG
GCGGCCTAGAATGAGCCGAATAGGCTGTTAGTTTAAGAAAGACCCTTGATTTCGGCTCAAGAACTTGTGG
TTAAAGTCCACAACCGTCTAATGACTCCCACACATTTCGCTTTCTCCGCAACCTTCCTCCTAGGCCTAGC
AGGCCTGGCATTCCACCGAACTCACCTTCTCTCCGCCCTCCTCTGCCTGGAAGGTATAATGCTCTCACTC
TTTATTGCCCTCTCCCTGTGAACTCTCCAACTCAACTCCGCCAGTTTCTCAGCCTCCCCCATGCTTCTTC
TGGCCTTTTCGGCCTGCGAAGCAAGCGCCGGCCTCGCACTACTCGTTGCTACTGCCCGAACCCACGGAAC
AGACCGCCTTCAAAGCCTAAACCTCCTACAATGCTAAAAATCCTCCTCCCTACTATTATGCTTATCCCCA
CTATTTGAGCTATCCCCACCAAACACCTCTGATCCACCGCCCTTTCATATAGCCTGCTCATCTCTTTAAT
TAGCCTAACCTGACTAAAATCCTCCACAGAGGCAGGTTGGTCATTTCTCAGCCCTTACATAGCAACCGAC
CCTCTCTCCACCCCCCTTCTTGCATTAACCTGCCGACTTCTGCCCCTCATGATCCTTGCAAGTCAAAACC
ACACAGCGCCTGAGCCTATCCCCCGCCAACGAACCTACATCACCCTCCTCACATCTCTCCAGATCTTCCT
CATCATAGCTTTTGGCGCAACCGAGGCAATTATATTTTATATTATATTTGAAGCTACCCTTATTCCAACC
CTCATCATTATTACCCGCTGAGGTAATCAGACAGAACGACTAAACGCAGGGACTTACTTTCTATTTTATA
CATTAGCAGGCTCCCTCCCCCTCCTTGTTGCCCTCCTATTACTCCAAAACAGCACTGGAACCTTATCCCT
TTTAACACTACAGTACGCCCCCTCCATACAACTTTCTTCTTTCGCCGATAAGCTATGATGGGCCGGCTGC
TTACTCGCCTTCCTAGTAAAGATACCACTCTACGGGGCCCACCTCTGACTTCCTAAAGCACACGTTGAAG
CCCCAATCGCAGGTTCTATGGTACTAGCCGCAGTGCTACTAAAACTAGGGGGTTATGGAATGATACGAAT
AATAATTATATTAGAGCCCCTCACCAAAGAACTCAGTTATCCCTTCATTATCTTCGCTCTCTGAGGTGTA
ATTATAACAGGCTCCATTTGCCTCCGCCAAACAGATCTAAAATCCCTCATTGCCTACTCCTCAGTAAGCC
ATATAGGCCTCGTAGCAGCAGGTATTCTAATTCAAACCCCCTGAGGATTCACAGGCGCCCTCATTCTAAT
AATCGCCCACGGTCTAACTTCTTCCGCCCTCTTCTGCTTAGCTAATACAAACTACGAACGAACACACAGT
CGAACTATAATCTTAGCCCGAGGTCTCCAAATGGTTCTTCCCCTCATAACCGCATGATGATTCATTGCCA
GCCTCGCAAACCTTGCACTTCCCCCTCTTCCTAACCTAATAGGAGAACTAATAATTATTACCTCCCTATT
CCACTGATCCTGATGAACAATTGCACTCACAGGAGCTGGAACCCTGATTACTGCAGGCTACTCCCTATAC
ATGTTCCTCATAACACAACGAGGCCCGCTACCAGCACATATTATTTCCCTCGACCCAACACACTCCCGAG
AACACCTACTCATAGCCCTCCATCTCTTGCCCCTCATTCTTCTAATTTCCAAGCCCGAACTAATTTGAGG
TTGGACCGCCTGTAGGTATAGTTTAACAAAAATATTAGATTGTGATTCTAAAGACAGAGGTTAAAACCCC
CTTATCCACCGAGAGAGGTTGACAACAACAAAGACTGCTAATCTTTGCCCCTTGGGTTAAACTCCCAAGC
TCACTCGCCCTGCTTCTAAAGGATAACAGCTCATCCGATGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAA
TCCAAGTAGCAGCTATGCACCTCACCTCCACCATGATAGCCACCAGCCTAATCATTATTTTTCTACTACT
TGCATTCCCTGTTCTTTCCTCCCTCTCCCCTCGTCCCCTTCCCCCTGACTGAGCCCTCACCCAGGTTAAA
ACAGCAGTAAAATGAGCCTTCTTTGTCAGCATCCTCCCTCTTTGCCTCTTCCTCAACGAAGGCGCAGAAG
CAATTATTACCACTTGAACTTGAATAAATACCCACACCTTTGATATTAGTATCAGTCTCAAATTTGACAT
CTATTCAATTATCTTTACCCCTGTCGCCCTCTATGTCACCTGATCTATTCTAGAATTTGCCTCCTGATAC
ATGCACGCCGACCCAAACATAAATCGCTTTTTTAAATATCTACTAATCTTCCTCATTGCTATAATTATCC
TTGTAACCGCAAACAACATATTCCAACTGTTCATCGGGTGGGAAGGCGTCGGAATTATGTCCTTCCTCCT
CATTGGTTGATGATACGGCCGTGCAGATGCAAACACCGCCGCCCTCCAAGCAGTCATCTACAACCGAGTA
GGGGACATCGGCCTCATTTTCGCTATAGCTTGAATCGCAACCTCGCTTAACTCCTGAGAAATACAACAAA
TGTTCACCTTATCCAAAGACTTCGACCTAACTTATCCCCTCATCGGGCTCATCATCGCTGCCACCGGTAA
ATCTGCACAGTTCGGCCTCCACCCCTGACTTCCTTCTGCCATAGAAGGTCCCACACCGGTCTCTGCCCTA
CTGCATTCCAGCACCATGGTAGTAGCAGGCATCTTTCTCCTTATCCGCATAAGTCCCATGCTAGAAAATA
ACCAAACCGCCCTAACTACCTGTCTCTGCTTGGGGGCCCTCACCACTCTCTTTACCGCCACCTGCGCCCT
CACTCAAAATGACATCAAGAAAATCGTTGCCTTTTCAACATCAAGCCAACTAGGCCTAATAATAGTGACA
ATCGGTCTCAATCAACCACAACTTGCCTTCCTCCACACCTGCACCCACGCATTCTTCAAGGCCATGCTTT
TCCTTTGTTCAGGGTCTATTATCCACAGCCTAAACGACGAGCAAGACATTCGAAAAATAGGGGGGATACA
CCACCTAACCCCCTTTACATCCTCCTGCCTAACCATTGGAAGCCTCGCCCTAACAGGAACCCCCTTCCTA
GCAGGGTTCTTTTCAAAAGATGCCATCATTGAAGCCCTAAACACATCTTACCTAAACGCCTGAGCCCTCT
TCCTCACCCTCCTAGCCACTTCTTTCACCGCCATCTACAGCCTTCGAGTAATTTTCTTTGTCTCAATAGG
CCACCCCCGCTTCAACCCCCTCTCCCCTATCAACGAAAACAATCCAACAGTTATTAATCCCATCAAACGA
CTCGCCTGAGGAAGCATTATCGCCGGCCTTCTAATTACCTCCAACATCACCCCCCTAAAAACACCAGTTA
TGTCCATACCTACTCTTCTCAAAACTGCCGCCCTTGCAGTAACTATCATTGGCCTTCTTACCGCACTAGA
ACTCGCCTCCCTAACCAACAAACAATACAAACCAATCCCAAAACTTTCTCCCCACCATTTCTCCAATATA
CTAGGATTCTTCCCAATAGTCATTCATCGCCTCACCCCCAAACTGAATTTAACTTTAGGACAAACCATTG
CTTCCCAAACAATCGACCAGACATGACTAGAAAAAATTGGCCCAAAAGCAACCACCACCCTCAACCTCCC
TCTAATTACAACGATCAACAATATTCAACAAGGTATAATCAAGACCTACCTCTCCCTCTTCTTTTTTACC
TTCGGCCTAGCTCTCCTACTACTACTCTATTAAACAGCTCGAAGAGCCCCTCGACCTAGCCCCCGCGTTA
ACTCCAACACCACAAGCAACGTTAACAATAACACTCAAGCCCCCAAGACCAAAACACCCCCACCTGCCGA
ATACATCAAAGCTACCCCTCCCACATCCCCTCGAAAAACAGAAAATTCAGCAAACTCATCAGCAGCCACT
CAAGCCCCCTCATATCACCCCCCTCAAAACAACCCTGCCGCCGCACACACCCCCACCAGATAAGCCACCA
TCACCCCCAAAACAGGTCAGCTACCTCAACTCTCCGGGTAAGGTTCAGCAGCTAACGCTGCCGAATATGC
AAACACAACCAACATTCCTCCCAAATAAATTAAAAATAAAACCAAAGACAAAAAAGACCCCCCATGCCCT
ACCAATACCCCACATCCCATCCCTGCCACCGCAACCAGTCCCAACGCTGCAAAGTATGGCGAAGGATTAG
AAGCAACCGCCGCAAGACCTAGTACCAACCCAAACAAGAATATAAACATAATATAGACCATAGTTTCTGC
CAGGACTTTAACCAGGACTAATGACTTGAAAAACCACCGTTGTTATTCAACTACAAAAACAATAATGGCC
AACCTCCGAAAAACCCACCCCCTCCTAAAAATTGCAAACGACGCACTAGTTGACCTCCCTACCCCCTCAA
ACATTTCCGTTTGATGAAACTTTGGGTCTCTACTAGGCCTCTGTCTAGCTGCCCAAATCCTGACGGGCCT
CTTTCTAGCCATACACTACACCTCCGACATCGCCACAGCCTTTTCCTCCGTCGCCCACATTTGCCGAGAC
GTAAACTACGGCTGACTTATTCGAAACATACATGCCAACGGCGCATCTTTCTTCTTCATTTGTATTTACC
TTCACATTGGGCGAGGCCTGTACTACGGCTCCTACCTGCACAAAGAAACCTGAAACATTGGAGTTATCCT
TCTCCTCCTAACTATAATAACAGCCTTCGTAGGTTACGTCCTCCCATGAGGACAAATATCATTCTGAGGT
GCCACCGTCATTACCAACCTTCTCTCCGCAGTTCCCTACATTGGCAATTCCTTAGTCCAATGAATCTGAG
GGGGGTTCTCCGTAGACAATGCCACCCTGACTCGCTTTTTCGCCTTCCATTTCCTTCTCCCCTTCATTAT
TGCAGCCGCAACAATAGTTCACCTAATCTTTCTTCACGAAACTGGTTCCAACAACCCCACAGGCCTAAAC
TCAGACGCCGACAAAATCTCATTTCACCCCTACTTTTCTTACAAAGACTTATTAGGCTTCGCAATTCTTT
TAATCGCCCTTATTTCTTTAGCCCTCTTCTCCCCCAATCTGCTCGGTGACCCTGACAACTTCACCCCCGC
AAATCCTCTAGCTACTCCTCCCCACATTAAGCCCGAATGATACTTCCTATTTGCCTACGCCATCCTACGC
TCAATTCCTAACAAACTTGGGGGAGTCCTTGCCCTCCTATTCTCAATCCTTGTCTTAATAGTTATTCCCA
TTCTTCACACCTCCAAACAACGAGGCCTAACCTTCCGCCCTATCACACAATTCTTATTCTGACTTTTAGT
TGCAGACGTTGCCATCCTCACTTGAATTGGAGGTATACCTGTTGAACATCCCTTCGACATCATTGGCCAA
ATTGCATCCTTCCTCTACTTCTTCCTCTTCCTTATTCTCGTCCCCGTCACCGGCTGGCTAGAAAACAAAA
TCCTTGAATGATACTGCACTAGTAGCTCAGCGCCAGAGCGCCGGTCTTGTAAACCGGATGTCGAAGGTTA
AAGTCCTTCCTACTGCTTCAAAGAAAAGGGATTTTAACCCTTACCCCTAACTCCCAAAGCTAGGATTCTA
ACTTAAACTATTCTTTGCCGAGCTCTGCCTTCATGTAAAATGCAATGCATATATGTATTATCACCATTAT
TTTATATCAAACATATCCTATATATAAATACACACATCTCTTAAAAAACATAGATTGTTCCCCCACATAC
TTGTCACCAACATTTACAACGAAGAAAAACATAAACCAATAAATGAAATCTTCCAATAACATTTTTAAAC
CACTGAACGACAGTTTAAGACCGAACACAACTCTCACATAGTTAAGATATACCAAGTACCCACCATCCTA
TACTTCCGAATTATTTAATGTAGTAAGAGCCCACCATCAGTTGATTTCTTAATGTCAACAGTTCTTGAAG
GTCAAGGACAGTTATTTGTGGGGGTTTCACTAATTGAACTATTCCTGGCATCTGGTTCCTATTTCAGGTC
CAATAATTGTTATAATCCCCCATTCTTTCATTGACGCTTGCATAAGTTAATGGTGTTAATACATACTCCT
CGTTACCCACCATGCCGGGCGTTCTCTCCACAGGGGTGGGGGGTTCTCTTTTTTTTTTTCCTTTCATCTG
GCATCTCACAGTGCATACAGAAATGACAGACAAGGTTGAACATTTTCCTTGTTGGAAGTAAATAGTATGA
ATGGTGATAAGATATTTATAGAAGAACTGCATAACTGATATCTAGAGCATAAAATTTAATCAAAATTTTA
ATTTTCTCCTAGTTTTCTATTAGCCTTCGGTTTTTGCGCGCGTAAACCCCCCCTACCCCCCCCAAACTCC
TAAGATCTCTAATACTCCTGCAAACCCCCCGGAAACAGGAAAAGCTCTAGAAATGTTTTTTAGCGCTTTA
ATATATGCATGCAATATTACTTAATGTGTGTATATGTAGTACTATCAATGCACGGGTCATATATCCAATG
TGTGTATATTATACTATTATAATATTACACAT


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.