Viewing data for Ratufa bicolor


Scientific name Ratufa bicolor
Common name Black giant squirrel
Maximum lifespan 19.00 years (Ratufa bicolor@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16563 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 6573 9990 4391 2182 4738 5252
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 397 603 265 132 286 317
Base content (%) 39.7% 60.3%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11329 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 4523 6806 3187 1336 3327 3479
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 399 601 281 118 294 307
Base content (%) 39.9% 60.1%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1519 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 554 965 321 233 423 542
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 365 635 211 153 278 357
Base content (%) 36.5% 63.5%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2550 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1017 1533 563 454 629 904
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 399 601 221 178 247 355
Base content (%) 39.9% 60.1%
12S rRNA gene (size: 968 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 423 545 236 187 227 318
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 437 563 244 193 235 329
Base content (%) 43.7% 56.3%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1582 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 594 988 327 267 402 586
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 375 625 207 169 254 370
Base content (%) 37.5% 62.5%

ATP6 (size: 681 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 263 418 187 76 212 206
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 386 614 275 112 311 302
Base content (%) 38.6% 61.4%
ATP8 (size: 204 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 76 128 63 13 56 72
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 373 627 309 64 275 353
Base content (%) 37.3% 62.7%
COX1 (size: 1542 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 643 899 378 265 472 427
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 417 583 245 172 306 277
Base content (%) 41.7% 58.3%
COX2 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 276 408 183 93 189 219
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 404 596 268 136 276 320
Base content (%) 40.4% 59.6%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 330 454 219 111 239 215
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 421 579 279 142 305 274
Base content (%) 42.1% 57.9%
CYTB (size: 1140 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 499 641 351 148 328 313
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 438 562 308 130 288 275
Base content (%) 43.8% 56.2%
ND1 (size: 955 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 400 555 287 113 269 286
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 419 581 301 118 282 299
Base content (%) 41.9% 58.1%
ND2 (size: 1042 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 374 668 292 82 307 361
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 359 641 280 79 295 346
Base content (%) 35.9% 64.1%
ND3 (size: 347 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 137 210 99 38 105 105
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 395 605 285 110 303 303
Base content (%) 39.5% 60.5%
ND4 (size: 1378 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 525 853 384 141 417 436
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 381 619 279 102 303 316
Base content (%) 38.1% 61.9%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 104 193 70 34 104 89
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 350 650 236 114 350 300
Base content (%) 35.0% 65.0%
ND5 (size: 1818 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 718 1100 526 192 534 566
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 395 605 289 106 294 311
Base content (%) 39.5% 60.5%
ND6 (size: 525 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 199 326 163 36 119 207
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 379 621 310 69 227 394
Base content (%) 37.9% 62.1%

ATP6 (size: 681 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.87%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 17 (7.52%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (6.19%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 18 (7.96%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (4.87%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 40 (17.7%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 30 (13.27%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (6.19%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 15 (6.64%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (5.31%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (4.42%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.54%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (2.65%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 5 (2.21%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
17 13 10 9 6 15 3 6 7 1 4 1 6 0 5 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 6 6 5 0 1 4 6 0 4 6 5 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 10 1 6 1 3 0 1 3 1 3 0 1 7 3 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 3 0 0 1 4 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
43 66 81 37
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
22 60 38 107
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 61 87 68
ATP8 (size: 204 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLDTSTWFITIVSMFLTLFIMIQLKIANHPYPLTPQIKSTKSDKPKSPWNNQWTKIYLPLSLPLQ*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 1 (1.49%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 6 (8.96%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 7 (10.45%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 1 (1.49%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 9 (13.43%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 7 (10.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 3 (4.48%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 8 (11.94%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 3 (4.48%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 2 (2.99%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 3 (4.48%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (2.99%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 0 (0%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (4.48%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 5 (7.46%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.49%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 6 (8.96%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 6 1 2 2 1 0 3 5 0 1 0 0 0 1 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 2 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 0 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
4 19 27 18
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
4 21 20 23
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
5 23 25 15
COX1 (size: 1542 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.16%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 43 (8.38%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 31 (6.04%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 35 (6.82%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 40 (7.8%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (11.7%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 36 (7.02%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 32 (6.24%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.46%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.19%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 19 (3.7%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.31%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.95%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (3.12%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.17%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (3.51%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.56%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
20 16 26 7 8 21 6 16 4 2 9 10 16 5 16 26
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 1 0 15 7 20 1 6 12 24 5 8 12 7 1 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
12 16 0 9 4 15 0 0 3 13 6 3 2 7 9 9
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 9 1 8 7 7 2 1 1 6 0 0 0 1 0 14
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
155 102 131 126
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
76 134 94 210
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
34 142 202 136
COX2 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.88%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 33 (14.54%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 12 10 5 7 11 2 6 4 1 2 3 4 1 7 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 1 1 4 1 4 0 2 2 3 1 4 6 6 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 11 0 6 2 6 0 0 4 5 4 0 2 2 3 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 13 2 4 8 4 1 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
54 60 66 48
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
25 58 60 85
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
14 65 93 56
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 15 (5.77%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 35 (13.46%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 7 9 8 6 14 0 7 7 0 5 4 4 0 7 15
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 2 5 5 4 1 4 8 9 0 3 4 2 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 12 1 6 6 6 0 0 3 6 4 1 0 4 5 8
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 7 1 2 2 2 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
61 66 63 71
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 65 56 97
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 88 96 70
CYTB (size: 1140 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 24 (6.33%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 25 (6.6%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 25 (6.6%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (4.75%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (15.83%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 39 (10.29%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 16 (4.22%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (3.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
20 19 11 10 21 20 3 6 6 0 3 5 10 0 8 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 4 3 8 13 1 3 11 8 2 6 11 5 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 14 1 4 8 9 0 1 3 4 12 2 0 7 8 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 6 0 6 5 9 1 4 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
84 102 106 88
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
52 94 77 157
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
12 155 130 83
ND1 (size: 955 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 12 (3.79%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (9.15%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 19 (5.99%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 24 (7.57%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.63%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (5.05%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 61 (19.24%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (6.62%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 19 (5.99%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.94%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 22 (6.94%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (2.84%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 9 (2.84%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.95%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (4.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.84%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (0.95%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.52%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 7 (2.21%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
10 11 17 9 15 24 2 11 7 2 2 3 11 0 12 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 2 3 10 16 0 4 4 4 0 4 7 8 3 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 8 0 1 8 8 1 1 0 2 7 0 0 4 9 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 9 1 1 2 7 1 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
70 91 86 71
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
31 93 55 139
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
12 103 145 58
ND2 (size: 1042 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 14 (4.05%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 17 (4.91%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 33 (9.54%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (11.27%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (17.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 39 (11.27%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 28 (8.09%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (2.89%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 18 (5.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.6%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 12 (3.47%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
20 19 26 5 9 35 2 9 9 0 2 2 3 0 8 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 0 5 6 6 0 4 3 7 0 5 6 8 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 18 1 5 12 13 0 0 3 5 5 0 2 8 10 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 5 0 0 1 12 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
44 86 139 78
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
31 105 59 152
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 101 163 76
ND3 (size: 1042 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 14 (4.05%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 17 (4.91%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 33 (9.54%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (11.27%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (17.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 39 (11.27%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 28 (8.09%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (5.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (2.89%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 18 (5.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.6%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 4 (1.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 12 (3.47%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
20 19 26 5 9 35 2 9 9 0 2 2 3 0 8 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 0 5 6 6 0 4 3 7 0 5 6 8 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 18 1 5 12 13 0 0 3 5 5 0 2 8 10 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 5 0 0 1 12 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
44 86 139 78
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
31 105 59 152
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 101 163 76
ND4 (size: 1378 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 29 (6.33%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 47 (10.26%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 38 (8.3%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 12 (2.62%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 87 (19.0%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 47 (10.26%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 33 (7.21%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 19 (4.15%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 23 (5.02%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (1.75%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 21 (4.59%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (2.62%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.97%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
18 29 31 11 12 36 4 23 7 3 3 1 8 0 11 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 2 1 5 13 11 0 1 7 8 2 6 8 4 1 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
12 17 3 6 13 18 1 3 6 9 7 0 1 9 12 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 8 0 3 1 9 0 1 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 13
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
71 114 157 117
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 124 80 202
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
17 146 199 97
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 21 (21.43%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 0 (0%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 4 8 3 2 10 0 5 2 0 1 1 4 0 2 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 2 1 1 1 6 0 1 1 2 0 2 0 1 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 2 0 1 4 1 1 0 0 3 1 0 1 3 2 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
21 23 28 27
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
8 24 17 50
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
5 23 44 27
ND5 (size: 1818 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (4.3%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 41 (6.78%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 56 (9.26%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 50 (8.26%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (2.98%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 91 (15.04%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 60 (9.92%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 38 (6.28%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 30 (4.96%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 46 (7.6%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 19 (3.14%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (1.98%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (1.82%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 12 (1.98%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 30 (4.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 14 (2.31%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (2.31%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 23 (3.8%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.65%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
26 34 35 10 20 38 7 14 13 1 6 3 8 1 20 26
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 3 14 14 13 0 1 11 12 2 5 14 10 1 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
20 20 2 8 19 18 1 3 7 8 11 0 2 16 14 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 10 2 5 6 23 0 2 4 4 0 0 0 1 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
108 143 211 144
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
62 167 124 253
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
22 216 231 137
ND6 (size: 525 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 24 (13.79%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 5 (2.87%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (6.9%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (4.6%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.57%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 23 (13.22%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 22 (12.64%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 12 (6.9%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (7.47%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (1.72%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (7.47%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (5.75%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.87%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.72%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 13 (7.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (1.72%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (1.15%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (1.15%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 0 2 0 0 2 1 10 0 0 9 0 7 7 13 0
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
11 1 0 4 0 0 1 4 1 7 12 1 1 0 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 4 2 3 1 3 0 5 0 8 2 1 9 3 0 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 4 9 3 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
68 8 44 55
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 23 31 83
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
57 5 44 69
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11397 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 213 (5.61%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 248 (6.53%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 295 (7.77%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 296 (7.8%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 24 (0.63%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 177 (4.66%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 609 (16.04%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 347 (9.14%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 234 (6.16%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 201 (5.3%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 249 (6.56%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 130 (3.42%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 105 (2.77%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 70 (1.84%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 98 (2.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 153 (4.03%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 84 (2.21%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 97 (2.56%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 94 (2.48%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 65 (1.71%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
168 179 193 84 114 238 31 121 74 10 48 33 81 15 113 136
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
41 10 14 66 75 103 4 33 66 90 24 52 82 58 9 46
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
102 135 13 58 81 103 4 14 35 66 64 7 21 74 79 37
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
60 81 17 34 36 86 8 12 14 38 1 1 0 6 1 98
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
806 914 1174 903
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
457 991 733 1616
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
206 1170 1506 915

>NC_023780.1 Ratufa bicolor mitochondrion, complete genome
GTTAATGTAGCTTAATCCCTAAAGCAAAGCACTGAAAATGCTTAGATGGGTTGATCAACCCCATAAACAT
AAAGGCTTGGTCCTGGCCTTTCTATTAGCTCGTAGTAAAATTACACATGCAAGCATCCCCCCTCCGGTGA
GAATGCCCTCTAAATCTACTTCAGACCCAAAGGTGCCGGTATCAAGTTCGCCCCACAGGCTGCTCATGAC
ACCTTGATTTTCCACACCCCCACGGGATACAGCAGTGATTAAAATTAAGCCATGAACGAAAGTTCGACTA
AGTTACGCTACATCTGGGTTGGTAAATTTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTCATACGATTAACCCTTGTTAATA
AAATTCGGCGTAAAGCGTGGTTTGAGTAACAATCAACAAAATAAGGTAAAGCTTTTATCAAACTGTAAAA
AGCTCCGATAATAATAAAAATTAAGAACGAAAGTCACCTTAATGCACTCGAACCCACGATAGCTAGGACC
CAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCTTAGCCCTAAACATAAATACTCAGCTAACAAGAGTACTCGCC
GGAGAACTACTGGCAATCGCCTAAAACTCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTTTAAACCCCTCTAGAGGAGCCTG
TTCTGTAATCGATAAACCCCGATCCACCTCACCACTCCTAGCAATATTCAGCCTATATACCGCCATCTTC
AGCAAACCCTCACAAGGTAGCACAGTAAGCGCAATTATCCTACATAAAAACGTTAGGTCAAGGTGTAGCC
TATGGAGTGGGAAGAAATGGGCTACATTTCCTGACAGCAGGACAGTTATTCTAACGATGGTCATTATGAA
ACTAAAGACTCAAGGCGGATTTAGTAGTAAGCCAAGAGTAGAGAGCTTGGCTGAATTAGGCAATAAAGCA
CGCACACACCGCCCGTCACCCTCTTCAAGTACTAATTATCTGAGAATATACCTAATCCCTCAATACCAAT
TATATGAGAAGAGATAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAAGCATACTGGAAAGTGTGCTTGGATCAACCAAAATGTAG
CTTAACCTATAAAGCATTCGGCCTACACCCGAAAGATTTCACACAAATATGAACATTTTGAACTAAATCT
AGCCCGACATCTCTCTAAATTCAACTACCACCTCTCATTAAACTAAATCATTCACACTCATAAAAGTATA
GGAGATAGAAATTATTGACCGGAGCTATAGAGCCAGTACCGTAAGGGAAAGATGAAAGAAGAAATTAATA
GTAAAAAGAAGCAAAGACTAAAACTTTTACCTTTTGCATAATGAATTAACAAGAAAAATCTTTGCAAAAA
GAATTGAAGTTAAGAACCCCGAAACTAGACGAGCTACCTATGAGCAGCCAATATGGGCTAATTCATCTAT
GTTGCAAAATAGTGAAATGACTTATAGGTAGAGGTGAAAAGCCAATCGAGCCTAGTGATAGCTGGTTGTC
CAGACAAGAATCTTAGTTCAACTTTAAGTTTACCTAAAGAACCAAGAATCTAAACGTAAGCTTAAATGTT
AATCTAAAGAGGTACAGCTCTTTAGAATTAAGGATACAACCTTCATTAGAGAGTAAAAAACCTAAATCCC
CATAGTAGGCCTAAAAGCAGCCATCAATTAAAAAAGCGTTCAAGCTTAACCCTTACTCCTAAACCCAATA
CGTACCTTTTAATTGATCTCCTAAATCAAAACTGGACTAATCTATAATAATATAGAAGAAATTATGTTAA
TATGAGTAACCAGAATCTATTTCTCCTTGCATAAGCTTATATCAGATCGGATAATCCACTGATAGTTAAC
AGCCCAATAACACTAAACTAACAATTACTCCGTTATTAAACATACTGTTAACCCAACACAGGCATGCACA
AATCTTATAAAAGGAAAGATTAAAAGGAGTAAAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACTAATCCCGCCTGTTTACCAA
AAACATCACTTCCAGCATAAAAAGTATTGGAAGCATCGCCTGCCCTGTGACTTCATGTTTAACGGCCGCG
GTATCCTGACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCATAATCACTTGTTCTTTAAATAAGGACTGGTATGAATGGCTGGACG
AGGGTTCAACTGTCTCTTACTCCTAATCTGTGAAATTGACCTCCCTGTGAAAAGGCAGGGATAACGCAAT
AAGACGAGAAGACCCTGTGGAGCTTCAATTAACTAATCAACGCAATCAAAAATAAACCTCAATAGAGGAT
AACAATTAATGCTCATTGATTAGCTATTTCGGTTGGGGTGACCTCGGAGTAAAAACTAACCTCCGAACGA
TACTAATCTAGACTCGACCAGTCTAAATTAAAACTCATTAATTGACCCAAATAAATTGATCAATGGAACA
AGTTACCCCAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTATTCTAGAGTCCATATCGACAATAGGGTTTACGACCTCGAT
GTTGGATCAGGACATCCAAATGGTGCAACCGCTATTAATGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAAAGTCCTACG
TGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCGGTTTCTATCTATTCCAATATTTCTCCCAGTACGAAAG
GACAAGAGAAATAGGGCCCATGAAACACTCACGCCCTAAGTGCTTATAGGTGAACTAATCTTAACCTAAA
ACAACATTACAACCCAATCCTAGACAAGGATTTGTTAAGATGGCAGAGCCTGGTAATTGCGTAAGACTTA
AGACTTTATAACCAGAGGTTCAACTCCTCTTCTTAACACCCATGTTTCTATTAAACTTACTCCTCCTAAT
CATCCCTGTACTTCTAGCCATAGCATTCCTAACCCTAGTTGAACGAAAAATACTAGGCTACATACAACTC
CGAAAAGGCCCTAATGTAGTAGGACCATACGGACTCCTCCAGCCTTTCGCAGATGCAATAAAGCTATTTA
TTAAAGAACCCCTTAAACCACTCACATCATCAACCACATTATTCATTGTTGCACCCCTACTCGCCCTTAC
CCTAGCATTCACCATATGAATCCCAATACCGATACCTCAACCACTCATCAATATAAACATAGGCGTACTA
TTTATCCTCGCAACCTCAAGTCTAGCCGTATACGCCATTTTATGATCAGGATGAGCATCCAATTCCAAAT
ATGCACTAATTGGTGCTCTTCGCGCCGTAGCTCAGACCATCTCTTATGAAGTAACCCTAGCCATTATTCT
CCTATCCGTCCTTCTCATAAACGGCTCCTTTACCTTATCCACCCTTATTCATACTCAACAACAAGTATGA
CTACTCCTCCCATCATGACCCCTAGCCATAATGTGATTCGTCTCAACCCTGGCAGAGACCAACCGAGCCC
CATTTGACCTAGCAGAAGGTGAATCAGAACTTGTCTCGGGTTTTAACGTAGAATACGCAGCAGGTCCGTT
CGCCCTTTTTTTTATAGCTGAATACATAAACATCATTATAATAAATGCCCTAACTACAATTCTCTTTCTA
GGAGCATTTTTCAACCCCACCTCCCCCGAAACCTTTACACTTAACTTCGTATTAAAAACACTAATTTTAA
CCTCCGTATTCTTATGAATCCGAGCATCATACCCACGATTCCGATACGACCAACTCATACATTTATTATG
AAAAAACTTTTTACCCCTAACACTAGCACTATGCATATGACATATCTCCCTGCCAATCCTAACAGCATGC
ATCCCGCCCCAAACATAGAAACATGTCTGACAAAAGAATTACTTTGATAGAGTAAATAATAGGGGTTCAA
GCCCCCTTGTTTCTAGAATTATAGGACTTGAACCTAACCCTAAGAATTCAAAATTCTTCGTGCTACCTAA
TACACCACATTCTAATAGTAAGGTCAGCTAAATAAGCTATCGGGCCCATACCCCGAAAATGTTGGTTAAT
ATCCTTCCCGTACTAATTAATCCCTTCACATTCTCCGCCATCTATCTTACTCTATTCTCAGGAACATTGA
TTGTTCTATTAAGCTCCCACTGACTACTCACCTGAGTAGGCCTAGAAATAAGCATATTAGCAATTATCCC
TATTCTAATCCACAAAGCAAATCCACGATCCACTGAAGCCGCATCAAAATACTTCCTCGTACAAGCTACC
GCCTCAATAATCCTAATAATATCCGCAATTATTAACTACATCTCTTCAGGACAATGAACGTTAACAAACA
TCTCCAATCAAATTTCACCACTACTATTTACACTCGCCCTATCTATAAAAATAGGTCTAGCCCCATTTCA
CTTATGAGTTCCCGAAGTCACCCAAGGAATCCCTCTAATATCAGGTTTAATTCTACTAACATGACAAAAA
ATCGCTCCCATCTCAATCATATACCAAATTTCCCCCCTAGTAGACTGTACACTACTAATAACCCTATCAA
TCCTATCCATTATGCTAGGAGGCTGAGGAGGCCTAAACCAAACCCAATTACGAAAAATCATAGCATATTC
ATCAATTGCTCACATAGGATGAATAATGGCTATTATTACATTTAACCCTATACTAACCATATTCAACCTA
ATCATTTATATCCTACTTACCATTAGCATATTCACAATATTTAATTACAATAAAACTACTACAACCTCTA
CACTATCCCTCACTTGAAATAAATACCCACTATTTACCTCAATAATACTAGTCATCCTTCTATCCCTGGG
TGGTCTCCCTCCACTTACTGGATTCGCTCCCAAATGAATAATCATTAAAGAACTTATCTCTAATAACAAC
ATTATTATATCACTATCCATAGCAATACTAGCCCTACTAAACTTATTCTTTTATTCACGTCTCATTTATT
CCACAACACTAACACTCTTTCCCTCCCCAAATAACACAAAAATAAAATGACAATTTGAAAACACAAAACT
AACCTTACTCCTACCAACAATAATTATCTTATCTACCACAACCCTGCCTCTCACACCAATAATCTTGACT
CTAACCTAGGAATTTAGGTTAACCATAGACCAAAAGCCTTCAAAGCTTTAAGTAAATAATCACTATTTAA
TTCCTGCTACCAAGGGTTGCAAGATCACATCTTACATCAACTGAACGCAAATCAATTACTTTAATTAAGC
TAAACCCTCATCCTAGATTGATGGGACTCGAACCCACAAAAAATTAGTTAACAGCTAACTACCCTAACCA
ACTGGCTTCAATCCACTTCTCCCGCCGTAAGAAAAAAAGGCGGGAGAAGCCCCGGCAGGGTTGAAGCTGC
TCCTTTGAATTTGCAATTCAATATGAACCTTTCACCTCAGGGCTTTGGTAAAAAGAGGACTCCACCTCTG
TCTTTAGATTTACAGTCTAATGCTTTCTCAGCCATTTTACCACCTACTTATGTTCGTCAATCGTTGATTA
TTTTCAACTAATCACAAGGATATCGGAACTCTTTACCTACTATTTGGCGCTTGGGCTGGGATAGTAGGAA
CAGCTCTAAGCCTATTAATCCGAGCTGAACTGGGCCAGCCCGGGGCCCTACTGGGTGATGATCAGATTTA
TAATGTAGTCGTCACCGCTCACGCATTCGTAATAATCTTCTTCATAGTTATGCCCATTATGATTGGAGGC
TTTGGAAACTGACTTGTTCCTTTAATAATTGGAGCCCCCGATATAGCATTCCCTCGAATAAACAATATAA
GCTTCTGGCTCCTACCCCCATCATTTCTTCTACTTCTCGCCTCTTCCATAGTAGAAGCAGGGGCTGGTAC
AGGCTGAACAGTATATCCCCCGCTAGCAGGAAACCTAGCGCATGCAGGAGCATCCGTTGACCTAACCATT
TTCTCACTCCATCTAGCAGGTGTTTCTTCAATTTTAGGTGCAATTAACTTCATTACTACCATCATCAATA
TAAAACCTCCCGCTATATCTCAATATCAAACTCCCTTATTCGTATGATCAGTCCTAATTACAGCTGTTTT
ATTACTACTATCTCTCCCCGTCTTAGCAGCTGGTATTACCATACTCCTAACAGATCGAAACCTGAATACA
ACATTCTTTGACCCCGCAGGAGGGGGAGACCCTATCCTCTACCAACATCTATTCTGATTCTTCGGACATC
CCGAAGTTTATATTTTAATTCTACCTGGATTTGGTATAATCTCACATATTGTCACCTATTACTCCGGCAA
AAAGGAGCCATTTGGCTATATAGGAATAGTGTGAGCCATAATATCTATTGGCTTTCTAGGATTTATTGTT
TGAGCCCATCATATGTTCACAGTAGGAATGGATGTCGACACCCGAGCCTATTTTACATCAGCAACAATAA
TTATTGCTATTCCTACAGGAGTGAAAGTATTTAGCTGACTGGCAACCCTGCACGGAGGCAACATCAAATG
GTCACCAGCCATATTATGAGCTCTAGGATTTATTTTCTTATTTACCGTAGGCGGCCTAACAGGAATCGTA
CTGGCAAACTCATCACTTGATATCGTATTGCATGACACCTACTATGTAGTAGCTCACTTCCACTATGTTT
TATCAATAGGAGCTGTGTTCGCAATCATAGGGGGATTTGTGCATTGATTCCCCCTTTTCTCTGGCTACAC
CCTCGACCTTACATGAGCTAAAATCCACTTTACTGTAATATTCGTCGGAGTTAACTTAACTTTCTTCCCT
CAACACTTCCTCGGATTATCTGGAATACCCCGACGCTATTCAGACTATCCAGATGCATATGCAGCATGAA
ACACAATCTCATCCATAGGCTCATTCATCTCTTTAACAGCTGTGATAATCATAGTCTTCATGATCTGAGA
AGCATTCTCATCTAAACGAGAAGTCCTAATTGTAGAATTGACTACCACCAATATAGAATGATTACACGGA
TGTCCTCCACCATATCACACATTTGAAGAACCAGCATACGTAAAAGCATAACGAGAAAGGAAAGAATCGA
ACTTCCTAAAGACTAGTTTCAAGCCAGCCCCGTGACCATCACGACTTTCTCCATGAGGTATTAGTAAAAC
AAATACATAACTTTGTCAGGGTTAAATTATAGGTTAAAATCCTATATATCTCTATGGCTTACCCTTTTGA
ATTTGGCTTCCAAGACGCTACTTCTCCCATTATGGAAGAACTTCTACACTTCCATGATCATACACTCATA
ATCGTATTTCTAATCAGCTCACTAGTTCTCTATATCATTTCTCTTATACTTACAACTAAACTCACCCACA
CAAGCACAATAGATGCACAAGAAGTAGAAACTATCTGAACAATTCTGCCTGCAATCATTCTAATCTTGAT
TGCTCTACCCTCTTTACGAATCCTTTACATAATAGACGAAATCAATGACCCTTCTTTAACAGTAAAAACC
ATGGGCCATCAATGATACTGAAGCTATGAATATACAGACTTTGAAGACCTCAACTTTGACCCCTATATAA
TCCCCACAACAGACCTAAAGCCAGGAGAGCTGCGACTCCTAGAAGTGGACAACCGACCAGTCCTCCCAAT
AGAATTACCTATCCGCATGTTAATCTCTTCCGAAGATGTTCTCCACTCATGAGCCGTACCCTCACTAGGT
TTAAAAACAGATGCAATTCCAGGACGACTAAACCAAGCTACCTTGACATCAACTCGACCAGGATTATATT
ACGGTCAGTGCTCTGAGATCTGTGGGTCAAATCACAGCTTTATACCCATTGTCCTTGAAATAGTCCCACT
AAAACACTTTGAAACCTGATCAGCATCCATACTATAAATCCATTATGAAGCTAAACGTAGCATTAACCTT
TTAAGTTAAAGACTAGGAACCTAGACTTCCTCATAATGACATGCCCCAACTCGACACATCCACGTGATTC
ATCACAATCGTTTCTATGTTCCTTACCTTATTTATCATAATCCAATTAAAAATCGCTAACCACCCTTACC
CCCTCACCCCTCAAATCAAAAGCACCAAATCTGATAAACCAAAATCCCCATGAAATAATCAATGAACGAA
AATTTATTTGCCTCTTTCATTACCCCTACAATAATAGGCCTTCCTATTGTTATTATTATTGTCCTGTTTC
CCAGTATTCTCTTCCCCTCTCCAAATCGACTAGTTAATAACCGAGTAATTTCACTTCAACAATGACTAAT
CCATTTAATTCTAAAGCAAATAATGATAATACACAATAAAAAAGGACAAACATGATCTCTTATACTTATT
TCATTAATTATCTTCATCGGCTCTACAAATCTTTTAGGACTCTTGCCATACTCTTTCACACCCACCACTC
AACTATCTATGAATTTAGGAATAGCTATTCCACTTTGAGCAGGAGCTGTAATCACAGGATTTCGTTACAA
AGCCAAAGCATCACTAGCCCACTTTCTCCCCCAGGGCACTCCAATCCCCCTTATCCCAATGCTTATCATC
ATTGAAACAATCAGCCTGTTTATCCAACCCATAGCCCTTGCTGTACGACTAACAGCAAATATCACGGCCG
GTCACCTACTAATACACCTCATTGGAGGCGCTACTCTAGTACTAACCTCCATTAGCCCTCCTGCCGCTAT
AATTACATTCATTATCCTAGTACTACTAACAATCCTCGAATTCGCAGTAGCTTTAATTCAAGCATATGTT
TTCACTCTCCTAGTTAGCCTGTACCTACATGACAACACATAATGACCCACCAAACACATGCCTACCATAT
AGTTAATCCGAGCCCCTGGCCACTTACAGGAGCCTTATCTGCCCTACTAATAACATCTGGCTTAATTATG
TGATTTCATTTTAACTCTAACTCTCTTCTCATATTAGGAATAACAACGAATCTCTTAACCATATACCAAT
GATGACGAGATGTCATCCGTGAAGGAACCTTCCAAGGACATCACACAACTATTGTCCAAAAAGGCCTTCG
ATATGGCATAGTCTTATTCATTATTTCAGAGATCTTCTTTTTCGCTGGTTTCTTCTGAGCATTCTATCAC
TCTAGCCTAGCTCCTACCCCAGAACTAGGTGGCTGCTGACCCCCTACAGGAATCAACCCTCTAAACCCCC
TAGAAGTTCCCCTTCTCAACACATCCGTCCTACTAGCATCAGGAGTTTCCATCACATGAGCCCATCACAG
CCTAATAGAAGGTGACCGCAAACATATAATTCAAGCACTAACCATTACAATCGCTCTTGGATTATACTTC
ACCCTACTTCAAGCTTCAGAATATCTAGAATCCTCATTTACCATTTCCGATGGTATCTACGGCTCAACTT
TCTTCATAGCCACAGGCTTTCACGGACTCCACGTAATTATTGGCTCTACATTCCTCTTAGTTTGCCTTCT
ACGCCAACTCAATTTCCACTTCACATCCAATCATCATTTCGGCTTTGAAGCAGCGGCTTGATATTGACAC
TTTGTAGACGTTGTATGACTTTTCCTATATGTATCCATCTATTGATGAGGATCATATTCTTCTAATATAA
ATCAGTATAGTTGACTTCCAATCAACATGTCCTAGCAAGCCCTGGGGAGGAATAATAAATCTCATAATCT
CTCTAACCATCAACATTATAATCTCCTTAATTTTAATCATAATCGCATTCTGACTCCCTCAACTAAATAT
CTATGCAGAAAAAGCAAGCCCCTACGAATGTGGTTTTGACCCCATAGGCTCAGCACGCCTCCCGTTTTCA
ATAAAATTTTTCTTAATCGCCATCACATTCCTCCTATTCGACCTAGAAATTGCCCTTCTTTTACCCCTTC
CCTGAGCACTCCAAATTAACAACCTAAGCCTGATACTAACCGTGGCCCTACTATTAGTTCTCATCCTTAC
TCTAGGTCTAGCCCACGAATGACTTCAAAAAGGCCTAGAATGAATTGAATATGGAGATTAGTTTAATAAT
AAAATAAGTGATTTCGACTCACTAGATTATGATATACCATAATCTCCAAAAATGCCTATAATTATATTAA
ATATTTTCCTAGCTTATACCGCATCCCTACTAGGAATATTCATTTACCGATCCCATCTTATATCCTCTCT
CCTATGTCTAGAAGGTATAATGTTATCGATATTCGTCTTAACAACCTTAGCAACTCTTACTAACCATTTT
CCACTATCATTTATAATCCCTATCATCCTACTTGTATTCGCAGCATGTGAGGCCGCAGTTGGACTAGCAT
TATTGGTAATAGTATCCAATACATATGGCCTAGATTATGTACAAAACCTAAATATCCTCCAATGCTAAAA
ATTATTTTACCCACGATCTCTCTTATCCCACTTATATGATTTTCAAAAAACTCAATAATCTGAATTAACT
CCTCAATCCACAGCTTCATAATTAGTTTTGTTACCTTATTCATATTATATCAATCGCACGACGGTAACCT
AACATTCTCAACAAACTTTTTCTCTGATCCCGTATCCGCTCCGCTACTGGTCCTAACAACATGATTACTA
CCTCTAATAATATTGGCAAGTCAGAACCACCTATCCAATGAAACACTCTTACGAAAAAAACTTTATATTC
TAATACTGATCCTTCTCCAAGTATTTTTAGTAATAACTTTCTCTGCCACAGAATTAATTCTATTCTATAT
CCTTTTTGAAGCTACCCTCATCCCTACCCTAATTATTATTACACGCTGAGGAAACCAGACGGAACGTCTC
AATGCTGGCCTATACTTTCTATTCTACACATTAGCCGGATCACTCCCACTGTTAGTAGCCCTAATCTATA
TTCAAAACTCAGCAGGATCATTAAACTTCATCCTCTTTTCATACTGAACTAACAACTTATCCCAATCCTG
ATCAAATAGCACTCTCTGACTAGCATGCATCATAGCCTTTATAGTAAAAATACCTCTCTACGGCCTACAC
CTATGACTTCCCAAAGCACATGTAGAAGCCCCAATTGCAGGATCCATAGTATTAGCAGCAATCCTACTAA
AACTAGGAGGCTACGGGATAATCCGCATCTCAACCATTCTACACCCAATCACAACCTCAATAGCCTATCC
CTTCCTCATACTCTCTATATGAGGAATAATCATAACAAGCTCAATCTGTCTACGACAAACCGATCTAAAA
TCCCTAATTGCCTATTCTTCCGTTAGCCATATAGCCCTTGTTATTGTAGCAATCATAATCCAGTCACCCT
GAAGTTTTATAGGGGCTACCGCACTAATAATCGCTCATGGCCTAACCTCATCAATACTATTTTGTCTAGC
AAATACCAATTATGAACGAACCCACAGCCGAACAATACTTCTAGCCCGCGGACTACAATCCATCTTACCT
TTAATAGCAGCCTGATGAATATTAGCCAGCTTAACAAATCTCGCCCTACCCCCTTCCATCAATTTAATTG
GAGAACTATTCATCATCCTTTCCTCTTTCTCATGATCCAATATAACCATTATCCTTATGGGCCTGAATAT
ATTAATTACTGCCCTATACTCATTATATATACTAATCACCACGCAACGAGGCAAATTTACATACCACATC
ACTGATATCACACCCTCCTTCACACGAGAAAACACACTTATATTACTACACATATTACCCTTAATCCTAC
TATCAACTAACCCTACAATCATTCTCGGCCACTTATATTGTAAATATAGTTTAAGAAAAACCTTAGATTG
TGAATCTAAAAATAGAAGATAATACCTTCTTGTTTACCGAGATAGAACCGCAAGAGCTGCTAACTCATGC
CTCCGTGAGTACAACCACGGCTTTCTCGACTTTTATAGGATAGAAGTAATCCATTGGTCTTAGGAACCAA
AAAATTGGTGCAACTCCAAATAAAAGTAATTAACATACTCCCATCATTCATCCTAATATCACTAGTAACA
CTGACCTTCCCCATCTTCACCTCCATACTCAACCTGCACAAACCCATTGACTACCCACGTTACGTAAAAA
CTTCTATCGTCTTGGCTTTCCTCTTTAGTATAATTCCAATACTTGCCTTTATTAATTCAAACTACGAAAC
AATCATTTCCAATTGACACTGAATAACAATTCAAACATTTAATCTAACTATAAGTTTTAAACTAGACTAC
TTCTCAATACTATTTATACCAGTAGCATTATTTGTAACATGATCCATCATAGAATTCTCAATATGATATA
TACATTCCGATCCTTTTATCGACCGATTTTTCAAATATCTACTCATATTTCTTATTACAATAATAATCTT
AGTTTCCTCTAATAATCTTTTCCAACTCTTCATCGGATGAGAGGGAGTTGGAATTATATCATTTCTTCTA
ATTGGCTGATGATATGGCCGAACAGATGCTAACACAGCAGCTCTACAAGCCATTTTATATAATCGAATCG
GAGACATTGGATTTGTTATAGCTATAGCCTGATTCCTCACACATTCTAATTCATGAGAATTCCAACAACT
ATTCATAATGGATACAACCCTACTACCACTCGTAGGCCTACTCCTTGCTGCCACGGGCAAATCCGCCCAA
TTTGGCTTGCACCCCTGACTCCCATCAGCCATAGAAGGCCCCACACCGGTATCCGCCCTACTCCACTCCA
GCACCATAGTCGTAGCCGGAATTTTCCTTCTAATTCGCTTCTATCCTCTAACAGAGAACAATAAAACCAT
CCAAACACTCGCCCTATGTTTAGGAGCAATCACTACACTATTCACAGCAATCTGCGCATTAACCCAAAAT
GATATTAAAAAAATCATCGCTTTCTCCACCTCCAGTCAACTCGGCCTTATAATAGTCACAATCGGCATCA
ACCAGCCTCACTTAGCTTTCCTCCATATCTGCACCCACGCATTTTTTAAAGCCATATTATTCATGTGCTC
AGGGTCTATTATTCACAGCCTAAACAATGAACAAGATATCCGTAAAATAGGCGGGCTCTTTAAAATCTTA
CCCTTCACCTCCTCCTCCCTAATAGTAGGATCCCTCGCACTAACTGGCATCCCTTTCCTAACAGGATTCT
ACTCTAAAGACCTAATCATTGAATCCGCCAACACGTCGTATACCAACGCCTGAGCCCTAATTATCACTCT
CATCGCTACCTCCCTAACAGCTGCTTACAGCACTCGCATTATTTTCTTCGCTCTGCTTAATCAACCCCGA
TACCCCCCACTCGCACCCGTTAATGAAAACAACCCACACTTAATCAACCCCATCATGCGCCTACTAATTG
GCAGCATTTTTGCAGGATTTCTAATATCTAAAAATATCCCTACCATAAATATACCCCCCATAACCATACC
CTTATACCTAAAAATCACAGCTCTGTTAGTTACTATTGCAGGTTTCACAATCGCAATAGAACTAAATAAT
TTATCTTCAAACCTTAAAATCACCTACTACTCAAACCCCTCAAAATTTTCCACCATACTCGGATACTTTC
CAACCATCATCCATCGCTTACACTCTAAACTGAGCCTCTCAATAAGCCAAAAATCAGCATCAACTCTACT
AGACCTGATCTGACTAGAAAAAGCAATTCCAAAACTAACCGCTGAAATTCAAGTTAAAGCCTCACTAATA
ACCTCCAGCCACAAAGGACTAATTAAACTCTATTTCCTATCATTCCTTCTATCCTTTATCCTAGCTTCAA
CCACCCTGATCTATTTACCCGTGTAATTTCAATAACAATAAAAATACTTACAAACAAGGATCAACCAGCC
ACAACCATCAATCAACTTCCATAACTGTACAAAGCCGCAACACCCAATGAATCCTCACGAACTAATCCCA
ACTCCTCCCCCTCAAATACCATTCAATCTTCCATATTCTTAAACTCAATTACAATCTCCACATCCTCATA
CAACACACCAACCAGCACAAACAATAACTCCATAAAAACTCCAAATAATAAAACCCCTCAAATTATAACA
TTAGACCCCCACGTTTCAGGATATTCCTCTGTAGCCATAGCAGTCGTATACCCAAATACCACCAACATCC
CCCCTAAATAAATTAGAAACACCATTAATCCTAAAAAAGACCCGCCAAAATATAATACAATTCCACACCC
AACCCCTCCACTAATAATTAATCCCATACCCCCATAAATCGGAGAGGGCTTTGATGATACCCCAAATAGC
CCTATCACAAACATCATACTCAATAAATATGTAGTGTATGTCATTATTTTTACATGGAATCTAACCATGA
CTAATGATATGAAAAACCATCGTTGTAATTCAACTATAAAAACACCAATGACAAATATCCGCAAAACACA
CCCCCTATTTAAAATTATTAATCACTCATTCATTGACCTCCCCACCCCTTCTAATATTTCAGCCTGATGA
AACTTCGGCTCCCTCCTCGGCTTATGCCTAATTATCCAAATTCTAACAGGACTCTTCCTAGCCATACACT
ACACCTCCGACACCACAACAGCCTTCTCCTCCGTAACCCACATTTGCCGTGATGTTAATTACGGCTGACT
AATTCGTTACTTACATGCAAACGGCGCATCAATATTCTTCATCTGCCTATTTCTCCATGTAGGCCGAGGC
TTCTACTACGGCTCATACACATACCTCGAAACATGGAACATCGGAGTCATTCTTCTATTTGTAGTCATAG
CAACCGCATTCATAGGCTATGTCCTACCATGAGGACAAATATCCTTCTGAGGGGCTACTGTCATTACAAA
CCTACTCTCCGCTATCCCTTATATTGGCACAGCACTGGTAGAATGAATCTGAGGGGGTTTTTCAGTAGAC
AAAGCAACCCTCACACGTTTCTTCGCATTCCACTTTATCCTACCATTCATTGTAGCAGCACTAGCGATAG
TTCACCTCCTATTCCTCCATGAAACAGGATCTAACAACCCCTCAGGACTTAATTCAGACGCAGATAAAAT
CCCATTCCACCCCTACTACACAATTAAAGATGCCCTAGGCGTAATCCTCCTTCTTCTTCTGCTCACAACC
CTCGTACTATTCTCCCCCGACTTACTAGGTGATCCCGATAACTATATCCCTGCCAATCCCCTAAGCACGC
CTCCTCACATTAAACCAGAATGATATTTCCTCTTTGCCTACGCCATCCTCCGATCTATCCCTAATAAACT
GGGAGGAGTAATTGCCCTAGTTATATCAATCTTAATTCTAATCCTCCTTCCCTCTCTCCACATATCAAAA
CAACGTAGTATAGCATTCCGACCCCTCAGCCAATGCCTTTTTTGGATACTAGTAGCTGATCTCTTCACCC
TAACATGAATTGGAGGTCAACCCGTCGAATACCCCTTCATCATCATCGGCCAACTTGCATCCATCCTCTA
CTTTACCCTTATTTTAATTATTATACCAACCGCAAGCTTAATCGAAAACAAGCTCCTTAAATGATAGGCT
CTAGTAGTATAATAAATTACCCTGGCCTTGTAAACCAGAAATGAAGACCCCAACCCTTCCTAGAACATTT
ATCAAGGAGGAAGTAATCAAACTCCGTCTTCAACTCCCAAAGCTAATATTTTCAACTAAACTACTCCCTG
AACCTTTTACTCGTCCGATTCCTTAAAAATTGACTATCATGTCAGTATTAACTTTTTTCACCATTCATTT
TATGCTATGTAATACGTGCATTAATTAAATGCCACATGGATATCTATAGCCATTAATAAAGCATACAGTA
CATAGCACATAGTATGTTTAATCAACATTAAGTATCTACACCACTTGCATATAAGCAAGTACATTACGTC
AAGAAGTGCATAGTACATATTATGTCGTTCCACAGTAAATTTACCTCAATACGGATATAGCACGGTACAT
TAAATCCTCATCGGACATGGCACATACTATCATTTATCGCGCATCCCCCATTCTGTCATAAATCTTCCTC
GATCCAAATGACTATCCCCTTCCAATGGGTGTCCCATAATCTACCATCCTCCGTGAAACCATCAACCCGC
CCAATACGGATCCCTCTTCTTGCTCTGATCCCATTTAACTTGGGGGTAGCTAACTCTGAACTATATCTGG
CATCTGGTTCCTACCTCAGGGCCATCAATTGCATCATCGCTCTAACGTTCCTCTTAAATGAGACATCACG
ATGGATTAGTTACATATTCGCCCGTGACCCAACATAACTGCTCTGTCATGCCTTTAGTGGTTTTTCTCTT
TGGGGTATGCTTGGACTCACCATTGGCCGTCAGAGGCCCCGACGCAGGCAATTCCTATTTAGCTGGACTT
ATCAGTCAATATTCTTACCTAGCATAACTACCAACAGGGGTTAATATATCCATGCTTGAAGGACTAAGAA
TTTTACTAATAGAGAAATTCTACTAAACACCTCTCCCAAACCCAAATTATTTATTTTTTCAGTACCTCTG
GTTAGGGCACTTCTTACCTGCTTCAAAAATTATTAACAGCTATCTCAGTATTGTCGACAAATCTGCTAGA
ACTTAAAGTGCCATTTCCCTATCGCCATAGTGACTTAATTTTGTCTTTTACCTTAAGCCTATATCTTAAC
TTCAGCCTCACCGACAAGCCCTCCAATACTCACATGCCACTCAATCCTAACCTCCACCCTATAAGAAACT
ACGTGCCCCTGACCCCACCACCCCCCCCCTTTTTTTTTCCTCT


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.