Viewing data for Oncorhynchus nerka


Scientific name Oncorhynchus nerka
Common name Sockeye salmon
Maximum lifespan 8.00 years (Oncorhynchus nerka@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16658 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7695 8963 4817 2878 4365 4598
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 462 538 289 173 262 276
Base content (%) 46.2% 53.8%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11414 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5285 6129 3486 1799 3137 2992
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 463 537 305 158 275 262
Base content (%) 46.3% 53.7%
D-loop (size: 1004 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 396 608 236 160 303 305
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 394 606 235 159 302 304
Base content (%) 39.4% 60.6%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 704 847 396 308 386 461
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 454 546 255 199 249 297
Base content (%) 45.4% 54.6%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2625 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1273 1352 679 594 524 828
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 485 515 259 226 200 315
Base content (%) 48.5% 51.5%
12S rRNA gene (size: 947 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 477 470 257 220 190 280
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 504 496 271 232 201 296
Base content (%) 50.4% 49.6%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1678 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 796 882 422 374 334 548
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 474 526 251 223 199 327
Base content (%) 47.4% 52.6%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 302 382 215 87 207 175
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 442 558 314 127 303 256
Base content (%) 44.2% 55.8%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 78 90 56 22 41 49
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 464 536 333 131 244 292
Base content (%) 46.4% 53.6%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 712 839 426 286 448 391
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 459 541 275 184 289 252
Base content (%) 45.9% 54.1%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 304 387 189 115 199 188
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 440 560 274 166 288 272
Base content (%) 44.0% 56.0%
COX3 (size: 786 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 373 413 234 139 229 184
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 475 525 298 177 291 234
Base content (%) 47.5% 52.5%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 545 596 352 193 329 267
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 478 522 309 169 288 234
Base content (%) 47.8% 52.2%
ND1 (size: 975 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 474 501 308 166 265 236
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 486 514 316 170 272 242
Base content (%) 48.6% 51.4%
ND2 (size: 1050 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 486 564 341 145 282 282
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 463 537 325 138 269 269
Base content (%) 46.3% 53.7%
ND3 (size: 351 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 174 177 115 59 99 78
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 496 504 328 168 282 222
Base content (%) 49.6% 50.4%
ND4 (size: 1381 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 625 756 416 209 393 363
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 453 547 301 151 285 263
Base content (%) 45.3% 54.7%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 146 151 95 51 81 70
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 492 508 320 172 273 236
Base content (%) 49.2% 50.8%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 814 1025 555 259 500 525
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 443 557 302 141 272 285
Base content (%) 44.3% 55.7%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 257 265 187 70 70 195
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 492 508 358 134 134 374
Base content (%) 49.2% 50.8%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (9.69%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 54 (23.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 8 5 15 9 19 3 6 8 0 5 2 5 1 8 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 6 7 5 1 3 7 1 0 5 6 6 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 8 2 2 2 0 0 0 4 2 2 0 2 4 5 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
48 81 65 34
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 62 32 108
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 72 78 65
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPAPWFAILVFSWLVFLTVIPPKVLGHTFTNEPTSQSTEKAKPEPWNWPWH*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 5 2 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 1 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
11 17 15 13
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
7 19 14 16
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 20 20 12
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 46 (8.91%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 30 (5.81%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 37 (7.17%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 39 (7.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (12.02%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 24 (4.65%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (2.71%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.13%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.36%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
18 24 18 13 11 20 4 14 2 5 9 9 13 8 22 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 0 1 13 22 10 1 5 12 20 10 3 9 13 3 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 13 1 6 8 8 3 0 5 8 10 2 0 5 10 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 7 4 3 11 7 1 1 0 6 2 0 0 1 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
157 111 131 118
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
79 136 93 209
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
50 179 167 121
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 16 (6.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 22 (9.61%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 28 (12.23%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.68%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.55%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 11 8 13 6 4 0 5 8 0 7 8 4 3 2 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 1 1 3 6 4 3 2 2 4 1 4 6 3 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 3 0 5 6 2 0 0 3 5 4 0 0 2 2 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 12 3 7 6 5 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 61 52 42
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 53 64 88
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 75 72 68
COX3 (size: 786 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (8.43%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (8.05%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 25 (9.58%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (6.51%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 33 (12.64%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 14 (5.36%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (2.3%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.2%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.6%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.83%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.45%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.13%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 5 3 11 5 6 5 5 8 1 7 4 4 2 10 14
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 2 5 9 6 1 6 11 3 2 2 7 3 0 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 8 1 5 1 3 0 0 3 1 11 1 1 2 0 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 7 3 0 5 2 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 69 52 66
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
44 67 57 94
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
20 98 75 69
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 35 (9.23%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 23 (6.07%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 58 (15.3%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 30 (7.92%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.69%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.32%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 17 (4.49%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 17 7 14 15 10 9 8 7 0 7 9 8 2 10 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 2 2 5 22 8 0 1 10 8 8 5 4 9 3 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 6 2 5 10 5 2 1 0 4 10 3 2 5 12 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 4 1 4 7 8 1 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
104 96 87 93
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 100 75 152
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
36 156 105 83
ND1 (size: 975 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 36 (11.11%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (6.48%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 20 (6.17%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 26 (8.02%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 65 (20.06%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (5.56%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.41%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (5.25%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.7%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (3.09%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.16%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 13 6 13 15 25 5 7 6 1 8 5 11 2 9 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 6 15 12 3 1 4 7 6 8 12 3 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 5 2 4 6 6 0 0 5 3 9 4 0 3 7 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 10 1 2 2 6 1 1 0 4 3 0 0 0 1 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
95 101 68 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 96 56 134
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
32 111 112 70
ND2 (size: 1050 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.16%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 40 (11.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 25 (7.16%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 41 (11.75%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (3.72%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 80 (22.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 23 (6.59%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.44%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.44%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (2.87%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.87%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.44%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
15 8 9 19 21 23 6 7 11 1 6 2 4 1 6 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 1 5 15 19 1 3 4 7 4 3 8 8 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
21 11 2 6 6 8 0 1 4 4 4 1 4 5 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 5 2 0 0 7 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 111 99 62
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 120 53 138
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
28 110 130 82
ND3 (size: 1050 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (5.16%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 40 (11.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 25 (7.16%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 41 (11.75%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (3.72%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 80 (22.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 23 (6.59%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.44%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.44%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (2.87%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.15%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.87%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (3.44%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.01%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.29%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
15 8 9 19 21 23 6 7 11 1 6 2 4 1 6 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 1 5 15 19 1 3 4 7 4 3 8 8 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
21 11 2 6 6 8 0 1 4 4 4 1 4 5 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 5 2 0 0 7 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 111 99 62
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 120 53 138
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
28 110 130 82
ND4 (size: 1381 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 35 (7.63%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (6.97%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (8.5%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (1.09%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (3.05%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 95 (20.7%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 38 (8.28%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (3.7%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (2.83%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 20 (4.36%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.09%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
20 18 19 19 20 24 9 21 11 1 2 7 4 1 7 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 2 3 10 14 8 3 5 6 8 8 5 14 6 1 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
17 13 2 5 13 6 0 3 5 5 8 4 2 5 6 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 9 3 2 3 9 1 2 4 2 3 0 0 0 0 16
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
93 133 132 102
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
71 124 75 190
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
45 159 156 100
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 14 (14.29%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 23 (23.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 3 4 7 9 0 3 2 1 0 0 2 1 4 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 2 1 1 7 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 2 0 1 2 3 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
27 32 19 21
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
16 29 14 40
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
8 34 37 20
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 49 (8.01%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 42 (6.86%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 71 (11.6%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.98%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (3.43%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 96 (15.69%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 55 (8.99%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (4.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (4.74%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 41 (6.7%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (1.47%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.96%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 30 (4.9%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (2.94%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 9 (1.47%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
36 19 20 18 22 29 11 12 17 3 3 5 11 2 17 24
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 3 3 10 26 10 3 1 10 11 9 6 11 7 5 21
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
30 17 3 6 12 10 1 3 10 5 4 4 4 8 22 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
15 9 3 4 8 16 4 0 0 7 2 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
125 156 216 116
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
73 178 122 240
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
61 221 187 144
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (14.45%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (10.98%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 11 (6.36%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 28 (16.18%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (17.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 2 7 0 1 1 10 0 0 7 0 5 16 8 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 2 0 7 0 5 7 7 1 2 15 3 0 1 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 2 2 6 1 2 1 1 0 4 4 4 12 0 1 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 1 5 3 0 0 1 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
81 20 15 58
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 39 22 75
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
68 11 33 62
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11436 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 248 (6.51%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 344 (9.03%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 239 (6.27%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 315 (8.27%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 27 (0.71%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 229 (6.01%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 657 (17.24%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 272 (7.14%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 146 (3.83%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 213 (5.59%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 228 (5.98%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 110 (2.89%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 121 (3.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 73 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 105 (2.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 115 (3.02%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 98 (2.57%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 110 (2.89%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 76 (1.99%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
143 129 100 150 139 177 60 103 84 14 64 52 74 39 107 121
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
46 13 14 74 152 94 24 35 71 77 65 48 87 63 15 80
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
124 94 17 52 74 54 7 9 43 42 68 24 28 41 74 24
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
86 77 28 27 46 64 11 10 10 43 13 0 0 6 4 97
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
999 1023 975 814
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
524 1059 696 1532
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
395 1290 1207 919

>NC_008615.1 Oncorhynchus nerka mitochondrion, complete genome
ACGGCGACAACACGCACATTTGTAAATGTTATAACTTGTAAACCCAATGTTATACTACATCTATGTATAA
TATTACATATTATGTATTTACCCATATATAATACTGCACGTGAGTAGTACATTATATGTATTATCAACAT
ACGGTGGTTTTAACCCCTCATATATCAGCACAAATCCAAGGTTTACATTAAGCAAAACACGTGATAATAA
CCAACTAAGTTGTCTGCAACTGATTAATTGCCACATCAACAAAACTCCAGCTAAGACGGGCTCCGTCTTT
ACCCACCAACTTTCAGCATCAGTCCTACTTAATGTAGTAAGAACCGACCAACGATACCATAGTAGGCATA
CTCTTATTGATGGTCAGGGGCAGATATCGTATTAGGTCGCATCTCGTGAATTATTCCTGGCATTTGGTTC
CTAAGTCAAGGGCTATCCTTAAGAAACCAGCCCCTGAAAGCCGAATGTAAAGCATCTGGTTAATGGTGTC
AATCTTATTGCCCGTTACCCACCAAGCCGGGCGTTCTCTTATATGCATAGGGTTCTCTTTTTTTTTTTTT
CCTTTCAGCTTGCATATACAAGTGCAAGCAAAGAAGTCTAACAAGGTCGAACTAGATCTTGAATTCCAGA
GAACTAATGTATCATGTTGGAATGATATTCTATAAAGAATCACATACTTGGATATCAAGTGCATAAGGTC
CGTTATTTTCTTCACAGATATCTATAGATCTCCCCGGCTTCTGCGCGGTAAACCCCCCTACCCCCCTACG
CTGAGAGATCCTTATACTCCTGTTAAACCCCTAAACCAGGAAGTCTCAAAATCAGCGTTATATTTTTATA
TACATTAATAAACTTTTGATGCACTTTATAGCATTTGGCACCGACAGCGCTGTAATGCGTACACTTTCAT
AATTAAAGTATACATTAATAAACTTTTCGCCCACTTCATGGCATCCAGCACCGACAACGCTATCATCGGC
ACCATTTTACCCGTGCAATCCGCTGCTGGTGTAGCTTAACTAAAGCATAACACTGAAGCTGTTAAGACGG
ACCCTAGAAAGTCCCACGAGCACAAAGGCTTGGTCCTGACTTTACTATCAGCTTTAACTGAACTTACACA
TGCAAGTCTCCGCATTCCTGTGAGGATGCCCTTAATCCCCTGCCCGGGGACGAGGAGCCGGCATCAGGCG
CGCCCAGGCAGCCCACGACGCCTTGCTAGGCCACACCCCCAAGGAAACTCAGCAGTGATAAATATTAAGC
CATGAGCGAAAGCTTGACTTAGTTAAGGTTAAGAGGGCCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATA
CGAGAGGCCCTAGTTGATAACTACCGGCGTAAAGAGTGGTTATGGAAAAATATTTAATAAAGCCGAACAC
CCCCTCAGCCGTCATACGCACCTGGGAGCACGAAGACCTACTGCGAAAGCAGCTTTAATTATGCCTGACC
CCACGACAGCTAAGAAACAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCTAGCCGTAAACCTTGATAAAAATA
TACAATTGATATCCGCCAGGGGACTACAAGCGCCAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCCTCAGAC
CCACCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTAGAACCGATAACCCCCGTTCAACCTCACCACCTCTTGTTTTACCCGCCT
ATATACCACCGTCGTCAGCTTACCCTGTGAAGGCCCCATAGTAAGCAAAATGGGTAAAACCCAAAACGTC
AGGTCGAGGTGTAGCGCATGGGGTGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTCTCTAAATTAGAGTACTACGAACCAC
GCTGTGAAATCAGCGTCCGAAGGTGGATTTAGCAGTAAACAGAAAACAGAGAGTTCTCTTGAAACTGGCT
CTGAGGCGCGCACACACCGCCCGTCACTCTCCCCAAGTTCAACCTGTCCTTCTAACTAAGAAGTTAGCCG
AACAAAGGGGAGGCAAGTCGTAACATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGAATAACCAGAGTGTAGC
TAAAGTAGTAAAGCACCTCCCTTACACCGAGGAGACATCCGTGCAAATCGGGTCACCCTGAGCTGACTAG
CTAGCCAACTCATTTGGTCTAACACCACAACATATATACCCCCATAAAACTTAGAATTAAGTCAACAAAC
CATTTTTCCACCTTAGTACGGGCGACCGAAAAGGAAATATTGAGCAACAGAAAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAA
GCTGAAAGAGAATTGAAATAACCCATTTAAGCCTAGGAAAGCAGAGATTAAATCTCGTACCTTTTGCATC
ATGATTTAGCCAGCAAACCTGAGCAAAGAGAACTTTAGTTCAGGCCCCCGAAACTAGACGAGCTACTCCG
GGACAGCCTATTGCAGGGCTAACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGACGAGCCCCGAGTAGAGGTGATA
AACCTATCGAGCCTAGTTATAGCTGGTTGCTTAGGAAATGAATAGAAGTTCAGCCCCCCGGCTTTCTTAG
GACCTTAAGGTAAAACTAATATTGTCCCAAAGAAACCAGGAGAGTTAGTCAAAGGAGGTACAGCTCCTTT
GAACAAGGACACAACCTTAACAGGCGGCTAAGGATCATAATTACTAAGGTAACCTGTTACAGTGGGCCTA
AGAGCAGCCACCTGCACAGAAAGCGTTAAAGCTCAGACAGATCTAAACCTCTTATCCTGATAAGAAATCC
CATCCCCCTAACCGTACTAAGCCATTCCATGCCCCCATGGAAGAGATTATGCTAGAATGAGTAATAAGAG
AGAACAACTCTCTCCCAGCACATGTGTAAGTCGGATCGGACCCGCCACCGACAATTAACGAACCCAAACC
AAGAGGGAAATATAGGCCAGAATAAATACCAAGAAAAACCTAAACCAATAAATCGTTAGCCCCACACAGG
AGTGCCCCCAGGGAAAGACCCAAAGGAAGAGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAA
AACATCGCCTCTTGCAAATCAAAGCATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACTATGGGTTTAACGGCCGCG
GTATTTTGACCGTGCGAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGAAGACCTGTATGAATGGCATCACG
AGGGCTTAGCTGTCTCCTCTTCCAAGTCAATGAAATTGATCTGTCCGTGCAGAAGCGGACATAAACACAT
AAGACGAGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAGACACCAGGCAGATCACGTCAAAAACCTTGAATTAACAAGTAA
AAACGCAGTGACCCCTAGCCCATATGTCTTTGGTTGGGGCGACCGCGGGGGAAAATTAAGCCCCCATGTG
GACTGGGGGCACTGCCCCCACAGCCAAGAGCCACAGCTCTAAGCACCAGAATATCTGACCAAAAATGATC
CGGCAAACGCCGATCAACGGACCGAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTCTCCCAGAGTCCCTATC
GACGAGGGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGT
TTGTTCAACGATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATG
AAGTGATGTTTCCTAGTACGAAAGGACCGGAAAGAAGGGGCCCATGCTTAAGGCACGCCCCACCCCCACC
TGATGAAGGCAACTAAAACAGACAAGGGGGCACACCAAAATTGCCTAAAAGAACGGCGCGCTAAGATGGC
AGAGCCCGGTAATTGCGAGAGGCCTAAGCCCTCTTTCTCAGAGGTTCAAACCCTCTTCTTAGCTATGATC
ACCACCCTAATTACCCACGTTGTAAACCCACTAGCATACATCGTACCCGTTCTGTTAGCAGTTGCTTTCC
TCACTCTACTCGAACGAAAGGTCCTTGGGTATATACAACTCCGAAAAGGGCCCAACATCGTCGGCCCCTA
CGGACTACTACAACCCATCGCGGACGGCCTAAAACTATTTATCAAAGAACCAGTTCGACCTTCTACCTCT
TCACCTTTTCTATTTCTCGCCACACCCATACTTGCCCTTACACTTGCACTCACTCTATGGGCCCCCATGC
CTATCCCTTACCCTGTCACAGATCTTAACCTAGGAGTACTATTTGTACTCGCACTATCCAGCCTAGCAGT
ATATTCTATCCTAGGATCAGGATGGGCATCAAACTCCAAATACGCTTTAATCGGAGCCCTCCGGGCAGTT
GCACAAACCATTTCCTACGAAGTTAGCCTAGGCTTAATTTTACTTAGCGTGATTATCATCACGGGTGGGT
TCACTCTTCAAACCTTCAACGTAGCCCAAGAAAGCATCTGACTACTCGTACCAGCCTGACCTCTTGCCGC
CATATGGTACATTTCTACCCTAGCTGAGACTAACCGTGCACCCTTTGACCTCACAGAAGGAGAATCAGAA
TTAGTCTCAGGGTTCAATGTAGAATACGCGGGGGGGCCCTTCGCCCTGTTTTTCCTGGCCGAATATGCTA
ATATCCTTCTAATAAATACACTCTCAGCCGTCCTATTTCTAGGAGCATCCCACATCCCCGCCTTCCCCGA
ACTAACTGCCCTTAACCTAATAACGAAAGCTGCCCTCCTCTCCGTTGTATTTTTATGGGTGCGGGCTTCC
TACCCGCGGTTTCGATACGATCAACTTATACACTTAGTTTGAAAAAGCTTCCTACCCCTAACTCTGGCCC
TTGTACTGTGACATCTCGCACTCCCCGTAGCGCTAGCAGGCCTCCCTCCTCAGCTTTAGCCAAGGAATTG
TGCCTGAATGCTTAAGGACCACCTTGATAGCGTGGCTGATAGGGGTTCAAGTCCCCTCAATTCTAGAGAG
AAGGGGCTCGAACCCATCCTCAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTGGTGCTTCCACTACACCACTTTCTAGTAAGGT
CAGCTAATTAAGCTTTCGGGCCCATACCCCGAATATGTTGGTTAAAATCCTTCCTTTACTAATGAACCCC
TACGTACTCACCATCTTACTTTCTAGTCTGGGTCTAGGCACAGTCCTCACCTTTGCCAGCTCACACTGAC
TACTTGCATGAATGGGCCTAGAAATTAATACCCTCGCCATTATCCCAATTATAGCGCAACAACACCACCC
CCGAGCAATTGAAGCAACAACCAAATATTTTTTGACCCAAGCAACCGCCGCAGCAATAATCCTTTTTGCC
AGCACTACCAACGCCTGACTAGTTGGGGAATGAGAAATCCACCAGCTATCCCACCCCCTAGCAACCACAA
CAGCAATATTGGCCCTTGCCCTCAAACTTGGACTAGCACCAGTTCACTTTTGGCTGCCAGAGGTTCTTCA
AGGACTTGAGCTCACTACAGGATTAATTTTATCAACCTGACAAAAACTCGCACCTTTCGCACTTATAATT
CAAGTAGCCCCAACCATCAACTCTTCCCTGCTTATTGCAATCGGACTCCTATCAACACTTGTTGGAGGCT
GAGGTGGACTTAATCAAACCCAACTACGTAAAATTCTAGCATACTCTTCAATTGCCCATCTGGGGTGAAT
AGTATTAATTTTACAATTCGCACCCTCCCTCACGCTCCTTAGCCTCTCCCTGTATATTATCATAACATCT
TCAGCATTCCTCACCCTAAAAACCAATAACTCTCTGACCATCAATACTCTCGCAACTTCATGAACTAAGT
CCCCCACCCTTGCCGCACTAACCGCTCTTGTACTACTATCCCTCGGGGGTCTCCCCCCTCTTTCAGGCTT
CATGCCAAAATGACTTATTTTGCAAGAACTAACGAAACAAGGGCTCCCACTATCTGCCACACTAGCTGCT
ATAACAGCCCTCCTCAGCCTTTACTTTTATCTACGGCTCTGCTACGCCTTAACCCTCACTATTTATCCTA
ATACCCTAACTGCAACCGCCCCCTGACGCCTCAACTTTACCATAGTTACACTACCACTTTCAATTGTCAC
CATTTTAGCCCTAGGACTACTTCCCCTCACACCAGCTGTGGCTGCAATACTAGTTTTGTAGTAAGGGCTT
AGGATAGTACTAAGACCAAGAGCCTTCAAAGCTCTAAGCGGGAGTGAAAATCTCCCAGCCCTTGTTAAGA
CTTGCAGGACTTTATCCCACATCTTCTGAATGCAACCCAGACACTTTAATTAAGCTAAAGCCTTTCTAGG
TGGGAAGGCCTCGATCCTACAAACTCTTAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCTCTATCCAGCGAGCATCCATCTACT
TTCCCCCGCCACCGGGGGGCGAGGCGGGGTAAAGCCCCGGCAGGCTTTTAGCCTACTACTTCAGATTTGC
AATCTAACATGTGGTACACCACAGGGCTTGATAAGGAGAGGAATTAAACCTCTGTTTATGGAGCTACAAT
CCACCGCTTAAGCTCTCAGCCACCCTACCTGTGGCAATCACACGATGATTCTTCTCAACCAACCACAAAG
ACATTGGCACCCTCTATTTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCCGGGATAGTCGGCACCGCCCTAAGCCTACTGAT
TCGGGCAGAACTAAGCCAGCCAGGCGCTCTTCTAGGAGATGACCAGATCTATAACGTAATCGTCACAGCC
CATGCCTTCGTTATGATTTTCTTTATAGTCATACCAATTATAATCGGAGGATTTGGAAACTGATTAATCC
CTCTAATAATCGGAGCCCCCGATATGGCATTCCCACGAATAAATAACATAAGCTTCTGACTCCTCCCCCC
CTCGTTTCTCCTCCTCCTATCTTCATCTGGAGTTGAAGCCGGCGCTGGTACCGGATGAACAGTTTATCCC
CCTCTGGCCGGAAACCTTGCCCACGCGGGAGCCTCTGTTGACTTAACCATCTTCTCCCTTCATTTAGCTG
GAATTTCCTCAATTTTAGGAGCCATTAATTTTATCACAACCATTATTAATATGAAGCCCCCAGCCATCTC
TCAGTACCAGACCCCACTTTTTGTTTGAGCTGTGCTAATCACTGCTGTACTTCTACTACTTTCCCTACCC
GTCCTAGCAGCAGGCATTACTATGTTACTTACTGACCGAAATTTAAACACCACTTTCTTTGACCCGGCAG
GCGGGGGAGATCCGATTTTATACCAACACCTCTTTTGGTTCTTCGGACACCCAGAGGTATATATTCTTAT
CCTCCCAGGCTTCGGTATAATTTCACATATCGTTGCATACTACTCCGGCAAAAAAGAACCATTCGGGTAT
ATAGGAATAGTTTGAGCTATAATAGCCATCGGGTTACTAGGGTTTATCGTTTGAGCCCACCACATGTTCA
CTGTCGGAATAGACGTGGACACTCGTGCCTACTTTACATCTGCCACCATGATTATCGCCATCCCCACAGG
AGTAAAAGTATTTAGCTGACTAGCTACATTACACGGAGGCTCAATCAAATGAGAAACACCACTTCTCTGA
GCCCTGGGGTTTATCTTCCTATTTACAGTGGGTGGGCTTACGGGCATCGTCCTTGCTAACTCCTCATTAG
ACATCGTCCTACACGACACTTATTACGTGGTTGCCCATTTCCACTACGTGCTATCGATAGGAGCTGTATT
TGCCATTATAGGCGCTTTCGTACACTGATTCCCGCTATTTACCGGATATACCCTTCACAGCACATGAACC
AAAATCCATTTTGGGATTATATTTATCGGTGTAAATTTAACCTTTTTCCCACAGCATTTCCTAGGCCTCG
CAGGGATACCACGACGGTACTCTGACTACCCCGACGCCTATACACTGTGGAACACTGTGTCCTCAATCGG
ATCCCTTGTCTCCTTAGTGGCTGTAATTATATTCCTATTTATTCTCTGAGAGGCTTTTGCTGCCAAACGA
GAGGTAGCATCAATCGAATTAACTTCGACCAACGTAGAATGACTACACGGGTGCCCCCCACCTTACCACA
CATTTGAGGAACCAGCATTTGTCCAAGTACGAACAAACTAACGAGAAAGGGAGGAATTGAACCCCCATGT
GCTGGTTTCAAGCCAACCGCATAACCACTCTGCCACTTTCTTCTATAAGACACTAGTAAAACTAGTCTAT
TACACTGCCTTGTCAAGGCAAAATTGTGGGTTAAAACCCCGCGTGTCTTAAGCACTTAGCTAGAATGGCA
CATCCCTCACAATTAGGATTCCAAGACGCGGCCTCCCCTGTTATAGAAGAACTTCTTCATTTCCACGACC
ACGCTCTTATGATTGTTCTTCTTATCAGCACACTAGTGCTTTATATCATCGTAGCAATAGTCTCTACTAA
ACTTACTAACAAATATATCCTAGATTCTCAAGAAATCGAGGTCGTTTGAACCATCCTCCCGGCAATCATT
CTTATTCTCATCGCCCTCCCCTCCCTCCGAATTCTCTATCTTATGGATGAGATTAATGACCCACACCTTA
CTATTAAAGCGATGGGTCACCAATGATATTGAAGCTACGAATATACTGATTACGAAGACTTAGGCTTTGA
TTCTTACATAGTCCCCACTCAAGATTTAGTGCCCGGCCAATTCCGTCTTCTAGAAACAGACCACCGAATA
GTTGTCCCTGTAGAATCCCCAATCCGAGTCCTCGTCTCAGCTGAAGACGTCCTTCACTCCTGAGCCGTTC
CTTCCTTAGGTGTAAAAATAGATGCAGTCCCAGGACGATTAAACCAAACAGCCTTTATTGCCTCTCGACC
TGGAGTATTCTACGGACAATGTTCTGAAATCTGCGGGGCTAATCATAGCTTCATACCCATCGTTGTTGAA
GCGGTGCCCCTAGAACACTTCGAGAAATGATCCACTATAATACTTGAAGATGCCTCACTAAGAAGCTAAA
TCGGGAATAGCGTTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAAGATTGGTGGCCCCCACCACCCCTAGTGACATGCCCCAACT
CAACCCCGCCCCCTGATTTGCTATTTTAGTATTCTCATGACTGGTTTTCCTAACTGTTATTCCCCCAAAA
GTCCTCGGCCACACCTTCACAAATGAGCCTACATCCCAAAGCACTGAAAAAGCTAAACCTGAGCCCTGAA
ACTGACCATGACACTAAGCTTCTTCGACCAATTTATGAGCCCCACATACCTAGGTATTCCACTTATCGCT
GTAGCATTAACCCTCCCATGAATTCTTTTCCCTACCCCCTCTGCCCGATGACTAAACAACCGCCTAATTA
CCCTACAAGGCTGATTCATCAACCGATTTACCCAACAACTTCTTTTACCACTAAATTTAGGCGGTCACAA
ATGAGCAGCTCTATTAACCTCCCTGATACTGTTTCTTATTACCCTAAATATACTGGGCCTACTTCCATAT
ACATTTACCCCTACTACACAACTCTCCCTAAACATGGGTCTCGCAGTCCCATTATGACTTGCTACGGTGA
TTATCGGCATACGAAATCAACCAACCGCCGCTCTAGGCCACCTCTTGCCTGAAGGAACCCCCGTCCCCCT
AATCCCTGTACTAATTATTATCGAAACAATTAGCCTTTTTATCCGCCCCCTCGCCCTTGGCGTACGACTT
ACAGCCAATCTCACGGCGGGCCACCTTCTTATCCAACTAATTGCTACAGCAGCCTTTGTTCTCTTGCCTA
TAATACCCACAGTAGCAATCCTAACTTCTATTGTTCTATTTCTACTTACTCTTCTTGAAATTGCTGTAGC
CATGATTCACGCCTACGTTTTTGTTCTACTCCTAAGCCTCTATTTACAAGAAAACGTTTAATGGCACACC
AAGCACACGCATACCACATGGTTGACCCAAGCCCCTGACCTCTGACCGGCGCAATTGCCGCCCTTTTGCT
TACATCAGGCACTGCAGTCTGATTCCACTTCCACTCACTCACACTACTTACCCTGGGTAATGTTCTCCTA
CTTCTCACCATGTACCAGTGGTGACGAGACATCATCCGAGAAGGTACCTTTCAAGGACACCACACACCCC
CAGTCCAAAAAGGGCTACGATACGGCATAATCTTATTTATTACCTCCGAAGTATTCTTTTTCCTTGGTTT
CTTCTGAGCCTTCTACCACGCTAGCCTCGCCCCCACACCTGAGTTAGGAGGTTGCTGACCCCCCACAGGC
ATTACTACTCTAGACCCCTTTGAGGTGCCCCTTCTTAATACTGCGGTCCTTTTAGCATCTGGTGTTACCG
TTACATGAGCCCACCACAGCATCATAGAAGGTGAGCGAAAACAAACCATTCAAGCTCTTACTCTTACTAT
TTTACTGGGGTTCTACTTCACTTTCCTGCAAGGCATAGAATACTACGAAGCCCCATTTACAATCGCTGAC
GGCGTATACGGCTCTACTTTCTTTGTTGCCACGGGATTCCATGGCTTACACGTAATTATTGGCTCTACCT
TCCTGGCCGTTTGCCTTCTACGACAAATTCAATACCACTTTACATCTGAACATCATTTTGGCTTTGAAGC
CGCTGCTTGATATTGACACTTTGTAGACGTTGTGTGACTCTTCCTATACGTCTCTATTTACTGATGAGGC
TCATAATCTTCCTAGTATCAATGAGTATAAGTGACTTCCAATCACCCGGTCTTGGTTAAAATCCAAGGAA
AGATAATGAACTTAGTTACAACAATCATCGCTATTACCATCACACTGTCCGCAGTACTAGCCACTATTTC
TTTCTGACTACCACAAATTTCCCCCGACGCAGAAAAGTTATCCCCCTACGAATGTGGATTTGACCCCTTG
GGATCCGCCCGTCTGCCCTTCTCCTTACGATTTTTTCTAATCGCCATCCTGTTCCTCCTGTTCGACCTAG
AAATCGCCCTTCTTCTGCCCCTGCCTTGGGGGGATCAGCTCAATGCCCCGACCCTAACACTCCTCTGATC
CACTGCCGTACTCGCCCTCCTTACTCTTGGACTAATTTATGAGTGAACCCAAGGAGGCTTAGAATGAGCC
GAATAGGCAGTTAGTCCAAAATAAGACCCTTGATTTCGGCTCAAAAGACCATGGTTTAAGTCCATGACCG
CCTTATGACTCCAGTACACTTCAGCTTTACCTCAGCCTTTATTCTAGGGCTTATAGGACTCGCGTTTCAC
CGCACCCACCTTCTCTCAGCCCTTCTATGCCTAGAAGGAATAATGCTCTCTCTATTTATTGCCCTCTCCT
TATGAGCCCTCCAGATGGAAGCAACTGGCTACTCCGTGGCTCCTATACTTCTCCTAGCATTCTCAGCCTG
TGAAGCCAGCGCAGGTTTAGCCCTACTAGTAGCAACCGCACGGACACATGGCACAGATCGCCTACAAAGC
TTAAACCTACTCCAATGTTAAAAATCCTCATCCCCACACTTATGCTTTTCCCAACAATCTGGCTTAGCCC
CGCGAAATGGTTATGAACCACATCAATTGCCCAAAGTTTAATTATTGCCCTAGCAAGTTTATCCTGATTT
AAATGATCATCCGAGACCGGGTGATCTTCCTCTAACCTCTATTTAGCGACTGATCCCCTATCAACACCTC
TACTAGTATTAACCTGCTGACTACTGCCCCTTATAATCCTCGCTAGCCAAAATCACCTCTCCCCAGAGCC
CTTGAATCGCCAGCGGACCTACATCTCCCTCCTGGTCTCCCTCCAAACATTTCTAGTCTTAGCATTCGGG
GCCACAGAAATTATCATATTTTACATCATATTCGAAGCTACACTGCTCCCGACCCTGATTATTATTACCC
GCTGGGGAAATCAAACAGAGCGTCTCAATGCCGGTACCTATTTCTTATTTTATACCTTAGCTGGCTCCCT
CCCCCTCCTCGTCGCCCTACTTCTTATACAAAACGACAACGGAACCCTATCTATGTTTACCCTGCAATAC
ACACAACCCTTACACCTTTTAACATGAGGAGATAAACTATGATGAGCTGCCTGCCTTTTAGCCTTCCTTG
TAAAAATACCCCTCTACGGCGTACACCTTTGACTTCCAAAGGCCCACGTAGAAGCTCCAATCGCTGGGTC
CATAATCCTAGCGGCTGTCCTACTCAAACTGGGGGGGTACGGCATAATACGTATGATAGTTATACTAGAC
CCCCTTACCAAAGAACTAGCCTACCCCTTCATCGTTTTAGCCCTCTGAGGTATCATTATAACCGGGTCCA
TCTGTCTACGCCAAACAGACCTGAAATCACTAATCGCATACTCTTCAGTCGGCCACATAGGACTGGTCGC
AGGGGGTATTTTAATTCAAACGCCCTGAGGATTTACTGGTGCAATTATCCTCATAATCGCACACGGCCTC
GCCTCCTCAGCACTTTTCTGCTTAGCTAATACTAGCTACGAACGCACTCACAGCCGAACTATACTTCTAG
CCCGGGGAATGCAAATAATTTTACCCTTGATAACCACCTGATGATTTGTGGCTAGTTTAGCCAACCTAGC
CCTTCCTCCTCTTCCAAACCTAATGGGAGAACTAATAATCATCACTTCTATATTCAACTGGTCCCACTGA
ACTCTTATTCTCACGGGGTTAGGTACATTAATTACAGCAAGCTATTCCCTCTATCTATTCTTAATAACCC
AACGGGGACCCCTACCTTCCCATATTATTGCTCTTGAACCCACCCACACCCGAGAACACCTACTTATTAT
TTTACACCTAATTCCAATTGTCCTCCTGATCCTAAAACCTGAACTCATGTGAGGCTGATGTTTCTGTAGA
TATAGTTTAACCAAGACATTAGATTGTGATTCTAAAAATAGAGGTTAAAACCCTCTTATCCACCGAGAGA
AATCTGTTGATAACAAAGACTGCTAATCTTCTGCCCCCTCAGTTAAATTCTGTGGTTCACTCGTGCTTCT
AAAGGATAACAGCTCATCCATTGGTCTTAGGAACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGTAGCAGCTATG
CATCCGACTACACTCATCTTAAGCTCATCCCTTTTAATAATCTTCGCACTTCTAATTTATCCACTCATCA
CCACCCTCACCCCGACTCCCCAACACAAAAATTGACCCATTACTCACGTAAAAACTGCTATCAAGATGGC
CTTCCTGGTAAGTTTACTCCCCCTTTTTATCTTCCTAGACCAAGGAACTGAAACTATTGTCACCAACTGA
CAATGAATAAACACTACAACCTTTGACATTAACCTTAGCTTTAAATTTGACCACTACTCCATTATTTTTA
CCCCAATTGCCCTGTATGTAACCTGGTCTATTCTAGAATTCGCATCCTGATATATACATGCCGACCCCAA
CATTAACCGGTTCTTTAAATACCTCCTCCTATTCCTGATTGCCATAATTATTTTGGTAACCGCCAACAAC
ATGTTTCAGCTATTTATTGGCTGAGAGGGAGTTGGAATTATATCGTTCCTCCTCATTGGGTGGTGGCACG
GGCGGGCCGACGCTAATACAGCTGCTATACAAGCTGTAATTTATAATCGAGTGGGGGACATTGGGCTTAT
CCTGAGCATGGCCTGGTTCGCAACAAACCTAAACTCCTGAGAAATTCAACAAATATTTGCCTCTTCAAAA
GAACTGGACCTCACACTCCCTCTTATGGGCCTCATTCTGGCCGCCACCGGCAAATCAGCGCAATTTGGAC
TTCACCCGTGACTTCCCTCCGCGATAGAGGGTCCTACGCCGGTATCTGCCCTACTACACTCCAGCACCAT
AGTGGTCGCGGGCATCTTCCTGTTAATTCGACTCCACCCTCTAATAGAAAACAACCAAACAGCCCTAACC
ACTTGTTTATGCCTAGGGGCCCTAACTACCCTCTTCACCGCTACCTGTGCCCTAACACAAAATGATATCA
AGAAAATTGTAGCATTCTCTACATCCAGCCAACTGGGGCTTATAATAGTCACCATCGGACTTAATCAACC
ACAACTAGCCTTTCTCCACATCTGCACTCACGCATTCTTCAAAGCTATACTTTTCCTGTGTTCAGGCTCA
ATTATTCATAGTTTAAACGACGAGCAAGATATCCGAAAAATAGGGGGCATACACAACCTCACCCCATTTA
CTTCCTCCTGCCTTACAATCGGAAGCCTTGCACTTACTGGCACCCCCTTCTTAGCAGGGTTCTTCTCTAA
AGATGCTATCATTGAAGCCCTAAACACCTCCTACCTAAACGCCTGAGCCCTCACTCTTACCTTACTAGCC
ACCTCATTCACTGCCATTTATAGCCTCCGAGTTATCTTTTTCGTCTCTATGGGACACCCTCGATTTACGA
CTACGGCCCCTATTAATGAAAATAACCCATCCGTAATTAATCCGATCAAACGACTAGCCTGAGGAAGCAT
CATTGCAGGGCTCCTAATTACCTCAAACTTCCTACCCACCACCACACCCGTAATAACTATACCCACCCAC
TTGAAATTGGCCGCCCTCCTGGTTACCATCTTAGGCCTTCTCATTGCACTAGAACTTGCATCATTAACTA
GCAAGCAGTTTAAAACCACACCCAACCTCGCCCTACACAACTTCTCCAACATACTAGGATTCTTCCCCGC
TATTATCCACCGACTAACCCCAAAACTAAACTTAACTTTGGGACAAACCATTGCTAGCCAAATAGTAGAT
CAAACATGATTTGAAAAAGTAGGCCCAAAGGGAATTATTTCAACTCACCTACCTATGGTCACTACAACAA
GTAACATTCAACAGGGCATAATTAAAACATACCTCACTCTATTTTTCCTTTCAACAACCCTGGCCATCCT
ACTAACATTAACCTAAACTGCTCGAAGCGCCCCACGACCCAAACCCCGTGTCAATTCTAACACCACAAAA
AGTGTCAATAGAAGCACCCACGCACACGCAATCAATATCCCCCCTCCATGAGAATATATCAACGCAACTC
CACTCGTATCCCCACGCAACACGGAAAACTCCTTAAACTCATCCACCGCCACCCACGAGGTCTCATACCA
CCCACCCCAGAATAAGCCCGCCACCAACACCACCCCCACCGTGTACACTACCACATACCCTAAAACTGAA
CGATCCCCTCAAGACTCAGGAAAAGGCTCAGCAGCTAAAGCCGCTGAGTAAGCAAATACCACAAGCATCC
CCCCCAAGTAAATCAAAAATAATACCAAAGATAAGAAAGACCCCCCGTGACCCACCAAAACACCACAACC
CACACCTGCTGCTACAACCAACCCTAAAGCAGCAAAGTATGGTGCAGGGTTAGATGCAACAGCTACAAGC
CCTAAAACCAGCCCTAAAAGAAATAAAGACACAAGATAAGTCATAATTCCTGCTCGGACTCTAACCGAAA
CTAATGACTTGAAAAACCACCGTTGTTATTCAACTACAAGAACCTAATGGCCAACCTCCGAAAAACCCAT
CCTCTCCTAAAAATCGCTAATGACGCACTAGTCGACCTCCCAGCACCATCTAACATCTCAGTCTGATGAA
ACTTTGGCTCACTACTAGGCCTATGTTTAGCCACCCAAATTCTTACCGGGCTCTTCCTAGCCATACACTA
TACCTCCGACATTTCAACAGCTTTTTCCTCCGTCTGCCACATCTGCCGAGATGTTAGTTACGGCTGACTC
ATTCGAAACATCCATGCCAACGGAGCATCTTTCTTTTTTATTTGTATTTATATGCACATCGCCCGAGGAC
TTTATTATGGATCATACCTGTACAAAGAAACCTGAAATATCGGAGTTGTACTCTTACTTCTCACTATAAT
AACTGCATTCGTAGGCTACGTCCTCCCATGAGGACAAATATCCTTCTGGGGGGCCACTGTAATTACAAAC
CTTCTTTCCGCTGTTCCGTACGTCGGGGGCGCCCTGGTACAATGAATTTGAGGCGGATTCTCCGTTGACA
ACGCCACTTTGACACGATTTTTCGCCTTTCACTTCCTGTTCCCTTTCGTCATTGCAGCTGCCACAGTCCT
TCACCTGCTGTTCCTTCACGAAACAGGGTCTAATAACCCAGCAGGGATTAACTCCGATGCCGATAAAATC
TCGTTCCACCCTTACTTCTCATACAAAGACCTCCTGGGGTTCGTAGCCATACTTCTTGGTCTAACATCCT
TAGCCCTTTTTGCACCAAACCTCCTGGGAGACCCAGACAATTTTACGCCCGCCAACCCGCTGGTTACTCC
ACCTCATATCAAACCAGAGTGATACTTCCTTTTCGCTTACGCCATCTTACGCTCCATCCCCAACAAGCTA
GGCGGAGTACTCGCCCTTTTGTTCTCGATCCTCGTCCTTATGGTTGTCCCTATCTTACACACGTCTAAAC
AACGAGGGCTGACCTTTCGACCACTAACCCAATTCTTATTTTGGGCCTTAGTGGCAGATATACTCATCCT
CACCTGAATCGGGGGCATACCCGTAGAACATCCGTTCATTATTATCGGCCAAGTTGCCTCCGTAATCTAC
TTCACCATCTTCCTAGTGCTTTCTCCCTTAGCCGGCTGGGCCGAAAATAAAGCCCTCCAATGAGCCTGCC
CTAGTAGCTCAGCGCCAGAGCGCCGGTCTTGTAATCCGGAAGTCGGAGGTTAAACCCCTCCCTAGTGCTC
AGAGAAAGGAGATTTTAACTCCCACCCTTAACTCCCAAAGCTAAGATTCTAAATTAAACTACCCTCTG


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.