Viewing data for Ursus arctos


Scientific name Ursus arctos
Common name Brown bear and grizzly bear
Maximum lifespan 40.00 years (Ursus arctos@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 17020 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7031 9989 4355 2676 4731 5258
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 413 587 256 157 278 309
Base content (%) 41.3% 58.7%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11342 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 4678 6664 3063 1615 3259 3405
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 412 588 270 142 287 300
Base content (%) 41.2% 58.8%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1508 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 542 966 305 237 429 537
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 359 641 202 157 284 356
Base content (%) 35.9% 64.1%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2541 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1030 1511 555 475 606 905
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 405 595 218 187 238 356
Base content (%) 40.5% 59.5%
12S rRNA gene (size: 962 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 408 554 221 187 222 332
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 424 576 230 194 231 345
Base content (%) 42.4% 57.6%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1579 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 622 957 334 288 384 573
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 394 606 212 182 243 363
Base content (%) 39.4% 60.6%

ATP6 (size: 681 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 282 399 180 102 214 185
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 414 586 264 150 314 272
Base content (%) 41.4% 58.6%
ATP8 (size: 204 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 75 129 53 22 55 74
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 368 632 260 108 270 363
Base content (%) 36.8% 63.2%
COX1 (size: 1545 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 665 880 370 295 480 400
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 430 570 239 191 311 259
Base content (%) 43.0% 57.0%
COX2 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 280 404 161 119 193 211
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 409 591 235 174 282 308
Base content (%) 40.9% 59.1%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 336 448 210 126 236 212
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 429 571 268 161 301 270
Base content (%) 42.9% 57.1%
CYTB (size: 1140 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 505 635 340 165 307 328
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 443 557 298 145 269 288
Base content (%) 44.3% 55.7%
ND1 (size: 957 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 396 561 269 127 279 282
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 414 586 281 133 292 295
Base content (%) 41.4% 58.6%
ND2 (size: 1044 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 406 638 294 112 285 353
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 389 611 282 107 273 338
Base content (%) 38.9% 61.1%
ND3 (size: 347 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 147 200 95 52 103 97
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 424 576 274 150 297 280
Base content (%) 42.4% 57.6%
ND4 (size: 1378 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 566 812 383 183 401 411
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 411 589 278 133 291 298
Base content (%) 41.1% 58.9%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 122 175 76 46 98 77
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 411 589 256 155 330 259
Base content (%) 41.1% 58.9%
ND5 (size: 1829 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 732 1097 507 225 517 580
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 400 600 277 123 283 317
Base content (%) 40.0% 60.0%
ND6 (size: 528 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 190 338 142 48 116 222
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 360 640 269 91 220 420
Base content (%) 36.0% 64.0%

ATP6 (size: 681 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.87%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 15 (6.64%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 17 (7.52%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 26 (11.5%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (5.75%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 41 (18.14%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 25 (11.06%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.98%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.75%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (6.19%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.88%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 7 (3.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.54%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (3.1%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.21%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
18 7 5 3 4 16 5 7 5 3 3 1 5 4 9 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 6 5 4 0 1 2 7 1 7 2 1 3 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 7 1 2 3 5 0 3 4 0 3 2 6 4 3 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 2 1 1 1 3 1 0 1 3 1 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
44 61 78 44
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 64 35 102
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
32 55 72 68
ATP8 (size: 204 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLDTSTWSITILSMALTLFIALQLKVSKYKYPETPEPKSLSSLKKLVPWEEKWTKIYLPLLSPQR*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 2 (2.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (11.94%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 6 (8.96%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.99%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 12 (17.91%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (5.97%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 2 (2.99%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 7 (10.45%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 1 (1.49%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (4.48%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 3 (4.48%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.49%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (5.97%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (4.48%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (11.94%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 1 (1.49%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 1 1 2 2 4 0 4 3 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 1 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 4 1 2 1 5 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 2 0 1 7 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
9 19 20 20
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
4 23 20 21
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
9 11 34 14
COX1 (size: 1545 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.14%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 43 (8.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (6.23%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 36 (7.0%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 36 (7.0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 58 (11.28%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 38 (7.39%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 35 (6.81%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.45%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.17%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 19 (3.7%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.31%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (2.72%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.95%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 17 (3.31%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.17%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (3.5%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.56%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
20 18 22 12 3 15 15 9 3 3 8 8 12 8 18 24
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
13 0 1 12 14 13 4 6 9 23 9 15 5 7 1 12
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 16 2 13 3 11 1 0 4 11 8 2 4 7 10 10
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 6 4 5 9 9 0 1 0 5 2 0 0 1 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
150 105 139 121
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
77 135 94 209
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
68 130 167 150
COX2 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 33 (14.54%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 10 10 2 5 12 6 5 5 2 1 3 4 4 4 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 2 1 4 0 5 0 1 3 2 2 3 3 5 2 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 7 1 1 6 7 1 4 1 8 3 0 3 3 2 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 12 4 5 5 3 1 1 0 2 3 0 0 0 1 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
55 57 67 49
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
27 55 60 86
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
37 49 84 58
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (7.31%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 34 (13.08%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.15%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 4 9 7 7 14 1 3 7 0 2 5 8 1 12 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 1 3 4 9 1 1 6 11 1 1 4 4 2 10
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 9 0 1 6 10 0 2 4 7 4 1 2 2 3 7
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 4 4 3 0 0 2 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
63 69 58 71
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
44 67 53 97
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
19 74 101 67
CYTB (size: 1140 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (6.33%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (4.75%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 59 (15.57%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 41 (10.82%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 23 (6.07%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.69%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (3.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
16 25 5 4 9 35 4 6 5 1 3 6 9 0 14 13
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 1 3 5 9 10 2 0 7 18 1 3 10 9 1 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 13 2 2 9 10 1 0 2 5 9 2 1 4 11 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 5 1 3 9 6 3 0 0 7 1 1 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
88 102 104 86
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 98 75 154
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 140 149 67
ND1 (size: 957 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 12 (3.77%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (9.12%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 19 (5.97%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 27 (8.49%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (5.66%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 55 (17.3%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 23 (7.23%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 19 (5.97%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.92%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 20 (6.29%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.77%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 9 (2.83%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.94%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.46%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (4.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.89%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.26%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.2%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.52%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 6 16 4 12 23 7 8 5 1 2 6 9 1 9 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 1 5 14 9 1 3 2 6 1 7 9 6 0 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 14 1 4 2 9 2 0 2 6 6 1 1 4 9 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 8 3 2 1 7 0 1 2 5 0 0 0 1 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 86 91 69
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
32 95 57 135
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
22 88 134 75
ND2 (size: 1044 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 16 (4.61%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 25 (7.2%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (7.78%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 28 (8.07%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 55 (15.85%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 40 (11.53%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 35 (10.09%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 23 (6.63%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (4.03%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 14 (4.03%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 26 25 5 9 33 3 3 8 0 4 2 6 0 9 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
10 0 0 6 8 11 0 0 9 5 2 8 6 8 1 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 18 0 3 9 12 1 0 2 3 6 0 2 8 7 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 4 1 0 2 14 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
60 90 134 64
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
31 101 60 156
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 103 159 65
ND3 (size: 1044 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 16 (4.61%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 25 (7.2%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (7.78%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 28 (8.07%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 55 (15.85%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 40 (11.53%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 35 (10.09%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 23 (6.63%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (4.03%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (2.59%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 14 (4.03%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.86%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 26 25 5 9 33 3 3 8 0 4 2 6 0 9 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
10 0 0 6 8 11 0 0 9 5 2 8 6 8 1 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 18 0 3 9 12 1 0 2 3 6 0 2 8 7 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 4 1 0 2 14 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
60 90 134 64
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
31 101 60 156
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 103 159 65
ND4 (size: 1378 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 17 (3.71%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 31 (6.77%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 40 (8.73%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 41 (8.95%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (3.71%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 98 (21.4%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 34 (7.42%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 32 (6.99%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (4.8%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 20 (4.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (1.75%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 20 (4.37%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 9 (1.97%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 21 23 13 15 40 15 11 10 1 2 3 11 1 12 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
9 2 2 8 8 11 4 1 7 8 1 7 9 6 0 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 17 2 7 11 6 1 9 6 7 9 3 4 10 10 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 6 2 2 1 8 5 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 135 155 93
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
59 119 80 201
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
48 129 176 106
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 22 (22.45%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 0 (0%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 2 5 0 4 9 6 3 2 0 3 3 6 1 1 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 3 3 2 2 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 3 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 4 3 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
27 26 23 23
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
8 21 19 51
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 29 35 24
ND5 (size: 1821 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 28 (4.62%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 43 (7.1%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 45 (7.43%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 58 (9.57%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (3.96%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 88 (14.52%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 58 (9.57%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 38 (6.27%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (3.96%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 44 (7.26%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 20 (3.3%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (1.98%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (1.82%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 13 (2.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 29 (4.79%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 21 (3.47%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 15 (2.48%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 23 (3.8%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.32%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
25 33 32 13 18 40 6 9 17 4 2 7 14 1 16 28
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 1 3 7 18 17 1 4 3 16 5 7 5 11 1 18
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 19 3 10 11 10 2 4 8 5 15 2 2 17 12 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 10 3 3 8 17 6 0 4 4 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
119 145 218 125
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
64 158 133 252
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
42 201 227 137
ND6 (size: 528 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (14.29%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 8 (4.57%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 13 (7.43%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 7 (4.0%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (1.14%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 23 (13.14%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 20 (11.43%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 16 (9.14%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (5.71%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (1.71%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (7.43%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (5.14%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (2.86%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (4.57%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (1.71%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (0.57%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (2.29%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 1 (0.57%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
15 1 3 3 0 2 0 13 0 1 8 4 6 5 13 0
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 2 0 3 3 1 1 9 1 4 11 2 1 0 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 2 7 0 0 1 5 0 8 1 0 2 2 1 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 3 5 5 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
69 10 45 52
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
37 26 31 82
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
36 12 40 88
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11409 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 216 (5.68%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 269 (7.08%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 282 (7.42%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 306 (8.05%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 25 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 207 (5.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 603 (15.86%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 320 (8.42%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 230 (6.05%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 197 (5.18%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 238 (6.26%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 134 (3.53%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 104 (2.74%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 70 (1.84%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 101 (2.66%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 140 (3.68%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 88 (2.32%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 97 (2.55%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 100 (2.63%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 65 (1.71%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
163 157 160 71 93 255 70 87 71 17 39 49 92 27 123 115
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
70 9 16 66 90 98 15 28 49 104 35 67 59 59 12 87
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
75 128 16 53 70 86 11 27 35 67 67 15 27 66 74 42
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
55 68 33 30 40 80 20 4 11 41 9 1 0 6 3 89
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
863 936 1159 844
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
473 992 739 1598
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
380 1055 1425 942 

>NC_003427.1 Ursus arctos mitochondrion, complete genome
GATCACACATAACTGTGGTGTCATGCATTTGGTATCTTTTAATTTTTAGGGGGGGAACTTGCTATGACTC
AGCTATGACCGTAAAGGTCTCGTCGCAGTCAAATAATTTGTAGCTGGGCTTATTTATCTTTCACGGGTCG
GGCATAGATACCCATAAGGGGTTACTCAGTCAATGGTCGCAGGACATATAGTACTTAAACGCCACTAAAT
CGAACGAACGACGCACGCGTACGCATACGTACGCATACGTACGCATACGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGT
ACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGT
ACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGT
ACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGT
ATACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACTCGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGT
GTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGT
GTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGT
GTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCACGT
GTACGCACGTGTACGCACGTGTACGCGTACGCACGCGTTTTTAGATATTAACTTAGCTTAATCAAACCCC
CCTTACCCCCCGTAACTTCAAGGAGCTTATGCACATTTATGATTGTCTTGCCAAACCCCAAAAACAAGAC
TAAATGCACATGCAAACATGAAGTATTACACCCAAAATCCCACACAATAAGCTAAAATTCCCAGCCAAAT
AATCACTGTAATCACAGGCATGAGACTTTAAATTAAGATCTATCTATAGATATTTTTTTTTTTACTCTGT
CTCCCTCCTATTGATTTTTCCGTTATTATCACTTTTTGGCCGCGAACTTTTACTAAATTGTCCCATACAA
ATCCCCAAATCCAACCACGTTTATGTAGCTTAATAGTAAAGCAAGGCACTGAAAATGCCTAGACGAGTTA
TATAATTCCATAAACATAAAGGTTTGGTCCTAGCCTTCCCATTAGCTACTAACAAGATTACACATGTAAG
TCTCCGCGCTCCAGTGAAAATGCCCTTTGGACCCTAAAGCGATCTGAAGGAGCGGGCATCAAGCACACCT
CTCCCCGGTAGCTTATAACGCCTTGCTTAGCCACGCCCCCACGGGATACAGCAGTGATAAAAATTAAGCC
ATGAACGAAAGTTCGACTAAGCTATGTTGATTAAGGGTTGGTTAATTTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATA
CGATTGACCCGAGTTAATAGGCCCACGGCGTAAAGCGTGTGAAAGAGAAATTCTCCCTACTAAAGTTAAA
GTTTAATCCAGCTGTAAAAAGCTATCAGTAACACTAAAATAAGCTACGAAAGTGACTTTAATGCTCTCAA
CCACACGACAGCTAAGATCCAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCTTAGCCTTAAACATAAATAATTT
ATTAAACAAAATTATTCGCCAGAGAACTACTAGCAACAGCTTAAAACTCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTTTA
ACCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTATAATCGATAAACCCCGATAGACCTCACCACCTCTTGCTAATTCAGT
CTATATACCGCCATCTTCAGCAAACCCTTAAAAGGAACAAGAGTAAGCACAATCATCTTGCATAAAAAAG
TTAGGTCAAGGTGTAACCCATGGGGTGGAAAGAAATGGGCTACATTTTCTATTCAAGAACAACTTACGAA
AGTTTTTATGAAACTAAAAACTAAAGGTGGATTTAGTAGTAAATCAAGAATAGAGAGCTTGATTGAATAA
GGCAATGAAGCATGCACACACCGCCCGTCACCCTCCTCAAGTGGCACAAGCCAAACACAACCTATTGAAA
CCAAATAAAACGCAAGAGGAGGCAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAAGCATACTGGAAAGTGTGCTTGGACGGATCA
AAGTGTAGCTTAAACAAAGCATCTAGCTTACACCCAGAGGATTTCACGCATGTGACCACTTTGAACCCAG
AGCTAGCCCAGATAACAACTAACCAAACTACCATAGACCAATTAAATAAAACATTCAGTAGTATAATTAA
AGTATAGGAGATAGAAATTCTTTTAATCGGAGCTATAGAGAGAGTACCGCAAGGGAATGATGAAAGATTA
CTTAAAGTAACAAACAGCAAAGATTACCCCTCCTACCTTTTGCATAATGAGTTAGCCAGAAATAACCTAA
CAAAGAGAACTTAAGCTAGGTTCCCCGAAACCAGACGAGCTACCTATGAACAATCCACTGGGATGAACTC
ATCTATGTTGCAAAATAGTGAGAAGATTTATAGGTAGAGGTGAAAGGCCTAACGAGCCTGGTGATAGCTG
GTTGCCCAGAATAGAATTTTAGTTCAACTTTAAACTTGCCTACAAAACTTAAAAATTTTAATGCAAGTTT
AAAATATATTCTAAAAAGGTACAGCTTTTTAGAATCAAGGATACAGCCTTACTTAGAGAGTAAATACTGA
TTAAATCATAGTAGGCCTAGAAGCAGCCATCAATTAAGAAAGCGTTTAAGCTCAACACCCATATCAACTT
GATACCAAAAATATCTAATTAACTCCTAATATAATAACTGGGCTAATCTATTTAAATATAGAAGCAACAA
TGCTAATATGAGTAACGAGAAGTACTTCTCCAACGCATAAGCTTATAACAGCAACGGATAACCACTGATA
GTTAACAACAACGTAGAAATAATCCAACAATAAAACACCTACCAAACCAATTGTTAATCCAACACAGGTA
TGCGACTAAGGAAAGATTAAAAGAAGTAAAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACAAACCCCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAA
CATCACCTCCAGCATTCCCAGTATTGGAGGCACTGCCTGCCCGGTGACATCAGTTAAACGGCCGCGGTAT
CCTGACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCATAATCATTTGTTCTCTAAATAAGGACTTGTATGAAAGGCCACACGAGGG
TTTAACTGTCTCTTACTTCCAATCAGTGAAATTGACCTTCCCGTGAAGAGGCGGGAATAAAATAATAAGA
CGAGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTCAATTAATTAGCTCAAAAGGATTTATTTACCAGACCGACAGGAACAACA
TATTCCTTCCATGAGCTAGCAATTTAGGTTGGGGCGACCTCGGAGTACAAAATAACCTCCGAGTGATATT
AATCTAGACGTACCAGTCAAAATGCTCACTTACTTATTGATCCAAAGCTTCTTTGATCAACGGAACAAGT
TACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTATTTAAGAGTCCATATCGACAATAGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTT
GGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCAGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAAAGTCCTACGTGA
TCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCGGTTTCTATCTATTTAAATGACCTCTCCCAGTACGAAAGGA
CAAGAGAAGTAAGGCCTCCCTCACCAAAGCGCCTTAAGACCAATAGATGACTTAGTCTAAACCTAGTAAG
TCTACCCCCAACGTTGCCCAAGAGACAGGGCTTTGTTAGGGTGGCAGAGCCCGGTGATTGCATAAAACTT
AAACCTTTATACTCAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTCCCTAACACTATGTTTATAATTAACATTATCTCACTAGT
CGTACCCATTCTCCTCGCCGTAGCCTTCTTAACACTAGTGGAGCGAAAAGTACTGGGCTACATACAACTT
CGTAAAGGGCCAAACATTGTAGGACCCTATGGTCTCCTACAACCTATCGCAGATGCTACAAAACTTTTTA
CCAAAGAACCCTTGCGCCCACTCACATCGTCCACAACTATATTTATTATAGCCCCTATTCTAGCCCTAAC
ACTAGCCCTAACTATATGAGTTCCCCTACCAATGCCATATCCCCTTGTCAATATAAACCTCGGAGTACTG
TTTATATTAGCAATATCAAGCTTAGCTGTATATTCTATCCTTTGATCGGGATGGGCTTCAAACTCAAAAT
ACGCTCTGATTGGAGCCCTACGAGCCGTAGCCCAGACAATTTCATATGAAGTTACATTAGCCATTATTCT
CCTATCAGTCCTACTAATAAATGGCTCATTCACACTCTCTACTTTAATTACTACTCAAGAACACCTCTGA
CTAATTTTCCCCACATGACCTCTGGCCATAATATGATTTATTTCTACCCTAGCGGAAACTAACCGAGCCC
CTTTTGACCTAGCAGAAGGAGAGTCAGAATTAGTCTCAGGTTTCAACGTCGAGTACGCAGCAGGTCCATT
CGCCTTATTTTTCTTAGCAGAATATACCAACATTATTATAATAAATGCCCTCACGACTATCCTATTCTTT
GGAGCATTTCATAACCCCTATATACCAGAACTATACACTGTCAACTTCACTGTAAAAACACTCCTCCTAA
CAGCTTCTTTCCTATGAATCCGCGCATCCTACCCTCGATTCCGATACGATCAACTAATACACCTGCTATG
AAAAAATTTCCTACCCCTCACACTGGCCCTGTGCATGTGACATGTAACACTACCCATTATCACAGCAAGC
ATTCCTCCTCAAATATAAGAAATATGTCTGACAAAAGAATTACTTTGATAGAGTAAATAATAGAGGTTAG
AATCCTCTTATTTCTAGAATTATAGGAATCGAACCTAATCTTAAGAACTCAAAAATCTTCGTGCTACCTA
ATTACACCATATCCTAAAGTAAGGTCAGCTAAATAAGCTATCGGGCCCATACCCCGAAAATGTTGGTTTA
TCCCCTTCCCGTACTAATAAAACCTCCTATTCTAATCATTATCACATCCACCATTATCCTAGGAACCATG
ATCGTTCTATTTAGCTCCCATTGACTCATAATCTGAATTGGCTTTGAAATGAACATACTAGCCATTATCC
CAATCCTAATGAAAAAATTTAATCCACGAGCCATAGAAGCTTCTACAAAATATTTCCTCACACAAGCCAC
CGCATCCATGCTCCTGATACTAGGCATTATTATCAATCTACTACATTCAGGGCACTGAACAATCTCAATA
ATCCCCAACCCAATCGCATCAACCGTAATCACCATTGCCCTAGCAATAAAACTTGGCCTATCCCCCTTTC
ACTTTTGAGTTCCAGAAGTCACACAAGGCGTTCCTTTGTCCTCAGGAATGATTCTACTAACATGACAAAA
AATCGCACCTCTATCCGTCCTATACCAAATCTCACCGTCCATCAATCCAAACCTGCTAGTAGCAATAGCC
GCTACATCCGTATTAGTAGGAGGCTGAGGAGGACTAAACCAAACTCAACTCCGAAAAATCCTAGCATACT
CTTCAATCGCTCACATGGGCTGAATAGCTGCCATCATAGTATATAATCCTACCCTAATAATCCTTAACCT
TACAATCTACATCATAATAACTCTAGGGACATTTATACTATTCATGTACAATCTATCTACAACAACATTA
TCACTGTCCCACACATGAAATAAATTACCACTAATTGCCTCACTAATCCTAGCACTTATACTATCACTAG
GCGGCCTCCCTCCTCTCTCAGGCTTTATTCCCAAATGAATAATTATTCAAGAGTTGACAAAAAATGACAT
AATTGTTATACCCATATTCATAGCCATCACAGCTCTACTAAACCTTTATTTCTACATGCGCCTAGCATAC
GCTACAGCACTAACAATGTTTCCCTCGGCAAACAATACAAAAATAAAATGACAATTTGAAAGCATAAAAA
AAATAATCTTCCTACCCCCTCTAATCGTAGCATCAACCATACTCCTCCCACTAACTCCAATACTCTCAAT
CATGGACTAGAGATTTAGGCTAAAATAGACCAAGGGCCTTCAAAGCCCTAAGTAAGTGAAATTCACTTAA
TCTCTGTAACTATTTAAGGACTGCAAGAGCATATCTCACATCAATTGAACGCAAAACAACCGCTTTAATT
AAGCTAAGCCCTTCTAGATCGGTGGGCTTTTATCCCACAAAATTTTAGTTAACAGCTAAAAACCCCAAAC
AACTGGCTTCAATCTACTTCTCCCGCCGCGTGGAAAAAAAAGGCGGGAGAAGCCCCGGCAGAATTGAATC
TGCTTCTTTGAATTTGCAATTCAATATGATTATTCACCACAGAGCTTGGCAAAAAGAGGACTTACCTCTA
TTCTTAGATTTACAGTCTAGTGCTTTTATCAGCCATTTTACCTATGTTCATAAGCCGGTGATTATTCTCT
ACGAACCATAAAGACATTGGCACTCTTTACCTTCTGTTCGGTGCATGAGCCGGAATAGTGGGCACTGCCC
TCAGCCTTTTAATTCGTGCCGAGCTGGGTCAGCCCGGGGCTCTGTTGGGGGATGATCAGATCTACAATGT
AATCGTAACTGCCCATGCATTCGTGATAATCTTCTTCATAGTTATGCCTATTATAATTGGGGGATTCGGG
AACTGATTAGTGCCCTTGATGATCGGTGCTCCCGACATAGCGTTCCCTCGAATAAATAACATAAGCTTCT
GGTTGCTGCCACCATCTTTCTTACTGCTTCTGGCCTCCTCTATGGTAGAAGCAGGTGCAGGGACTGGATG
AACTGTCTATCCTCCTCTAGCGGGTAATCTGGCCCATGCAGGAGCATCGGTAGACTTAACAATCTTTTCT
CTGCACCTAGCAGGCATCTCTTCTATTCTGGGGGCTATCAATTTCATCACTACTATTGTTAACATGAAAC
CCCCTGCAATATCTCAATATCAAACCCCTCTGTTTGTATGATCAGTCCTAATCACAGCAGTACTTCTTCT
TTTATCTCTACCAGTCTTAGCGGCTGGAATTACTATACTACTTACAGATCGAAACCTTAACACTACCTTT
TTTGATCCAGCTGGAGGAGGAGACCCTATTTTATATCAACACTTGTTCTGATTCTTCGGACATCCTGAGG
TTTACATTCTAATCCTTCCTGGGTTCGGAATGATCTCTCACATTGTCACTTATTATTCAGGAAAAAAAGA
ACCTTTTGGCTATATAGGAATAGTCTGAGCGATAATATCCATTGGATTCTTAGGATTTATCGTGTGAGCT
CATCATATGTTTACCGTAGGTATAGACGTTGACACACGAGCTTACTTCACTTCAGCTACCATAATCATTG
CTATCCCGACAGGAGTCAAAGTATTTAGCTGACTAGCCACTCTGCACGGAGGGAATATTAAATGATCTCC
CGCTATGATGTGAGCCCTGGGCTTTATCTTCCTGTTTACAGTAGGAGGCCTTACAGGAATTGTCCTAGCT
AATTCATCTCTAGACATCGTTCTCCATGACACGTACTATGTGGTAGCCCATTTTCACTACGTGCTGTCAA
TGGGAGCTGTTTTCGCCATCATAGGAGGATTTGCCCACTGATTCCCACTATTTTCAGGCTACACACTTAA
CAACACATGAGCAAAAATTCACTTTATAATTATATTCATCGGGGTTAATATGACATTCTTTCCTCAGCAT
TTTCTAGGCCTGTCAGGAATACCTCGGCGATATTCCGACTATCCAGATGCCTATACAACATGAAACACAG
TATCTTCTATAGGCTCATTTATTTCACTAACAGCAGTTATGCTAATAATTTTCATGATTTGGGAGGCCTT
TGCATCAAAACGAGAGGTGGCAGTGGTAGAACTCACCTCAACCAACATTGAATGACTACATGGATGCCCT
CCTCCATATCACACATTCGAAGAACCTGCCTACGTCACACTAAAATAAGAAAGGAAGGAGTCGAACCCTC
TGGAATTGGTTTCAAGCCAATATCATAACCACTATGTCTCTCTCAATAAAGAGATATTAGTAAAAATTAC
ATAACTTTGTCAGGGTTAAATTATAGGTGAAAATCCTTTATATCTTTATGGCATGTCCCTTCCAAATAGG
TCTTCAAGATGCAACTTCTCCTATCATAGAGGAACTTCTGCATTTTCATGACCATACATTAATAATTGTG
TTCCTAATTAGCTCCCTGGTTCTCTATATCATCTCAACTATACTAACCACCAAATTAACATACACAAGTA
CAATAGACGCACAAGAAGTAGAGACTGTGTGAACTATCCTGCCAGCTATTATCTTGATTCTGATTGCACT
CCCATCACTACGGATCCTCTATATGATGGATGAGATCAATAGTCCCTCACTAACTGTAAAAACCATGGGC
CACCAGTGATATTGAAGTTACGAATATACAGATTATGAAGATTTAAACTTTGACTCCTATATGATTCCGA
CACAAGAACTAAAGCCTGGAGAATTGCGGTTATTAGAAGTGGACAATCGAGTAGTGCTGCCCATAGAAAT
AACGATCCGTATGCTGATCTCGTCAGAAGACGTCTTGCATTCATGAGCTGTACCATCCCTAGGGCTAAAA
ACTGATGCAATCCCAGGACGGCTAAACCAGACAACTCTCATAGCTATGCGACCGGGGCTATATTACGGCC
AATGCTCAGAAATTTGTGGCTCCAATCACAGTTTTATACCTATTGTCCTCGAGCTAGTCCCACTATCCTA
TTTTGAAGAATGATCCGCTTCAATACTATAGAATCATTGAGAAGCTAACATAGCGTTAACCTTTTAAGTT
AAAGACTGAGAATGCAAACTTCTCCTTAATGAAGATGCCACAACTAGACACATCAACATGGTCTATTACA
ATTCTATCCATAGCTCTAACACTATTTATCGCCCTCCAATTAAAAGTCTCAAAATATAAATACCCTGAGA
CCCCCGAGCCGAAATCTCTCTCATCATTAAAAAAGCTTGTGCCTTGAGAAGAAAAATGAACGAAAATTTA
TTTACCTCTTTTATCACCCCAACGATAGTGGGAATTCCTATTGTACTTTTAATTATTATGTTTCCGAGCA
TTTTATTTCCTTCCCCCAGTCGACTGATCGACAATCGCTTAGTATCTATTCAACAGTGACTAGTTCGGCT
AACATCAAAACAAATATTATCCATTCATAGCCACAAAGGACAAACCTGGGCACTAATATTGATATCACTA
ATCCTATTTATTGGCTCAACTAATCTTCTGGGACTATTGCCGCACTCATTCACACCTACCACTCAGCTGT
CAATGAACCTAGGAATGGCTATTCCCTTATGGGCAGGTACAGTTGCTACTGGATTCCGATACAAGACCAA
AGCATCCTTGGCTCACTTTCTACCTCAAGGAACACCTTTCCCTCTAATCCCGATACTCGTAATTATTGAA
ACAATCAGCCTATTTATCCAACCTGTGGCCCTGGCCGTGCGACTAACCGCTAATATTACTGCAGGCCATT
TGCTCATTCATTTAATTGGGGGAGCTACCTTGACTCTAACAAGTATTAGTACTATTACAGCCTTTATCAC
CTTTACCGTTCTAGTGCTACTTACTATTCTCGAGTTCGCTGTAGCCCTCATTCAGGCCTACGTCTTCACC
CTGCTAGTAAGCTTGTACCTACACGATAACACTTAATGACTCACCAAACACATGCATACCATATAGTTAA
CCCAAGCCCATGACCACTAACAGGAGCCCTCTCAGCCCTCCTTATAACATCAGGACTAATTATGTGATTT
CACTTTAACTCCATACTCTTGTTATTGCTAGGCCTTACAACCAATATACTTACCATATATCAATGGTGAC
GGGATATTATTCGAGAGAGTACATTTCAAGGCCATCACACTCCTGCTGTCCAAAAGGGACTACGGTATGG
AATAGTCTTATTTATCGTATCAGAAGTATTCTTCTTTGCAGGATTCTTCTGAGCTTTTTATCACTCAAGC
CTAGCACCCACTCCCGAACTAGGAGCATGCTGACCGCCCACAGGTATTACTCCCCTGAACCCGCTAGAAG
TACCACTTCTCAATACTTCAGTACTTCTTGCATCCGGAGTATCCATTACCTGAGCTCATCACAGCTTAAT
AGAGGGAAGCCGCAAGCACATACTCCAAGCCCTATTCATTACTATCTCTCTAGGCGTGTACTTTACACTC
CTACAAGCCTCAGAGTACTATGAGGCATCCTTCACTATTTCAGATGGAGTCTACGGCTCAACTTTTTTCA
TAGCGACTGGATTTCACGGACTTCATGTAATCATTGGCTCAACTTTTCTCACAGTCTGTTTCCTACGACA
ACTACACTTTCATTTCACATCAAGTCACCATTTCGGCTTTGAAGCAGCAGCATGATATTGACACTTCGTA
GATGTCGTATGACTATTCCTATATGTTTCCATCTATTGATGAGGGTCCTGCTTCTTTAGTATCGATCAGT
ACAATTGACTTCCAATCAATAAGCTCTAGCGCAGTCCAGAAAGAAGCAATCAACTTAATCTTAGCACTAT
TTACCAACATACTACTAGCCTCCTTACTCGTTCTTATTGCCTTCTGACTACCACAGTTAAATATTTACGC
AGAGAAAGCAAGCCCCTATGAATGCGGGTTTGACCCCATGGGATCGGCACGCCTCCCTTTTTCCATGAAA
TTCTTCCTAGTAGCTATTACATTTCTACTATTTGACCTAGAAATTGCACTACTCCTCCCTCTTCCCTGAG
CATCACAAACTGACAACTTAATAACGATACTCACCATAGCGTTACTGCTTATCTCCCTACTAGCTGTAAG
CCTGGCCTATGAATGAGCTGAAAAAGGTCTAGAATGGGCCGAATATGATAATTAGTTTAAACCAAAACAA
GTGATTTCGACTCACTAGATTATGAATAATAACATAATTATCAAGTGCCTGTAGTCTATGTTAATATTTT
CTTAGCCTTCATTGTATCCCTAATAGGACTGCTCGTTTATCGATCCCATCTAATATCCTCCCTGCTCTGC
CTAGAGGGTATAATGCTATCTCTATTTGTCATGCTAACAGTAACAGTTTTAAACAATCACTTCACACTGG
CTAATATAGCTCCTATCATCCTGCTAGTATTCGCTGCCTGCGAGGCAGCACTAGGACTGTCCCTGCTAGT
AATAGTCTCCAACACTTACGGAACTGATTATGTACAAAACCTCAATCTCTTACAATGCTAAAAATCATCT
TTCCCACTATAATATTAGTACCTCTTACATGAGCATCAAAGCCCAATATAATTTGGATCAATACAACAGC
TTACAGCCTGCTTATCAGTCTTATCAGCTTGACATATCTCAACCAACTCAGTGATAATAGCCTAAACTTC
TCATTGCTATTCTTTACCGACTCCCTATCAGCCCCCCTATTAACCCTCACAACATGACTACTACCCCTGA
TACTAATGGCGAGTCAATTTCACCTGTCAAAGGAAACTCTGACCCGAAAGAAATTATACATCACCATACT
AGTCCTTCTACAACTATTCCTGATCATAACCTTTTCTGCTATAGAGCTAATCCTATTCTATATCTTGTTC
GAAGCCACCCTAGTGCCCACTCTGGTTATTATCACTCGATGAGGAAATCAAACAGAACGACTAAACGCGG
GCCTTTACTTTCTGTTTTATACTCTAGTAGGGTCTCTGCCATTACTAATTGCACTGCTACACACCCAAAA
TAATCTAGGCTCCCTAAATTTTCTCTTAATACAATACTGAATCCAGCCTCTGCCAAATTCCTGATCTAGT
ATATTTCTGTGACTAGCGTGTATAATGGCATTTATGGTAAAAATACCCCTATACGGTCTTCATCTGTGAT
TACCAAAAGCACACGTAGAGGCACCTATTGCAGGATCTATAGTACTTGCTGCCGTACTCCTAAAACTAGG
AGGCTATGGCATGATACGAATTACAACACTACTTAGTCCTTTAACGAGCTTCATGGCTTACCCCTTCATA
ATACTCTCGCTATGGGGCATAATTATAACAAGTTCTATCTGCCTACGCCAAACGGATTTAAAGTCCCTAA
TTGCTTATTCCTCTGTTAGTCACATGGCCCTAGTCATTGTAGCAGTATTAATCCAAACCCCATGAAGCTA
TATAGGAGCAACAGCCTTAATAATCGCCCACGGACTAACATCCTCCTTGCTATTCTGTCTTGCAAACTCC
AACTATGAACGAACCCATAGCCGAACTATGATCCTCGCGCGAGGCCTACAAACACTTCTCCCACTTATGG
CAGCTTGATGACTACTAGCAAGTCTCACTAATCTATCACTCCCTCCTACCATCAACCTTATCGGAGAACT
GTTTGTAGTAGTAGCTACATTTTCATGGTCTAACATCACCATCACTCTAATAGGAACCAACATTATCATT
ACTGCCCTCTACTCCCTCTACATACTAATCACCACACAACGAGGCAAGTGCACAAACCATGTCAAAAGTA
TTAAACCATCCTTTACACGAGAAAACGCCCTGATAGCTCTCCATCTCTTACCCCTCCTGCTACTATCCCT
TAATCCCAAAATAATTCTAGGACCTATTTACTGTAAATATAGTTTAACAAAAACATTAGATTGTGAATCT
AATAATAAAAGCCCAAGTCTTTTTATTTACCGAAAAAGTACGCAAGAACTGCTAATTCATGCGTCCATGT
CTAAAATCATGGCTTTTTCAACTTTTAAAGGATGGAAGTAATCCATTGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAAAATTGG
TGCAACTCCAAATAAAAGTAATCAATCTGTTTACTTCCTCTATTATCACAACTTTGCTCATATTAACGAT
ACCGATTATCCTCACCAGCGCTTCAACACACAAAAATAAATCCTACCCACAATATGTAAAAACTACAGTC
TCTTATGCTTTCATAATCAGTACTATTCCCATAGTAATATTTCTCTACTCAGGGCAAGAAGTAATTATTT
CAAACTGACATTGAATAACTATTCAAACCCTAAAGCTAACTCTAAGCTTTAAGCTAGACTACTTCTCAAT
AATTTTCATGCCAGTAGCCCTGTTCGTCACATGATCGATCATGGAGTTTTCCATTTGATACATACACACC
GACCTCAACATCAACCATTTCTTCAAATACCTACTCATATTCCTTATCACTATAATAATTCTAGTGACCG
CAAATAATCTACTTCAACTATTCATCGGCTGAGAAGGAGTAGGGATCATATCTTTCCTCCTTATCGGGTG
GTGGTACGGACGAGCAGACGCCAATACAGCCGCTCTACAAGCAGTCCTATACAATCGCATCGGAGATGTA
GGCTTTATCATAGCTATAGCCTGATTTTTACTCAATACAAATGCATGAGACTTCCAACAAATCTTTGCAA
TTGAACATGAAAACCTTAGCATTCCACTAGCAGGACTGCTCCTAGCAGCCACTGGAAAATCAGCCCAATT
CGGCCTTCATCCATGACTCCCATCAGCTATAGAAGGACCTACTCCTGTTTCAGCCCTACTCCACTCTAGT
ACAATAGTAGTAGCAGGGGTATTTCTTCTAATCCGATTTTACCCCCTAATAGAACACAACAAGACTATCC
AAACGGCCACTTTATGCCTAGGTGCAATAACTACCCTATTTACAGCAGCCTGTGCTCTCACCCAGAATGA
TATCAAAAAGATCATTGCCTTTTCCACCTCAAGCCAGCTAGGACTAATAATCGTAACAATTGGAATTAAT
CAGCCTCACCTAGCATTCCTTCATATCTGCATACACGCATTTTTCAAGGCCATACTATTTATATGCTCCG
GGTCCATTATCCACAGCTTGAATGATGAACAAGACATCCGAAAAATAGGAGGTCTATTCAAAGCCCTGCC
ACTTACCACTACCGCATTAATTATCGGAGTCCTAGCACTCACAGGTATACCTTTCCTAACAGGATTCTAC
TCTAAAGACCTAATTATCGAAACCGCCAACACGTCGTACACCAACGCCTGAGCCCTACTAACAACTCTCG
TTGCCACATCCATAACCGCTGCCTACAGTACTCGAATCGTATTCTTTGTACTTCTAGGACAACCTCGCTT
TAACCCTGTCATTATTATCAACGAGAATAACCCTCTCCTAATCAATTCCATCAAGCGCCTACTTCTAGGA
AGTATTTTCGCAGGATACCTAATCTTCCACAATATTACACCCACTACCATCCCACAAACAACCATACCCT
ACTATCTAAAAATAATAGCCCTCGCGGTCACCATGTTAGGTTTTATCCTGGCATTAGAACTTAACTCTAC
CACACAAACTCTCAAACTTGACTATCCACAAAATCCATTCAAATTCTCCATTCAACTAGGATACTTCCCC
ATTATTACTCACCGCCTCCTGCCAATAATGAGCTTATCAATAAGCCAAAAAATGGCATCTATATTACTAG
ACACAACCTGACTAGAAAATGTACTACCAAAATCCATCTCCTACTTCCAAATAAAATCTTCAATCACAGT
CTCTAACCAGAAAGGACTAATTAAACTATATTTCCTCTCTTTCATGATCACATTAACCCTAAGCTTCTTC
GTACTTAATTTCCACGAGTAACTTCCATAATTACTAGCACACCAATAAGAAGAGATCACCCAGTGACAAT
AACTAATCAAGTTCCATAACTGTATAAAGCCGCAATCCCCATGGCTTCCTCACTAAAAAACCCCGAATCC
CCCGTATCATAAATTACTCAATCGCCTATTCCATTAAATTTAAATACAATCTCAACTTCATCATCTTTCA
AGACATAACAAGCAATCAATAACTCAGATAATAGACCCACGATAAATGCACCTAATACAGCTTTGTTAGA
GACTCAAACCTCAGGATACTGCTCAGTGGCCATGGCCGTAGTATAACCAAAAACCACAAGCATTCCACCT
AAATAAATTAAAAAAACTATTAAACCTAAAAAAGACCCCCCAAAACTTAACACAATACCACACCCAACAC
CCCCACTAATAATTAAAACTAACCCCCCATAAATGGGAGAAGGCTTAGAAGAAAACCCTACAAAACCCAT
CACAAAAATGACACTTAAAATAAATACAATATACATTATCATTATTCCCACATGGAATCTAACCATGACT
AGTGACATGAAAAATCACTGTTGTACTTCAACTACAAGAACCTTAATGACCAACATCCGAAAAACCCACC
CATTAGCTAAAATCATCAACAACTCATTTATTGACCTTCCAACACCATCAAACATCTCAGCATGATGAAA
CTTTGGATCCCTCCTCGGAGTATGTTTAATCCTACAGATTCTAACAGGCCTGTTCCTAGCCATACACTAT
ACATCAGACACAACCACAGCTTTTTCATCAGTCACCCACATTTGCCGAGACGTTCACTACGGATGAGTTA
TCCGATATGTACATGCAAATGGAGCCTCCATCTTCTTTATCTGCCTATTTATGCACGTAGGACGGGGCCT
GTACTATGGCTCATACCTATTCTCAGAAACATGAAACATCGGCATCATTCTCCTATTTACAGTTATAGCC
ACCGCATTTATAGGATACGTCCTACCCTGAGGCCAAATGTCCTTCTGAGGAGCGACTGTCATCACCAATC
TACTATCAGCCATTCCCTACATCGGAACGGACCTGGTAGAATGAATCTGAGGGGGCTTTTCCGTAGATAA
GGCGACTCTAACACGATTCTTTGCTTTCCACTTTATTCTCCCGTTCATCATCCTAGCACTAGCAGCAGTC
CATCTATTGTTCCTACACGAAACAGGATCCAACAACCCCTCTGGAATCCCATCTGACTCAGACAAAATCC
CATTCCATCCATACTATACAATTAAGGATATCTTAGGCGCCCTACTTCTCGCCCTAACCTTAGCAACCCT
AGTCCTATTCTCGCCCGACTTACTAGGAGACCCTGATAACTATACCCCCGCAAATCCACTGAGCACTCCA
CCCCACATCAAACCCGAGTGGTACTTTCTATTTGCCTACGCTATCCTACGATCCATCCCTAATAAACTAG
GAGGAGTACTAGCACTAATTTTCTCCATTCTAATCCTAGCCATCATTCCTCTCCTACACACGTCCAAACA
ACGAGGAATGATATTCCGACCCCTAAGCCAATGCCTATTTTGACTTCTAGTAGCAGACCTACTAACACTA
ACATGAATTGGAGGACAACCAGTAGAACATCCCTTCATTATTATCGGACAACTAGCCTCCATTCTCTACT
TTACAATCCTCCTAGTACTTATACCCGTCGCTGGAATTATTGAAAACAACCTCTTAAAGTGGAGAGTCTT
TGTAGTATAGCAATTACCTTGGTCTTGTAAGCCAAAAACGGAGAATACTCACCCTCCCTAAGACTCAAGG
AAGAAGCAACAGCTCCACTACCAGCACCCAAAGCTAATGTTCTATTTAAACTATTCCCTGGTACATACTA
TTATTTTACTCCATGTCTTATTCATTTCATATATACCATCTTATGTACTGTATCATCGCAGTATGTCCTC
GAATACTTTTCCCCCCCTATGTACGTCGTGCATTAATGGCGTGCCCCATGCATATAAGCATGTACATATT
ACGCTTGGCCTTACATAAGGACTTACGTTCCGAAAGCTTATTTCAGGTGTATGGTCTGTAAGCATGTATT
TCACTTAGTCCGGGAGCTTAATCACCAGGCCTCGAGAAACCAGCAATCCTTGCGAGTACGTGTACCTCTT
CTCGCTCCGGGCCCATGGAATGTGGGGGTTTCTATGCTGAAACTATATCTGGCATCTGGTTCTTACCTCA
GGGCCATGACAGCTCTAGATTCCAATCCTACTAACCCTTCAAATGGGACATCTCGATGGACTAATGACTA
ATCAGCCCAT
Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.