Viewing data for Gadus morhua


Scientific name Gadus morhua
Common name Atlantic cod
Maximum lifespan 25.00 years (Gadus morhua@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16696 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7071 9625 4273 2798 4941 4684
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 424 576 256 168 296 281
Base content (%) 42.4% 57.6%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11406 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 4770 6636 3004 1766 3607 3029
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 418 582 263 155 316 266
Base content (%) 41.8% 58.2%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1557 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 712 845 395 317 376 469
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 254 204 241 301
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2619 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1165 1454 617 548 602 852
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 445 555 236 209 230 325
Base content (%) 44.5% 55.5%
12S rRNA gene (size: 950 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 433 517 225 208 215 302
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 456 544 237 219 226 318
Base content (%) 45.6% 54.4%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1669 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 732 937 392 340 387 550
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 439 561 235 204 232 330
Base content (%) 43.9% 56.1%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 260 424 175 85 244 180
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 380 620 256 124 357 263
Base content (%) 38.0% 62.0%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 71 97 55 16 44 53
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 423 577 327 95 262 315
Base content (%) 42.3% 57.7%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 657 894 381 276 499 395
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 424 576 246 178 322 255
Base content (%) 42.4% 57.6%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 279 412 171 108 207 205
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 404 596 247 156 300 297
Base content (%) 40.4% 59.6%
COX3 (size: 786 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 342 444 209 133 247 197
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 435 565 266 169 314 251
Base content (%) 43.5% 56.5%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 479 662 302 177 379 283
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 420 580 265 155 332 248
Base content (%) 42.0% 58.0%
ND1 (size: 972 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 426 546 262 164 313 233
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 438 562 270 169 322 240
Base content (%) 43.8% 56.2%
ND2 (size: 1047 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 438 609 292 146 324 285
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 418 582 279 139 309 272
Base content (%) 41.8% 58.2%
ND3 (size: 349 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 148 201 94 54 121 80
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 424 576 269 155 347 229
Base content (%) 42.4% 57.6%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 561 820 353 208 462 358
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 406 594 256 151 335 259
Base content (%) 40.6% 59.4%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 139 158 93 46 89 69
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 468 532 313 155 300 232
Base content (%) 46.8% 53.2%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 736 1103 466 270 588 515
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 400 600 253 147 320 280
Base content (%) 40.0% 60.0%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 240 282 155 85 95 187
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 460 540 297 163 182 358
Base content (%) 46.0% 54.0%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 53 (23.35%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 3 10 13 9 15 0 16 7 1 6 3 4 2 8 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 6 6 6 0 4 3 4 0 12 2 3 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 9 0 3 2 3 0 2 3 2 1 1 0 7 1 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
48 73 62 45
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
27 60 30 111
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
10 42 88 88
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWFMIFMFTWAIFLTILPPKVMAHTFPNEPSPQGMTTPKTAPWNWPWH*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 11 (20.0%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 1 3 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 6 3 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
7 17 19 13
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 22 11 17
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
3 16 23 14
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 46 (8.91%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 48 (9.3%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (5.23%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 36 (6.98%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 38 (7.36%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (12.21%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 40 (7.75%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.13%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 14 (2.71%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
33 7 19 16 13 20 3 11 6 2 8 8 18 4 19 23
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
9 1 0 17 12 18 1 13 11 11 11 9 11 6 2 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 21 1 12 4 6 1 1 3 7 11 0 0 9 5 11
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 7 4 8 7 8 0 2 2 3 2 0 0 0 1 17
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
158 116 130 113
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
77 135 94 211
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
41 130 171 175
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 17 (7.42%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (7.42%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 28 (12.23%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (9.61%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.8%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.55%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 5 8 8 3 8 0 9 7 1 6 6 5 0 6 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 2 0 1 7 9 1 2 2 5 0 3 5 5 1 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 3 0 3 3 8 0 1 2 5 4 0 0 2 2 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 11 4 4 9 3 1 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 57 53 48
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 55 63 87
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 59 89 71
COX3 (size: 786 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (8.43%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (8.05%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (4.98%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 25 (9.58%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (6.51%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 32 (12.26%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 14 (5.36%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (2.68%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.2%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 6 (2.3%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 9 (3.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.68%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.51%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.3%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 6 5 11 3 6 1 11 5 2 3 7 6 1 13 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 1 8 2 11 0 4 12 4 2 3 7 2 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 11 0 2 2 6 0 1 2 8 4 1 0 1 0 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 6 3 3 3 2 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 63 52 72
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
45 68 55 94
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 78 90 81
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 24 (6.33%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 33 (8.71%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 58 (15.3%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (3.69%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 34 (8.97%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (1.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 19 (5.01%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 11 10 16 13 15 2 11 6 0 12 5 14 2 12 22
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 2 1 8 12 8 0 8 8 9 1 6 10 6 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 8 2 5 4 9 1 0 2 11 2 1 1 15 4 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 5 2 7 3 5 3 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
104 94 89 93
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
51 93 75 161
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
22 115 119 124
ND1 (size: 972 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (5.26%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 32 (9.91%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (8.98%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (6.81%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (7.43%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 59 (18.27%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 17 (5.26%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (3.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 18 (5.57%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (4.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.48%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.24%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (3.72%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (3.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.86%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (0.93%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.17%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.48%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 3 7 14 14 14 4 9 4 2 11 1 9 3 13 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 8 11 13 0 3 7 3 4 8 8 4 2 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 10 2 5 9 7 2 5 1 7 6 2 4 6 4 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 10 2 3 1 4 3 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 1 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
89 85 73 77
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
40 99 56 129
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
35 78 104 107
ND2 (size: 1047 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 16 (4.6%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (11.21%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (8.33%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 38 (10.92%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 66 (18.97%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (8.05%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 17 (4.89%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 20 (5.75%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.6%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 6 (1.72%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.16%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.16%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 14 (4.02%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.3%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 11 9 13 9 16 5 21 12 2 1 1 6 1 12 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 0 1 13 12 13 1 4 6 4 2 9 6 5 0 11
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
12 11 4 11 3 7 1 2 5 5 1 2 2 6 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 2 2 2 2 6 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 88 109 80
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 119 55 136
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
35 85 121 108
ND3 (size: 1047 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 16 (4.6%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (11.21%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (8.33%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 38 (10.92%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 66 (18.97%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (8.05%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 17 (4.89%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 20 (5.75%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.6%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 6 (1.72%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.16%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (3.16%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 14 (4.02%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.3%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 11 9 13 9 16 5 21 12 2 1 1 6 1 12 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 0 1 13 12 13 1 4 6 4 2 9 6 5 0 11
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
12 11 4 11 3 7 1 2 5 5 1 2 2 6 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 2 2 2 2 6 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 88 109 80
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 119 55 136
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
35 85 121 108
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 28 (6.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 40 (8.71%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 29 (6.32%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (8.5%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 100 (21.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 33 (7.19%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 28 (6.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (6.1%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 18 (3.92%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 9 (1.96%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
27 6 19 38 10 26 5 20 7 3 8 1 6 0 11 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
9 2 2 19 11 9 1 5 6 8 9 19 6 2 1 13
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 13 2 4 5 9 2 6 3 7 7 3 1 6 8 7
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 8 1 2 2 8 2 2 2 4 3 0 0 0 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
96 138 133 93
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
70 127 71 192
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
42 88 154 176
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (16.33%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 22 (22.45%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 1 6 6 5 5 0 5 2 1 0 0 1 0 4 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 3 1 3 10 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 5 0 1 4 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
26 28 21 24
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
13 34 14 38
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 31 34 27
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 33 (5.39%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 58 (9.48%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 47 (7.68%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 61 (9.97%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.98%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 105 (17.16%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 41 (6.7%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (4.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (4.58%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 38 (6.21%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (1.47%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (2.12%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 25 (4.08%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 19 (3.1%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.63%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
33 8 21 27 10 32 3 29 13 6 13 4 11 3 25 13
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 4 2 19 16 21 2 11 6 11 5 10 8 8 2 21
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
21 17 2 16 8 6 1 0 16 7 2 1 4 12 13 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 9 2 10 3 14 6 0 3 5 2 0 0 1 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
146 145 190 132
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
79 178 114 242
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
45 143 211 214
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (14.45%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (10.98%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (6.94%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 26 (15.03%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 34 (19.65%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 0 4 7 2 4 3 15 0 0 6 2 12 6 3 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 2 0 7 3 6 3 6 5 7 7 3 1 0 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 1 0 4 3 1 3 1 0 7 1 2 3 0 1 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 3 4 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
79 25 17 53
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 38 20 78
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
38 22 58 56
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11428 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 245 (6.44%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 349 (9.17%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 256 (6.72%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 294 (7.72%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 27 (0.71%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 230 (6.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 653 (17.15%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 253 (6.65%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 179 (4.7%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 217 (5.7%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 233 (6.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 108 (2.84%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 120 (3.15%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 78 (2.05%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 97 (2.55%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 113 (2.97%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 94 (2.47%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 107 (2.81%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 71 (1.86%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
188 65 121 178 96 170 28 163 73 21 75 39 94 22 135 98
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
58 17 10 111 108 119 11 63 69 70 43 88 75 45 9 89
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
78 114 13 70 48 67 11 22 38 66 42 14 18 66 47 51
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
56 71 26 43 35 53 18 16 13 30 16 0 0 5 4 106
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
999 965 970 874
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
527 1056 677 1548
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
312 917 1301 1278 

>NC_002081.1 Gadus morhua mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTATCGTAGCTTAATTAAAGTTTAATACTGAAGATATTAGGATGGACCCTAGAAAGTCCCGAAAGCACA
AAGGTTTGGTCCTGACTTTACTATCAATTGTACCCTAATTTACACATGCAAGTCTCCGCCTCCCCGTGAG
AATGCCCTTAATGTCCTGCCCGGAATTAAGGAGCAGGTATCAGGCACATCTAATAGTTTACTAGCCCATA
ACGCCTTGCTCAGCCACACCCCTACGGGTATTCAGCAGTGATAAAATTTAAGCCATAAGTGAAAGCTTGA
CTTAGTTAAGGGAAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAGAGGCCCAAATTGA
TGAAAAACGGCGTAAAGCGTGGTTAAGAAAAAAGAGAAAATATGGCCGAACAGCTTCAAAGCAGTTATAC
GCATCCGAAGTCACGAAGAACAATCACGAAAGTTGCCCTAAAACCTCCGATTCCACGAAAGCCATAAAAC
AAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGTATGGTCGTTAACATTGATGGTTTTATACCCAAACCATCCGCCT
GGGAACTACGAGCAATAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTTTAGACCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCTGT
TCTAGAACTGATAACCCCCGTTTAACCTCACCATCCTTTGTTTTCCCCGCCTATATACCACCGTCGTCAG
CTTACCCTGTGAAGGAAAATAGTAAGCATAAATGCAAAGCCAAAAACGTCAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCGTATG
GGATGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTCTCTGTTACAGAGAATACGAATTGTAATTTGAAAAAAATTACCTGA
AGGAGGATTTAGCAGTAAGTAGGGACTAGAGTGCCCTGCTGAAAACGGCCCTGAAGCGCGCACACACCGC
CCGTCACTCTCTCCAAATAAACCCTAGATATTACCTAAAATGCTTTTTATAATAAGGGGAGGCAAGTCGT
AACATGGTAAGCGTACCGGAAGGTGCGCTTGGATGAACCAGAGCATAGCCAAGTTAGTAAAGCATCTCCC
TTACACCGAGAAGTCGTCCGTGCAAATCGGACTGCCCTGATGCCTAACAGCTAGCCTCAAAAATAAAAAT
TTTACTATTATGGACCTAAAAACTCATAATAAACTTAAACAAATCATTTTACCCCCTGAGTACGGGCGAC
AGAAAAGGAGAAAAGAGCAACAGACAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAACGCTGAAAAAGAAATGAAATAAACCATT
TAAGCACCAAGCAGCAGAGTTTTCTACTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGATTTAGCAAGAAAACTACAAGCAA
AGAGCCCTTTAGTTTGTAACCCCGAAACTGAGCGAGCTACTCCAAGACAGCCTATAAAGGGCAAACCCGT
CTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGAAGAGCTTTGAGTAGAGGTGACAAACCTACCGAGCCCAGTTATAGCTGGT
TGCCTGTGAAATGAATAGGAGTTCAGCCCTTTAAGTCTTTCCCCCCTCACCCATGCTTACGCTAAAATTG
ATTAAGGAAACTAAAGGCGTTAATCAAAAGGGGTACAGCCCTTTTGATAGAAGAAACAACTTTAACAGGT
GACCCAAGATCATATTACCCAAGGATTTCAAATTAAGTGGGCCTAAAAGCAGCCATCTTATCAGAAAGCG
TTAAAGCTCAAATTAGCCTATATCCTCATATACTGATATTACATCTCCCTCCCTGCCCCTTACCAGGCTG
TCTTATGCCCCCATAAGAACAATTATGCTAAAATGAGTAATAAGAAGAATTTAATTCTTCTCCTAGCACA
TGTGTAAGTCGGAACGGACCTCCCACCGACTATTAATCGACCCCAAACCCAGAGGGTAATAGGTCAAAAA
AACAAGAAAAACACCTATTTTATATCGTTAACCCCACACAGGTGTGCCTAAAGGAAAGACTAAAAGAGAA
GGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGCCTCTTGCTCCAAAAATATAAG
AGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACTATAAGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATTTTGACCGTGCGAAGGTAGCGTAATC
ACTTGTCTTTTAAATGAAGACCTGTATGAATGGCATCACGAGGGCTTAGCTGTCTCCCATCTCCAGTCAA
TGAAATTGACCTCCCCGTGCAGAGGCGGGGATAATTACATAAGACGAGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAGAC
CTAAAGTAAGTCACGTTTAACATGCTGTGATAACAGTAAAAACTTAGTGATATTTACTGAAGTGTCTTTG
GTTGGGGCGACCGCGGGGTAAAACACAACCCCCATGTGGACCGGGGATATTATCCCTAATACTCAGAGCC
TTCTTACTCCAAGTAACAGAAATTCTGACCTTTTCTGATCCGGTATAACCGATCAACGAACCGAGTTACC
CTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCCCTCTCAGAGCCCATATCGACGAGGGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGAT
CAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTG
AGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGACAAGCTCTTTTTCCAGTACGAAAGGACCGG
AAAAAGGGGGCCTATGCCAAAAGCACGCCCCTCCCCTAACCGCTGAAACCCAATAAAGCGGATAAGGGGG
CTTAAAAAGACCCCAAAAAGAATGGGTGTGTTAGAGTGGCAGAGCCCGGACATTGCAAAAGGCCTAAGCC
CTTTCTACAGAGGTTCAAGTCCTCTCTCTAACTATGACCAATATCGTGGTTAGTTATATCCTCAACCCGC
TCATTTATATAGTGCCCGTTCTTCTGGCCGTTGCTTTCTTAACCCTAATTGAACGCAAGGTCTTAGGCTA
TATACAGCTACGAAAGGGGCCTAATATTGTTGGTCCTTACGGACTCCTTCAACCTATTGCTGATGGTGTA
AAATTATTTATTAAGGAACCCATTCGACCTTCAACCTCCTCTCCCTCCCTCTTCGTTTTGCCAGTACTTG
CACTAACTCTTGCATTAACACTTTGAGCCCCTATACCTATGCCCTTTCCTGTAGCTGATCTTAATCTAAG
CATTCTCTTTGTTCTTGCCCTTTCAAGTCTCGCCGTTTACTCGATTCTGGGTTCCGGCTGGGCCTCAAAT
TCAAAATACGCACTAGTAGGGGCCCTTCGTGCTGTTGCTCAAACTATTTCATACGAAGTAAGTCTCGGCT
TAATTTTGCTCAGTGTTATTATCTTTTCTGGCGGCTTTACACTTCAGACATTTAGTACGACTCAAGAAGC
AACATGGCTTGCCCTCCCAGCATGACCCTTGGCAGCCATATGATATATTTCCACACTAGAAGAAACAAAT
CGAGCCCCATTTGATCTGACAGAGGGGGAATCTGAGCTCGTTTCCGGCTTTAATGTAGAATATGCAGGGG
GACCCTTCGCATTATTTTTCCTAGCAGAATACGCTAACATTCTCCTTATAAACACGCTATCAGCTGTACT
ATTTCTGGGCTCTTCCTATTCCACCACAATGCCCGAATTTACATCATTAACCCTTATAACCAAAGCAGCC
CTCTTATCCATGGTTTTCCTCTGAGTACGAGCATCTTACCCGCGTTTTCGTTATGACCAACTAATACATC
TAGTATGAAAAAACTTTTTACCTCTAACTTTGGCACTAGTGATTTGACATCTATCCCTCTCGACAGCATG
CGCTGGACTTCCACCCCATGCCTAGCGGGAGTTGTGCCTGAAGTAAAGGGACCACTTTGATAGGGTGAAT
CATAAGGGTTAAAGTCCCTTCAACTCCTTAGAAAAAGGGGGCTCGAACCCATCCACAGGAGATCAAAACT
CCTAGTGCTTCCACTACACCACTTTCTAGTAAAGTCAGCTAAAATAGCTCTTGGGCCCATACCCCGAACA
TGTTGGTTAAATTCCTTCCTTTGCTAATGAACCCCTTTATTCTCTCTATCCTCTTATTAAGCCTGGGCCT
AGGTACAACGCTTACCTTCGCAAGCTCCCACTGGCTATTAGCCTGAATAGGCCTAGAGATTAGTACTTTA
GCTATTATCCCTCTAATATCTCAACACCACCACCCCCGCGCAGTAGAGGCTACAACAAAATATTTTATTA
CCCAAGCAGCTGCAGCTGCCCTAATTTTATTTGCTAGCACTACAAACGCATGAATCACTGGCCAGTGAGA
CATTAATTTTGATCTTCACTTTTTCCCAGCTTCTATACTTACTATGGCCTTAGCCCTAAAAATAGGTCTA
GCCCCAGTACACTTCTGGTTACCAGAAGTTCTTCAAGGGCTTGACCTAACGACAGGACTAATTTTATCTA
CCTGACAGAAATTAGCACCCTTTATCCTAATGTGCCAAATTATGCCAGTAAACTCTAGCTTAATTACTTT
TCTAGGTGTAACCTCAACGCTAGTCGGAGGGTGAGGTGGATTAAACCAAACCCAACTACGTAAAATCTTG
GCCTATTCATCAATCGCACATCTTGGCTGAATAATCCTTGTAATGCAATTTAATCAACAACTGGCTCTTC
TAGCCTTAATTATTTATATCCCTATAACTTTCTCAACTTTTATAATTTTTAAAACTAATTCTTCTACCAC
GGTAAATACCCTAGCTGCCTCGTGAGCTAAGACCCCTGCCCTTACAGCAATCACCCCAATAATTCTTCTT
TCTTTAGGAGGCCTCCCCCCTCTCTCTGGCTTTATGCCTAAGTGAATAATTCTCCAAGAATTAACAAAAC
AAGATATCCCTTTAACCGCCTCAATTGCTGCCTTAAGTGCGCTATTAAGCCTTTACTTTTATCTCCGGGT
GTCCTATGCAATGACTTTAACTATTTCACCTAATAACCTCAATGCAACAACTCCTTGACGGCTGCAAACA
ACAGCATCTACCTTACCTCTCGCTATTTCAGCAACAATCTCTGCTATGCTCTTGCCCCTGGCCCCCGCAA
CCTTAGCTTTACTGTCCCTTTAGGGGCTTAGGATAAACTAGACCAAGGGCCTTCAAAGCCCTCAGCGGAG
GTGAAAATCCTCCAGCCCCTGATAAGATCTGCAGGACACTACCCCACATCTTCTGTATGCAAAACAAATA
CTTTAATTAAGCTAAGACCTTTTCTAGACAGAAAGGCCTCGATCCTTTAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAG
CACTCAAACCAGCGAGCATCTATCTACTTTCCCCGCTGTAACGCGGGGAAGCGGGGGAAAGTCCCGGCAA
ACTGTAAGTCTGCTTCTTCAGATTTGCAATCTGACGTGGTAACACTCCAGAACTTGGCAAGAAGAGGGCT
CAAACCTCTGTATGTGGGGTTACAATCCACCGCTTACTCAGCCATCCTACCTGTGGCAATCACCCGCTGA
TTTTTCTCGACCAATCACAAAGACATTGGCACCCTTTATCTCGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCCGGCATAGTCG
GAACAGCCCTAAGCCTGCTCATTCGAGCAGAGCTAAGTCAACCTGGTGCACTTCTTGGTGATGATCAAAT
TTATAATGTGATCGTTACAGCGCACGCTTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCACTAATAATTGGA
GGCTTTGGGAACTGACTCATTCCTCTAATGATCGGTGCACCAGATATAGCTTTCCCTCGAATAAATAACA
TAAGCTTCTGACTTCTTCCTCCATCTTTCCTGCTCCTTTTAGCATCCTCTGGTGTAGAAGCTGGGGCTGG
AACAGGCTGAACTCTCTATCCACCTTTAGCCGGAAACCTCGCTCATGCTGGGGCATCTGTTGATCTCACT
ATTTTTTCTCTTCATCTAGCAGGGATTTCATCAATTCTTGGGGCAATTAATTTTATTACCACAATTATTA
ATATGAAACCTCCGGCAATTTCACAGTACCAAACACCCCTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTACTAATTACAGCTGT
GCTTCTACTATTATCTCTCCCCGTCTTAGCAGCTGGTATCACAATACTTCTAACTGACCGTAATCTTAAT
ACTTCTTTCTTTGACCCTGCTGGAGGAGGTGATCCCATTTTATACCAACACTTATTCTGATTCTTCGGGC
ATCCCGAAGTTTATATTCTTATTTTACCCGGCTTCGGAATAATTTCCCACATCGTAGCATACTACTCAGG
TAAAAAAGAACCCTTCGGGTATATGGGTATAGTCTGAGCTATGATGGCTATTGGCCTCCTTGGCTTTATT
GTATGAGCCCATCACATGTTTACAGTCGGAATGGACGTAGACACACGTGCTTACTTTACATCTGCAACTA
TAATTATTGCCATTCCAACAGGTGTAAAAGTCTTTAGCTGATTAGCAACTTTACATGGGGGCTCAATTAA
ATGAGAGACACCCCTACTCTGAGCCCTAGGTTTCATTTTCCTCTTTACAGTCGGGGGCTTAACAGGAATT
GTACTAGCTAATTCTTCCCTAGATATTGTGCTCCATGACACGTATTACGTAGTAGCCCATTTCCACTACG
TTTTATCTATAGGAGCTGTCTTTGCTATTATAGCAGCCTTTGTACATTGATTCCCGCTATTTACAGGCTA
TACACTTCATGATACTTGAACAAAAATTCATTTCGGGGTAATATTTGTAGGTGTAAATCTTACATTTTTC
CCCCAGCATTTCCTAGGTCTTGCAGGAATACCACGACGGTACTCAGACTACCCTGATGCCTACACACTAT
GAAACACAGTCTCTTCTATCGGCTCTCTAATTTCCCTAATGGCCGTAATCATGTTCCTATTTATTCTGTG
AGAAGCTTTCGCTGCCAAACGGGAAGTAATAGCAGTTGAAATAACTATAACTAACGTTGAGTGACTCCAC
GGGTGTCCCCCTCCCTACCACACATTCGAGGAACCCGCATTCGTTCAAATTCAAACCCGCTAGCCCGAGA
AAGGAGGGAATCGAACCCCCATCTACTGGTTTCAAGCCAATCACATGACCACTCTGTCACTTTCTTCATG
GGCTACTGGTGAAATATCACACTGCCTTGTCAAGGCAGAATTGTGGGTTAAAACCCCGCGTAGCCTTAGC
GAAAGCTAGTATGGCACACCCCTCACAACTAGGATTCCAAGACGCGGCATCACCCGTAATAGAAGAGTTA
CTACACTTCCATGATCACGCCCTAATAATCGTATTTTTAATTAGTACTCTTGTACTTTACATTATTGTCG
CAATAGTCTCCACTAAATTAACCAACAAATATATTTTAGATTCTCAAGAAATTGAGATTATCTGAACAGT
TCTCCCAGCTGTTATTCTTATTTTAATTGCCCTTCCATCATTACGAATTCTTTATCTCATAGACGAAATT
AATGACCCGCATCTTACTATTAAAGCAATGGGCCACCAATGATATTGAAGCTACGAGTATACCGATTACG
AAGACCTCGGCTTTGACTCTTATATAATCCCCACACAAGACTTAGCCCCCGGTCAGTTTCGACTATTAGA
GGCCGACCATCGTATGGTTGTCCCAGTTGAATCCCCAATTCGAATCCTAATTTCAGCAGAAGATGTCCTT
CACTCATGAGCAGTCCCAGCCCTAGGAATTAAGATAGACGCAGTACCTGGACGTCTAAATCAAACAGCCT
TTATTACTTCCCGTCCCGGAGTTTTCTACGGACAATGTTCAGAAATTTGTGGTGCAAACCATAGCTTTAT
ACCTATCGTAGTCGAAGCAGTTCCTCTAGAACACTTTGAATCATGATCATCTTTAATACTTGAAGACGCC
TCACTAAGAAGCTAATATGGGTTAAGCACCAGCCTTTTAAGCTGGAAGCAGGTGACTCCCAACCACCCTT
AATGAAATGCCCCAGTTAAACCCCGCCCCCTGATTTATAATCTTCATGTTTACATGAGCAATTTTCCTAA
CTATTCTTCCCCCAAAAGTAATAGCACACACTTTCCCAAATGAACCTTCTCCCCAAGGTATAACAACTCC
TAAAACTGCCCCCTGAAACTGACCATGACACTAAGCCTCTTTGACCAATTTTCTAGCCCTTCATTCCTCG
GAATTCCCATAATTTTAATAGCCTTAGCTTTACCCTGACTTTTAATTCCTACACCTACTTCCCGATGACT
AAGCAATCGAGTTGTATCTCTACAAGGATGGTTTATCGCCCGCTTTACTAATCAACTCTTTTTACCTCTA
AATGTGGGAGGACACAAATGAGCTCCTCTTCTTGCCTCACTAATAATGTTTTTACTCACTCTAAATATGT
TAGGCTTAATACCATATATCTTCACTCCTACAACACAGCTTTCTCTTAATTTAGGTTTAGCTGTTCCTCT
ATGATTAGCAACTGTCCTTATCGGCATACGAAATCAACCAACTCATGCACTAGGTCATTTCCTCCCAGAG
GGCACCCCTACAGCCCTAATTCCTATTCTAATTATTATGCAAACAATTAGTTTATTCATTCGCCCTCTCG
CTTTAGGTGTGCGGCTTACAGCTAATCTTACAGCAGGTCATTTACTAATTCATCTAATTTCCTCAGCAGT
CTTTGTTCTTATACCTATAATACCTGTAGTCGCTATTCTTACAGCAGTTCTCCTTCTATTACTTACTATA
CTCGAAGTAGCCGTTGCAATAATTCAAGCCTACGTATTTATTCTTTTACTAAGTCTCTATCTACAAGAAA
ACGTTTAATGACCCACCAAGCTCATGCATACCACATAGTAGACCCCAGCCCTTGACCCCTAACAGGCGCA
GTAGCTGCACTTTTAATGACATCTGGCCTTGCCGTATGGTTCCATTTTCATTCAACAACCCTAATAGCTT
TAGGAACAGTCCTTCTTTTATTAACAATATATCAGTGATGACGGGATATTATCCGAGAGGGGACCTTTCA
GGGCCACCATACTCCCCCAGTCCAAAAAGGGCTTCGATATGGTATAATTTTATTTATTACATCAGAAGTC
TTCTTTTTTCTAGGCTTCTTCTGAGCTTTCTATCACGCAAGCCTTGCACCCACCCCCGAACTAGGTGGCT
GCTGACCTCCCACAGGCATCACTACCCTAGACCCATTTGAAGTCCCCTTATTAAATACTGCAGTCCTTTT
AGCCTCTGGAGTTACTGTAACCTGAGCTCACCACAGTATTATAGAGGGTGAACGAAAACAAGCAATCCAC
TCCCTTACCCTCACAATCCTTTTAGGCTTTTATTTCACTTTCCTTCAAGGACTGGAGTACTATGATGCAC
CTTTCACAATTGCTGACGGAGTCTACGGCTCAACTTTTTTTGTTGCTACTGGCTTTCACGGTCTCCACGT
AATTATTGGCTCAACATTCTTAGCTGTGTGTTTACTTCGTCAAATTCGTTATCATTTTACATCCGAACAC
CACTTCGGCTTTGAAGCAGCAGCATGATACTGACATTTTGTAGATGTTGTCTGACTCTTCCTATATATCT
CAATCTATTGATGAGGCTCATAATCTTTCTAGTACTAAGGAGTATAAGTGGCTTCCAACCACACGGTCTT
GGTTAGAGTCCAAGGAAAGATAATGAACTTAATCTCAACAGTTATCCTTATTGCCTCAGCTTTATCTTTA
ATTCTTATTCTAGTCTCATTTTGATTGCCTCAACTAAGCCCTGACTACGAAAAGCTATCTCCCTACGAGT
GCGGATTTGATCCTTTAGGGAGTGCCCGTCTCCCTTTTTCCCTACGATTTTTTCTAATCGCCATTTTGTT
CCTTCTCTTTGACCTGGAAATTGCGCTTCTCCTCCCCCTTCCATGAGGAGATCAACTGAGTAACCCCACC
TTAACATTTATGTGAGCAACCTCTGTACTAGCCCTACTAACACTCGGTCTTATTTACGAATGACTTCAAG
GAGGCCTTGAATGAGCTGAATAGGTGATTAGTCTAAGTAAAATACTTGATTTCGGCTCAAGAGTCTGTGG
TTAAAGTCCACAATTGCCTAATGACCCCCACTCACTTTACAATCTCCTCAGCCTTTCTATTAGGTATAAT
AGGCTTAGCGTTTCATCGAACACATCTCCTCTCTGCCCTTCTCTGTTTAGAAGCCATAATACTTGCCCTA
TTTATTGCACTCTCCCTCTGGTCCTTGCAGTTAGATGCCACTGGCTGTTCAACTGCCCCCATACTTATGC
TTGCTTTCTCCGCTTGTGAAGCAAGTGCTGGACTAGCCCTACTTGTAGCCACAGCCCGAACACACGGGAC
AGACCACATACAAGCCTTAAATCTTCTACAATGCTAAAAATCCTAATTCCTACTTTATTTCTTCTCCCAA
CAACCTGATTAACGTCAAGTAAATGACTTTGACCTACTGCTCTAACCCAAAGCATATTAATTGCCTTAGG
CAGTATTACCTGACTAAATAATACTACGGATACCGGATGGACTGCTCTTAACTCATATATTGGCACAGAC
CCCCTATCAACACCTCTACTTGTCCTTTCATGTTGACTTCTTCCGCTAATACTCCTTGCAAGTCAAAATC
ATCTTTCGTCAGAACCTATAAACCGCCAACGTATATACATCACCCTTCTTGCTACCCTGCAGCTTTTTCT
TATTCTAGCCTTTGGTGCTACAGAAATAATTATATTCTATGTTATATTTGAAGCAACTTTAATTCCTACT
CTTCTAGTAATTACTCGCTGAGGTAATCACACAGAACGGCTTAATGCAGGGACTTATTTTTTATTTTATA
CATTAGCGGGATCTCTACCTCTTTTAGTTGCACTCCTTATACTTCAAAACAACACAGGGACTTTATCGCT
TCTAATTATTCCTTATGCTAAGCCCCTACTACTAATGCCCTTCGGTAGTAAAATCTGATGAGCTGCTTGC
ATGATCGCTTTCTTAGTAAAAATACCTCTCTATGGAATACATCTTTGACTTCCCAAAGCCCATGTAGAAG
CACCTGTTGCAGGCTCAATAGTTCTTGCTGCTGTTCTATTAAAACTAGGGGGATACGGGATGATACGACT
GATGATTGTACTTGATCCTCTCTCCAAAGAAATAGTTTACCCTTTTATTGTTCTCGCTCTTTGAGGTGTA
ATCATTACAGGTTCAATCTGTTTACGTCAAACTGACCTGAAATCTCTAATTGCCTACTCCTCTGTTAGTC
ACATAGGCCTAGTAGCAGGGGGAATTTTAATTCAGACCCCTTGGGGATTTACAGGGGCATTAATTCTAAT
GATTGCTCATGGCTTAGCCTCATCAGCTTTATTCTGCCTTGCTAACACCAACTACGAACGGACTCATAGC
CGGACAATACTTTTAGCCCGAGGACTTCAAATTGCCCTTCCACTTATGACCACATGATGATTTATTGCTA
GCTTAGCTAACCTCGCTCTCCCTCCTCTTCCTAATCTAATGGGGGAACTAATAATTCTCACCTCCCTTTT
TAACTGGTCTGCATGAACTCTAATTCTTACCGGGATTGGAACTCTAATTACAGCTGCCTACTCCCTGTAT
ATATTCCTAATAAGTCAGCGAGGGCCTCTGCCTCAACATATGCTCGCCCTTCCTCCTTCCTACACACGAG
AGCATTTGTTAATAGCTCTTCACCTAATTCCCCTTTTACTTATTATTCTTAAGCCCGCCCTTCTATGAGG
CTGATTTGCCTGTAGATTTAGTTTAACCAAGACATTAGATTGTGATTCTAAAAATAGAGGTTAAACCCCT
CTAATCCACCGAGAGAGGCCCGACGGCAATGAAGACTGCTAACTATCACCCCCTTGGTTAGACCCCAAGG
CTCCCTCGAAGCTCCTAAAGGATAATAGCTCATCCGTTGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAACT
CCAAGTAGCAGCTATGCACCCTACAACTTTAATATATACTTCAAGCCTTTTATTAATATTTGCTGTTCTT
CTTTACCCACTTTTAGTAACCTTTACATCTCTACCATTAAACAATGATTGAGCCTCATCACACGCAAAAA
CAGCAGTAAAGTCTGCTTTCTTAATTAGCTTGGCTCCCCTTTCTCTTTTTCTAAGCACAGGTATAGAGGC
TGTAACTTCTTCGTGAACCTGAATAGTCACAACTACCCTAGATATTACCTTAAGCTTTAAGTTCGACCAC
TATTCTATTATTTTTATTCCTATTGCCCTATATGTTACTTGATCTATTTTAGAATTTGCTACATGATATA
TGCATTCCGACCCTTTCATAAATCGATTTTTCAAATATCTTCTAACCTTTTTGGTAGCAATGCTAATCCT
AGTTTCTGCTAATAACCTGTTTCAGCTATTTATTGGCTGAGAGGGTGTTGGAATTATATCTTTCTTACTA
ATTGGGTGATGACACGGCCGAGCAGATGCAAATACCGCAGCCCTTCAGGCTGTTCTTTATAACCGAGTCG
GGGATATCGGTTTAATCCTAGGTATGGCATGACTAGCTACTAACGTTAACAGCTGGGATATTCAACAAAT
ATTTATTTTAAGCAAGAATTTGGACATAACTCTCCCTCTACTCGGTTTAATCTTGGCTGCCACTGGTAAA
TCCGCCCAGTTTGGACTTCACCCATGACTACCAGCCGCAATAGAAGGTCCAACGCCAGTGTCTGCCCTAC
TTCATTCTAGCACAATAGTTGTAGCAGGAATTTTTCTCCTAATTCGGATGAGCCCTCTTATAGAAAATAA
TCAGACTGCACTAACTCTCTGTCTCTGTCTAGGAGCCTTAACCACTATATTTACTGCTACTTGTGCTCTA
ACCCAAAACGATATTAAGAAAATCGTTGCTTTTTCAACCTCTAGCCAACTTGGTCTAATAATAGTAACTA
TTGGATTAAACCAACCGCAATTAGCCTTTCTTCATATTTGCACTCACGCATTCTTCAAAGCAATATTATT
TTTATGTTCTGGTTCAGTAATTCATAGCCTAAACGATGAACAAGATATTCGGAAAATAGGAGGACTTCAT
CATTTAGCCCCCTTTACCTCCTCCTGCCTCACCGTGGGAAGCCTGGCCTTAACGGGGACCCCCTTCCTAG
CAGGCTTCTTCTCCAAAGATGCAATTATTGAAGCACTAAACACATCTCACGTAAACGCCTGAGCCCTTAC
CCTAACACTTATTGCCACCTCCTTTACTGCTATTTATAGCCTTCGAGTTATCTTTTTTGTTACTATGGGC
ACACCCCGCTTTTTACCCCTTTCCCCCATCAATGAAAATAACCCAGCAGTAATTAATCCCCTCAAACGCT
TAGCGTGAGGCGGTATCTTTGGGGGCCTATTAGTGATACTTAATATTAACCTTTTTAAAACACCTGTATT
AACAATACCTGCAGAACTAAAACTTGCAGCTTTAGCTGTTTCAATTCTCGGATTATTAACCGCGCTTGAA
TTAGCAACTCTAACAAGCAAACAATTTAAAGTTACACCTCTACGAACTCCGCACCACTTCTCTACATCTT
TAGGGTTCGTCCCAGCAATTATTCACCGCCAAATTCCTCAACTCAGCCTCCTTCTAGGACAAAAAATTGC
TAGCCAGATAGTAGATCAGACATGACTAGAAAAGACTGGTCCCAAAGCTATTGCTAATGCTACCACCCCT
CTAGCCTCTGCAACAAGCAACATACAACAAGGATTAATTAAGACCTACCTGACCCTATTCCTTATAACCC
TTGTTCTAGTCACTCTTATTTCCGCCACCTAAACGGCACGCAGCGCTCCCCGGGCCAGGCCCCGAGTTAA
TTCTAGTACTACTAAGAGTGTTAGCAAGAGGACTCACGCACTTACTACAAGTAATCCGCCACCTAAAGAA
TATATTAGAGCTACACCACCCGAGTCTGCAGCCACAACAGAAAATTCAATTAACTCATCTACAGGTACTC
ACATCCCCTCATATCACCCTCCCCAAAATCAAGAGCCTGCACCCACAACTAATAGTAAATAACCTAACAC
AGATCCTAATACCGATCACTCCCCCCATGCTTCGGGGTAAGGCTCTGCAGCTAAAGCTGCACAATAAGCA
AACACAACAAGCATGCCCCCAAGATAAATTAAGAAAAGCACAAGGGACAAGAAGGACCCTCCATGCCCTA
TTAATACCACACATCCTACGCCTGCTACTAAGACCAGTCCTAAAGCAGCGAAATACGGGGAAGGGTTTGA
GGCTACCGAAATAACACCAAGAACTATCCCAATTAAAAGAGTCAATATAATATACGCCATAATTCCTGCC
CGGATCTTAACCAGGACTAATGATATGAAAAACCACCGTTGTTATTCAACTACAAGAACCTTAATGGCCA
GCCTTCGGAAAACCCATCCAATCCTAAAAATTGCTAATAGCGCATTAGTTGATCTCCCCGCCCCCTCCAA
TATCTCAGTATGATGAAATTTTGGCTCTCTTCTAGGCCTTTGCTTAATTACTCAACTTCTAACAGGACTA
TTTCTAGCCATACACTATACCTCAGACATCGAGACAGCCTTCTCATCCGTAGTCCACATCTGTCGTGATG
TAAACTACGGCTGACTAATTCGGAATATACATGCTAATGGTGCCTCTTTCTTTTTCATTTGTCTTTATAT
GCACATTGCCCGAGGTCTCTATTATGGTTCCTATCTTTTTGTAGAGACATGAAACATCGGGGTTGTCCTT
TTCCTTTTAGTAATAATAACCTCTTTCGTAGGTTATGTCCTCCCCTGAGGACAAATATCATTCTGAGGAG
CTACCGTAATTACGAATTTAATATCTACTGTTCCTTATGTAGGTGATGCCTTAGTTCAATGGATCTGAGG
AGGTTTCTCAGTAGATAATGCTACCCTAACTCGGTTTTTTGCATTCCATTTCTTATTCCCCTTTGTTGTT
GCTGCTTTTACAATACTCCACCTACTTTTTCTCCATGAAACAGGCTCAAATAATCCCACAGGAATCAATT
CAAATGCAGACAAAATTCCATTCCACCCATATTTCACCTACAAAGACCTGCTTGGCTTTGCTGTGATGCT
TCTGGGCTTAACCGCCCTCGCCCTCTTCGCACCTAATTTACTCGGAGATCCAGATAATTTCACCCCTGCT
AACCCCATCGTTACCCCACCTCATGTTAAGCCCGAATGATATTTCTTGTTTGCCTATGCCATCTTACGCT
CTATTCCAAATAAGCTAGGTGGCGTACTTGCACTCCTATTCTCGATTCTAGTCCTCATGGTTGTACCCTT
TCTCCATACGTCAAAACAACGAGGTTTAACATTCCGCCCTCTTACCCAAATACTATTCTGAGTCCTCGTT
GCAGATATACTAGTTCTTACATGAATTGGAGGCGTACCTGTAGAACACCCCTTCATTATCATCGGACAAG
TGGCATCAGTACTATATTTCTCCCTCTTCCTAGTTTTATTCCCCCTTGCAGGAATAACTGAAAATAAGGC
CCTTGAATGAAACTGCCCTAGTAGCTCAGTATAGAGCGCCGGCCTTGTAAGCCGGAGGCCGGGGGCTAAA
TTCCTCCCTAGTGCTACATCTAATTATTACCGGAGGACGCCCCATAATTCATCATCCACCGGAGGCTGCC
CCATGGATCAAAATACCACTCAGAGGGAAGAGATTTTAACTCCCACCACTAGCTCCCAAAGCTAGAATTC
TAAATTAAACTACCCTCTGAATACCACTAAATAATCGCCGCCGCCCTTTTTAAAATCTGAATACCACTAA
ATAATCGCCGCCGCCCTTTTTAAAATCTGAATACCACTAAATAATCGCCGCCGCCCTTTTTAAAATCTGA
ATACCACTAAATAATCGCCGCCGCCCTTTTTAAAATATTGATTTTCGCTTGAGCTTACCCCTCCTTTTTT
CTCCCCCCCCCCCTGCCTCATAATATGTCCTAGAGATCATATTCTTTTTAGTAAATTATTATTTATACAT
ATGTATAATCACCATTAATTAAGTTAACCATACAAGGAGAAATAATCATGAAAAGTCAAGCATTCAGGAT
AAAACAACAATATATTTATAGAACAAATATGGTTATTTTAACCAATTTATGGAATTTAGTGCAAGAAATT
GTAAACATAACCGGACTTTCCTTGCCAAGGCAAACTGTCCAATGAAGGTGAGGGACACGTATTGAAGACC
TGCATTCCGTAACACGTTTCCTGGCTATTCTGCCTAGCTTCAGGTCCATTGCTTGACAATCGCTCATAAT
TTGCACTTTTGTACATCTCTTAATGTCTATACACATATATACTATAATCACTCCCCATGCCGGGCGTTCT
TTCTAATGGGCTACGGGTTTCTTTTTTTTTCTTCAAGTCATTTGACATTTCAGCAGTGCAGAGCGTCGAC
GCCGGACAAGGTGGAGCTAGTCCTCGGTTTATAGATATATAAAATTATTTATTTAGGTCCCCATAAAGAA
TAATTACATTAAAGTTTTTCAAGAGCATAAGGCTAAAAATTTTCTCGATGAGTCCCTAATATCTACATTT
TACCCCCTTTGTTTTTGTGCGTAAACCCCCCCTCCCCCCAGTTCTCCTGAGATTACTAATATTCCTGTAA
ACCCCCCGGAAACAGGAAAATCCCTAGAACTGAGTTTTTTTTATCAAAATATGACCAATAATGTATAAAT
TTGTTGTTATTGCATTATTGCAAATTATTAAAATTT
Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

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How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.