Viewing data for Scarus ghobban


Scientific name Scarus ghobban
Common name Flame parrotfish
Maximum lifespan 13.00 years (Scarus ghobban@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16676 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7747 8929 4950 2797 4276 4653
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 297 168 256 279
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11405 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5369 6036 3609 1760 3039 2997
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 471 529 316 154 266 263
Base content (%) 47.1% 52.9%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1553 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 702 851 388 314 378 473
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 452 548 250 202 243 305
Base content (%) 45.2% 54.8%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2638 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1230 1408 668 562 546 862
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 253 213 207 327
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%
12S rRNA gene (size: 953 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 461 492 248 213 200 292
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 484 516 260 224 210 306
Base content (%) 48.4% 51.6%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1685 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 769 916 420 349 346 570
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 456 544 249 207 205 338
Base content (%) 45.6% 54.4%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 314 370 218 96 195 175
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 459 541 319 140 285 256
Base content (%) 45.9% 54.1%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 76 92 54 22 43 49
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 452 548 321 131 256 292
Base content (%) 45.2% 54.8%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 740 811 456 284 436 375
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 477 523 294 183 281 242
Base content (%) 47.7% 52.3%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 321 370 206 115 184 186
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 465 535 298 166 266 269
Base content (%) 46.5% 53.5%
COX3 (size: 785 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 376 409 238 138 212 197
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 479 521 303 176 270 251
Base content (%) 47.9% 52.1%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 526 615 347 179 324 291
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 461 539 304 157 284 255
Base content (%) 46.1% 53.9%
ND1 (size: 972 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 467 505 313 154 260 245
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 480 520 322 158 267 252
Base content (%) 48.0% 52.0%
ND2 (size: 1045 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 506 539 360 146 271 268
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 484 516 344 140 259 256
Base content (%) 48.4% 51.6%
ND3 (size: 352 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 161 191 104 57 114 77
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 295 162 324 219
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%
ND4 (size: 1380 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 665 715 466 199 355 360
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 482 518 338 144 257 261
Base content (%) 48.2% 51.8%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 143 154 99 44 84 70
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 481 519 333 148 283 236
Base content (%) 48.1% 51.9%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 834 1005 575 259 487 518
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 454 546 313 141 265 282
Base content (%) 45.4% 54.6%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 247 275 177 70 79 196
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 473 527 339 134 151 375
Base content (%) 47.3% 52.7%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 49 (21.59%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 10 7 14 8 18 4 5 9 1 8 4 4 3 4 9
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 0 2 10 6 2 1 6 4 0 5 6 6 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 8 0 3 2 1 0 0 3 0 5 0 0 4 4 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 5 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
56 79 58 35
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
24 62 34 108
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
16 77 83 52
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPGPWFLIMMFTWLIFLTILPKKVLSHKFPNDPASEDKSMPATPSWSWRWH*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 8 (14.55%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 4 3 1 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 1 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
7 16 17 16
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
8 17 13 18
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 21 19 9
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 46 (8.91%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 46 (8.91%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 38 (7.36%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.39%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 41 (7.95%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (12.02%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (4.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (5.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.13%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 14 (2.71%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
23 19 3 15 17 22 4 3 7 1 17 9 12 3 14 28
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
20 0 2 6 21 19 0 6 16 17 7 12 10 5 2 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 17 3 5 8 9 2 1 3 2 15 2 1 7 7 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
16 9 2 3 12 8 0 0 1 6 1 0 0 1 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
159 122 129 107
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
77 137 93 210
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
48 197 153 119
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (9.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 27 (11.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.8%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 11 4 5 8 8 3 3 10 0 9 6 6 0 5 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 2 0 3 7 8 0 2 2 4 1 3 5 6 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 3 0 5 8 1 0 0 4 2 7 1 0 3 2 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 12 2 1 11 3 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
74 64 49 43
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 54 63 87
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 88 74 53
COX3 (size: 785 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (7.69%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (5.38%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 19 (7.31%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (11.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 7 7 8 5 12 3 2 6 2 6 8 4 1 6 18
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 2 3 8 9 0 2 10 7 3 3 1 5 2 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 8 1 2 4 4 1 0 3 4 8 1 1 0 1 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 10 0 1 4 2 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 69 52 64
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
44 66 55 96
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
18 103 89 51
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (6.6%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 36 (9.5%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 25 (6.6%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 19 (5.01%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 58 (15.3%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 29 (7.65%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 31 (8.18%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.69%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.32%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 18 (4.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 18 6 13 18 15 3 7 5 1 5 8 11 2 8 23
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 2 6 15 13 2 3 3 13 6 5 10 7 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 14 0 8 7 7 1 0 2 2 12 2 2 5 13 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 5 0 3 9 8 1 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
104 97 86 93
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
51 100 76 153
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 150 129 77
ND1 (size: 972 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.88%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 38 (11.76%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (5.57%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 17 (5.26%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (6.19%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 65 (20.12%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (6.5%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (3.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (5.26%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (4.33%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.48%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.24%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.41%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (4.02%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 5 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (1.55%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.17%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.48%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 9 6 12 20 17 7 8 4 1 6 8 4 2 7 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 0 3 15 19 1 1 6 11 1 5 11 6 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 4 1 4 4 7 0 0 3 2 12 2 1 4 9 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 8 3 1 3 7 0 2 1 5 0 0 0 1 0 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
92 96 72 64
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 92 60 134
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
24 125 113 62
ND2 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 20 (5.76%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 34 (9.8%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (7.49%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 44 (12.68%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 74 (21.33%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (5.76%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 9 5 18 22 19 6 8 11 2 4 3 4 2 7 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 0 5 17 9 3 1 10 8 1 2 12 7 1 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 15 2 6 6 6 2 2 4 1 6 2 1 6 4 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 5 1 1 0 8 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
74 112 100 62
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
42 120 52 134
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
30 128 116 74
ND3 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 20 (5.76%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 34 (9.8%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (7.49%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 44 (12.68%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 74 (21.33%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 20 (5.76%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 9 5 18 22 19 6 8 11 2 4 3 4 2 7 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 0 5 17 9 3 1 10 8 1 2 12 7 1 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 15 2 6 6 6 2 2 4 1 6 2 1 6 4 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 5 1 1 0 8 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
74 112 100 62
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
42 120 52 134
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
30 128 116 74
ND4 (size: 1380 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (5.66%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 42 (9.15%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (6.97%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (9.8%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (1.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (3.7%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 94 (20.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 30 (6.54%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 24 (5.23%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (6.1%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (2.83%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 23 18 24 28 23 6 10 9 1 4 6 4 3 7 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 3 3 7 17 18 0 3 10 9 4 5 16 7 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
21 14 3 4 13 8 1 1 5 3 10 2 3 3 8 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 11 0 1 3 9 2 2 3 5 2 0 0 1 0 14
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
100 143 127 90
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
66 141 73 180
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
33 182 160 85
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 23 (23.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 4 9 5 5 1 3 2 1 0 2 0 0 4 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 1 2 4 4 5 0 0 3 2 1 0 3 0 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 4 0 1 2 6 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
25 32 18 24
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
14 32 15 38
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
5 35 37 22
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 53 (8.66%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 47 (7.68%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 58 (9.48%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 8 (1.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 34 (5.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 93 (15.2%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 45 (7.35%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 30 (4.9%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 39 (6.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 31 (5.07%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 16 (2.61%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.63%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
23 22 17 29 24 25 8 7 15 1 8 13 13 0 17 22
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
13 2 6 8 24 20 1 4 17 7 3 4 10 17 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
29 21 2 12 8 13 2 1 11 2 9 3 0 7 24 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 11 3 3 8 16 4 0 1 8 1 0 0 1 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
143 159 196 115
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
75 177 120 241
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
41 239 202 131
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (11.56%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 10 (5.78%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (13.87%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 32 (18.5%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 8 (4.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (6.94%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 0 1 6 2 2 1 10 0 0 9 1 5 9 6 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 1 0 11 0 5 4 2 1 3 18 2 0 0 2 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 1 3 4 0 1 2 3 0 7 5 3 11 1 0 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 3 3 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
77 19 23 55
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
37 39 23 75
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
63 12 33 66
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11427 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 246 (6.46%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 349 (9.17%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 249 (6.54%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 298 (7.83%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 29 (0.76%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 243 (6.38%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 638 (16.76%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 257 (6.75%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 156 (4.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 219 (5.75%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 233 (6.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 119 (3.13%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 117 (3.07%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 102 (2.68%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 118 (3.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 93 (2.44%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 106 (2.79%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 77 (2.02%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
124 133 78 158 164 174 50 70 82 11 77 71 69 26 90 143
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
78 12 17 60 141 135 13 27 86 87 46 53 90 68 8 47
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
122 113 16 55 68 66 12 8 40 26 93 22 22 40 78 27
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
79 88 14 17 58 67 8 9 15 42 11 0 0 7 1 95
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1015 1041 952 799
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
517 1067 696 1527
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
338 1398 1241 830 

>NC_011599.1 Scarus ghobban mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTATCGTAGCTTAACAAAAGCATAACACTGAAGATGTTAAGATGGGCCCTTAAAAGTCCCGACAGCACA
AAGGTTTGGTCCCGGCCTTATTCTCAACTGTAGCTGAACTTACACATGCAAGTATCCGCACCCCCGTGAA
AATGCCCCCCGCCCCCTGCCCGGGGACAAGGAGCCGGTATCAGGCACAAATCCATTTAGCCAGTGACACC
TAGCCTAGCCACACCCCCAAGGGACTACAGCAGTGATAGACATTAAGCAATGAGTGAAAACTCGACTTAG
TTAAAGCTAAGAGGGCTGGTAAATCTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAAAGGCCCAAGTTGAAAAAC
ATTCGGCGTAAAGGGTGGCTAAGGGCCTATTTTAAACTAGAGCTGAATTTCTTCAAAGCTGTTATACGCT
CATGAAAACTAGAAAATCAACCACGAAAGTGGCTCTAATCTCTCCTGACACCACGAAAGCTATGACACAA
ACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCATAGCCGTAAACCTAACAGCTCCTTACATCCGCTGTTCGCCCGGG
AACTACGAGCGTAAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGACGGTGCTTTATATCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCTGTCCT
AGAACCGATAATCCCCGTTAAACCTCACCTTTTCTTGCTCATTCCGCCTATATACCGCCGTCTCCAGTCT
ACCCTGTAAAGGACCCATAGTAGGCGAAATTGGTACAGCCCCAGACGACAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCGTATGA
CAAGGGAAGAGATGGGCTACATTCAGTGAAACACTGAATACGGAGAGCTAATTGAAACATTAACTTGAAG
GAGGATTTAGCAGTAAGTGGCGAATAGAGAGCCCCACTGAAATTGGCCCTGAAGCGTGTACACACCGCCC
GTCACTCTCCCCGAGCAGAAAAATTCTTTACCTAAAAAGCCAAATAAATGTAAAGGGGAGGCAAGTCGTA
ACATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGCTAAAGACATCGGAGTATAGTTAAACATTAGAACATCTC
CTTTACACCGAGAAAATACTCGTGCAAATCGAGTTACTTTGACGCCCAATAGCTAGCTCACTCACTAACA
AACAACACATCACCATTACTAACCCCTCATGTACCAAATAAAATTAAACAAACCATTTTTCCCCCTAAGT
ATGGGCGACAGAAAAGGAACATTGAAGCAATAGAGAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTGAAAGAGAAATGAA
ACAACCCAGTTAAGCTCGAAGAAGCAGAGACTAAACCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGAACTAGCGAGAATA
ACCAGGCGAAAAGATTTTTAGTCTGATGTCCCGAAACCAAGTGAGCTACTCCAAGACAGCCTATAACAAG
GGCAAACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGGAGAGCTTTGAGTAGAGGTGATAGACCTATCGAACTTGG
TTATAGCTGGTTGCCTGAGAAATGGATAGAAGTTCAGCCTTTTTAATTCTTTATTCACAACCAAACCAGA
TAATAAGAAACTAAAAGAGTTACCCAAAGGGGGTACAGCCCCTTTAGGACAAGACACAACTTCCCCAGGA
GGATAAAGATCAGAATAATAACAGGAGAGCATGTTTTAGTGGGCCCAAGAGCAGCCATCCCTAATGAGAG
CGTTACAGCTCAAACACCCTCCCCAATCCACAGATTCCGACAATTTCATCTCAACCCCTAACAATACCAG
GCCGTCCCATGCCCCCCATGGGAGTGACCATGCTAGTATGAGTAATAAGAGAACTAGATTCTCTCCCTGC
ATACGTGTACGTCGGAACGAACCCACGCCGATCCCTAACGGACCCAATACAAAGAGGAAATAGGGCCACA
CGATAGAGAACAAGAAAAACACCCTTAAATTAACCGTTAATCCTACACTGGTATGCCTACAAGGAAAGAC
TAAAAAGGAAAGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACTTACAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGCCTCTTGC
AAAATCAACAAATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACTATATGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATTTTGACCGTG
CGAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGGAGACCTGTATGAATGGCACGACGAGGGCTTAACTGTC
TCCTAAACTAAGTCAATGTAGTTGATCTCCCCGTGCAGAAGCGGGGATAAACCCATAAGACGAGAAGACC
CTATGGAGCTTTAGACACTAAAACAGCTCATGTTAAAAACCCTCACAAAAGAGGCCAAACTAGATGACCC
CTGTCCTAATGTCTTTGGTTGGGGCGACCACGGGGCAACAAAAAACCCCCGCGCGGAACAGAAACACTGT
TTCCAGAACCAAGAGCACCCACTCTAAGTAACAAGACCCACTTGACCTTTAAGATCCGGCACAAGCCGAT
CAACGGACCGAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCTTCTTCGAGAGCTCATATCGACGAGAAGGTTTA
CGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTA
AAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGATACCATTTTTTCT
AGTACGAAAGGACCGAAAAGAAAAGGCCTAGCCTAGAAGGATGCCTTTCCCTCATCTAATGAAAACAACT
TAACTAGCCGAGAGGGGGTTCAACCACAAAGCCTGAGACCAAGGCACGTTAGAGTAGCAGAGCACGGTCA
CTGCCGAAGGCCTAAGCCCTTCTTACAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTCTTTAACTATATGTACACACTAACTCT
CTACCTCATCAATGCCTTAGCCCTTATTGTTCCTGTCTTACTAGCAGTTGCCTTTCTGACCCTCGTCGAA
CGAAAAGTTCTAGGTTACATACAACTACGAAAAGGACCCAACGTAGTTGGCCCATACGGACTTCTCCAAC
CTATCGCAGATGGAATTAAACTATTCATTAAAGAACCAGTCCGCCCTTCCACCTCCTCACCAATTTTATT
CATTGCAAGCCCAACCCTTGCTCTCACCCTCGCACTCACGCTATGGGCACCCATGCCTCTCCCCTACCCC
CTGGCCGACCTTAACCTAGGAGTGCTTTTTCTCCTTGCTATTTCTAGCTTAGCAGTCTACGCCATTCTGG
GCTCAGGATGGGCCTCAAATTCAAAATATGCCCTCATCGGGGCCCTCCGTGCAGTTGCGCAAACCATTTC
TTATGAAGTAAGCCTAGGCCTCATTCTCCTAAACATCGTGATCTTTGCAGGAGGCTACACTCTTCACACC
TTCAACATCGTCCAAGAAGGAGCATGACTAATCCTACCCGCCTGACCCCTGGCAGCAATATGATACATTT
CCACCCTAGCCGAAACCAACCGAGCTCCCTTTGACTTAACCGAGGGAGAGTCAGAACTAGTCTCTGGCTT
TAATGTAGAGTACGCAGGAGGCCCATTCGCCATGTTCTTTCTCGCCGAATACGCAAACATCCTGCTTATA
AATACCCTTTCTGCAGTACTATTCCTCGGAGCCCTTCACATTCCCACACTTCCAGAACTAAACTCCGTCA
ACTTAATAACAAAAGCAGCACTCCTCTCAATAATGTTCCTGTGAGTCCGAGCATCATACCCCCGTTTCCG
ATACGACCAGCTTATGCACTTAGTTTGAAAAAACTTCCTCCCCCTAACATTAGCCTTTATAATCTGACAT
CTGGCACTATTGATTGCATTCGCCGGACTCCCCCCTCACCTCTAACAGGAGCTGTGCCTGAATCAAAGGG
TCACTTTGATAGAGTGAAACATGGGGGTTAAAATCCTCCCAACTCCTTCCACGGAGCAAAGTAAGCTAAT
AGAAGCTATTGGGCCCATACCCCAAAAATGTTGACTAATACTCAGCCTTTGTTACTTTTTCTCCATTAGA
AAAAAGGGGCTCGAACCCTTCCTGAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTGGTGCTTCCACTACACCACTTCCTAGCAA
AACAAGGAACAATTCCATTGGAACACAGCCAAACAAGTTGATTAACCTCAACGTTTGCTTCATGACCCCA
TATGTTCTGTCGATCTTTCTTTTTGGACTGGGACTAGGAACCACAATTACATTCGCCAGCACTCATTGAC
TAACAGCATGAATAGGACTTGAGATTAATACCTTGTCGATCCTCCCCCTTATAGCACGACAACACCACCC
CCGCGCGGTAGAAGCAACAGCCAAATACTTCCTTGCCCAAGCAACTGCAGCGACAGCACTACTTTTCGCC
AGCACAACCAATGCCTGATTCTCAGGAGTATGGGAAATTAACCAACTCTCCCACCCCATCCCCATCACTA
TGATGACGATTGCCATTGCTCTTAAAGTAGGCCTTACCCCACTCCACACTTGACTTCCAGAAGTCCTTCA
AGGGGTGGATCTAACCACGGGCCTAGTTCTCTCCACCTGACAGAAATTAGCTCCCATTGTCCTCCTCATG
CAAGTCCAACCCCACAATGGAACCACTTTTATTCTTCTAGGTATCGCCTCTACCCTAGTGGGCGGCTGAG
GCGGCTTAAACCAAACACAACTCCGAAAAATCTTAGCCTACTCATCCATTGCCCACCTAGGCTGACTCAC
CATTGTTCTCCAATTTTCCCCAGCACTCAGTTTTCTCACACTAATAACCTACTTTATTATGACCTTCTCT
ACATTCCTGACATTTAAACTAAACAATGCCACAAGCCTGAATGCTCTAGCCACATCTTGGTCTAAAGCCC
CAGTACTCACTGCCCTCACCCCCCTAGTTTTACTATCACTAGGAGGCCTCCCTCCCTTAACAGGCTTCAT
GCCGAAATGACTTATCATTCAAGAACTGACCAAACAAGAACTCCCACTTCTAGCAGCGCTCACTGCTATA
ACAGCCTTACTAAGTCTCTACTTCTACCTCCGCCTCTCATACGCCATAGCTCTTACCATCTCACCTAACA
ATCTTGCAGGCACTACTCCCTGACGCCTACCCTCCTTACAGTCTACCCTTCCCCTTGCCCTTTCTACAAT
GGGAGCCCTTCTGCTACTCCCCCTAACCCCAACCATCAGCTCCCTCCTCTCATTATAGGGCCTTAGGATA
GCACAAGACCAAGGGCCTTCAAAGCCCTAAGCGGGAGTGAAAGCCTCTCAGACCCTGGACTAAAACTTGC
AGGACTCCCACCTACATCTTCTGCTTGCAAAGCAGACACTTTAGTTAAGCTAAAGCTTTATCCTAAGCGG
GAAGGCCTCGATCCTACAAACTCTCAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCTCAAACCAGCGAGCATCCGCCTACCTTT
CCCCCGCCCGGTTACACCGGGCAGGCGGGCGGGGGAAAGCCCCGGCGGGCTTTTAGCCTGCTTCTTTGGA
TTTGCAATCCAATATGTAAATACACCTCGGAGCTTGATAGGAAGAGGAATTGAACCTCTGTCTATGGAGC
TACAATCCACCACTTAAAACTCAGCCATCCTACCTGTGGCAATCACACGCTGATTCTTCTCAACAAATCA
TAAAGACATCGGTACCCTTTACCTTGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCCGGAATAGTAGGCACTGCCTTAAGCCTC
CTCATCCGAGCTGAACTAAGTCAACCCGGGGCCCTTCTCGGAGACGACCAGATTTATAATGTTATCGTTA
CAGCTCATGCATTTGTAATGATCTTTTTTATAGTCATGCCTATCATGATTGGAGGCTTCGGGAACTGACT
CATCCCACTCATGATTGGAGCACCTGACATAGCCTTCCCTCGAATGAACAATATGAGCTTCTGACTCCTT
CCTCCTTCCTTCCTCCTATTGCTCGCCTCCTCTGGCGTAGAAGCAGGAGCAGGTACCGGATGGACCGTTT
ACCCCCCTCTAGCAGGGAATCTTGCACACGCAGGGGCATCCGTTGACCTAACAATTTTCTCTCTTCACCT
AGCAGGGATTTCATCTATTCTAGGCGCAATCAACTTTATCACAACCATCATTAACATGAAACCGCCTGCC
ATCTCCCAATACCAAACGCCCCTATTCGTATGAGCTGTTTTAATTACTGCCGTGCTTCTTCTCCTCTCGC
TCCCTGTCCTTGCTGCAGGAATCACAATGCTTCTCACAGATCGAAATCTAAATACTACCTTCTTTGACCC
TGCAGGCGGAGGAGACCCGATTCTCTATCAACACCTCTTCTGGTTCTTCGGTCATCCAGAGGTTTACATT
CTCATTCTTCCCGGCTTTGGAATGATTTCCCACATTGTTGCCTACTACTCAGGTAAAAAAGAACCCTTCG
GGTGCATGGGCATGGTCTGAGCCATGATGGCCATTGGTCTGCTTGGCTTCATTGTGTGAGCCCACCACAT
GTTCACCGTCGGAATGGATGTTGATACCCGAGCTTACTTCACATCTGCCACAATGATTATCGCCATCCCA
ACTGGGGTTAAAGTCTTCAGCTGACTAGCCACCCTTCACGGAGGCTCAATTAAATGAGAAACCCCCCTTC
TCTGAGCCCTGGGCTTCATTTTCCTATTTACAGTTGGAGGCCTAACAGGAATTGTCCTAGCCAACTCATC
GCTAGACATTGTTCTTCACGACACATACTACGTAGTAGCCCACTTCCACTACGTACTATCCATGGGAGCT
GTCTTTGCCATCGTTGCAGCCTTCGTTCACTGATTCCCCCTCTTTACAGGCTACACCCTACACCCAACCT
GAACAAAAATCCACTTCGGAGTAATGTTCGTTGGCGTAAACCTGACCTTCTTCCCCCAACACTTCCTAGG
ACTAGCAGGCATGCCTCGACGGTACTCAGACTACCCCGACGCCTACACGCTATGAAACACCGTCTCCTCA
ATCGGCTCCCTAATTTCACTAGTTGCAGTAATCATGTTTTTATTCATCATTTGAGAAGCATTTACTGCAA
AACGAGAAGTCCTATCAGTAGAACTAACATCTACAAATATTGAATGACTGCACGGCTGCCCTCCCCCATA
CCACACATTTGAAGAGCCTGCATTTGTTCAAGTTCAAACGGACTAACGAGAAAGGAAGGAATCGAACCCC
CGTAAACTGGTTTCAAGCCAATCACATAGCCACTCTGCCACTTTCTTAATTGAGACACTAGTAAAGCAAG
CTATTACACAGCATTGTCAAGGCTGAGTCGCGAGTTAAACCCTCGCGTGTCCCGCCCCAATGGCACATCC
CTCACAACTAGGCTTTCAAGATGCAGCTTCCCCTGTTATAGAAGAACTCCTTCATTTTCACGACCACGCC
TTAATGATCGTATTTTTAATCAGCACATTTGTTCTTTACATTATTGTAGCAATGGTCTCTACCAAACTAA
CTAACAGCTACATCTTAGACTCCCAAGAAATCGAAATCATCTGAACTGTTCTCCCCGCAGTCATCCTCAT
TCTAATTGCCCTCCCATCCCTACGAATCCTCTACCTCATGGACGAAATTAATGACCCCCACCTGACAATC
AAAGCTATGGGACACCAATGGTACTGAAGCTATGAATATACTGACTACGAGGAGCTAGGGTTCGACTCCT
ACATGATCCCAACCCAAGACCTTGCCCCAGGACAATTCCGGCTCCTAGAAGCCGACCACCGAATGGTTGT
CCCAGTTGAATCCCCAGTTCGTGTTCTAGTATCTGCCGAAGACGTCCTTCACTCCTGAGCAGTACCTGCC
CTTGGTGTAAAAATAGACGCAGTCCCCGGACGCCTAAATCAAACAGCATTCATTGCATCTCGCCCAGGAG
TTTTCTACGGCCAATGTTCTGAAATCTGTGGTGCTAACCACAGCTTTATACCTATTGTAGTCGAAGCCGT
TCCCCTGCAACACTTCGAAAATTGATCCTCCCTGATACTCCAAGACTCTTCACTAAGAAGCTAAACTGGG
CTCAGCGTTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAAGAATGGTGGCTCCCAATCACCCTTAGTGACATGCCTCAACTAAAC
CCCGGTCCCTGATTCCTCATTATGATGTTTACATGACTAATCTTCTTGACCATTCTTCCTAAAAAGGTCT
TATCACACAAATTCCCAAACGACCCTGCATCCGAAGACAAAAGCATGCCCGCAACCCCTTCCTGATCCTG
ACGATGGCACTAAGCTTCTTTGACCAATTCATATCCCCTTCTTTCCTTGGTATTCCCCTAATAGCTATCG
CGCTCGTTCTCCCTTGAACTTTCTACCCTGAAGCCTCACCTCAATGAGTAACTAATCGGTACATAACCCT
TCAAGGCTGATTCATCAACCGATTCACACAACAATTACTCCTACCCCTCAACGTAGGAGGCCATAAATGA
GCGATACTTCTTACTTCTCTTATACTTTTCATCTTTTCCCTTAATATGATGGGACTACTACCCTACACCT
TTACCCCCACAACCCAGCTATCTTTAAACATAGCCCTAGCAGTACCACTATGACTGGCAACAGTACTGAT
CGGAATGCGTAATCAACCTACAGTTGCCTTAGGACACCTTCTACCAGAAGGCACTCCCGGCCCCTTAATC
CCAGTCCTAATTGTTATCGAAACCCTAAGCCTATTCATCCGACCACTCGCCCTCGGCGTTCGACTAACCG
CAAATCTTACAGCCGGCCACCTCCTTATTCAACTAATCGCAACAGCCGTTTTCGTCCTAGCCCCACTGAT
ACCAACCGTGGCCATCCTAACAGCAATTGTTCTTGTGCTTCTTACAATCCTAGAAGTTGCTGTTGCCATG
ATTCAAGCCTACGTGTTTGTCCTCCTGCTAAGCCTTTACTTACAAGAAAACGTCTAATGGCACATCAGGC
ACACGCATATCACATAGTGGACCCAAGCCCTTGGACCCTAACAGGGGCAGTAGCCGCCCTACTAATAACT
TCCGGTTTAGCAATCTGATTTCATTTCCACTCTACGACCCTAATAATTATAGGCACAGTACTGCTCCTCC
TAACAATATATCAGTGATGACGAGACATTGTTCGGGAAGGAACATTCCAAGGACACCACACCCCGCCCGT
CCAAAAAGGACTTCGCTACGGCATAATCCTTTTCATTACCTCAGAAGTTTTCTTCTTCCTAGGCTTTTTC
TGAGCCTTCTACCACTCAAGCCTGGCACCTACTCCAGAACTAGGAGGCTGCTGACCACCGACAGGATTGG
TCACTCTTGACCCATTTGAAGTCCCTCTACTTAACACCGCTGTCCTTCTAGCATCGGGCGTTACCGTCAC
CTGAGCCCACCACAGCATCATGGAAGGGGAACGAAAACAAGCAATCCAATCCCTAACACTAACCATCTTA
CTAGGGTTCTACTTCACCTTTCTTCAAGGCATAGAATATTACGAAGCCCCATTTACAATTGCCGACGGAG
TCTACGGCTCAACTTTCTTCGTTGCCACAGGATTCCACGGCCTTCACGTAATTATTGGCTCTACTTTCCT
GGCTGTCTGCCTCCTCCGTCAAGTTCACTACCATTTCACCTCCGAACACCACTTCGGCTTCGAAGCAGCT
GCCTGATACTGACATTTTGTAGATGTCGTTTGACTCTTCCTTTATATCTCCATCTACTGATGAGGTTCAT
AATCTTTCTAGTACAAAGTTAGTATTAGTGACTTCCAATCACCGGGTCTTGGTTAAACTCCAAGGGAAGA
TACATGATTAACATTATCACAACCTACATTTTCGTCACCATTCTACTCTCATGTATTGTAGCAGTAATCT
CGTTCTGGCTCCCTCAAATTACGCCTGACTACGAAAAACTATCCCCCTATGAATGTGGATTTGACCCGCT
CGGCTCAGCCCGCTTACCCTTTTCCCTGCGCTTCTTCCTCGTGGCAATTCTATTCCTGCTATTTGATCTT
GAAATTGCTCTCCTGCTTCCTCTTCCATGGGGGAACCAACTGTCCTCTCCCTTAACAACCTTTATCTGAG
CTACAGCCATCCTAGTTTTACTCACCTTGGGCCTAATTTACGAATGAGTCCAAGGAGGTCTTGAATGGGC
CGAATAGACAGTTAGTATAAGCAAAACATTTGATTTCGGCTCAAAAAATTGTGGTTCAACCCCACAACTG
GCTTATGATACCCATTCACTTTGCTTTCACAACAGCTTTTGCTCTTGGACTTACAGGCTTAGCATTTCAG
CGAACACATCTTCTTTCAGCCCTTCTATGTCTTGAAGGGATAATACTCTCACTGTACATTGCTCTTTCTT
TATGAACCCTCCAACTAGACTCCTCAGGCTTCTCACCCGCACCCATAGTCCTCCTAGCCTTTTCAGCCTG
CGAAGCAAGCGCAGGCCTCGCACTTCTCGTCGCCACCTCACGGACCCACGGATCCGACCGCCTAAAAAAC
CTAAACCTTTTACAATGCTAAAGATCCTCATCCCAACCCTAGCACTCATCCCACTCGCATGGACATGCCC
CAAAAAATGGCTATGACACACCACCACCACCAACAGCCTATTAATCGCCACGTTAAGCCTCCCTTGACTG
AAAACCTCTTTAGATGCTGGATGAACACATCTCAACCCACTCATGGGCACAGACCCCTTATCAGGGCCCC
TTCTTGTCCTCTCCTGCTGACTCCTTCCACTAATAATCCTTGCCAGCCAAAACCACCTGGCCTTGGAACC
AATTTCCCGTCAACGCACCTACATCTCACTTATAATCACCCTTCAAGCCTTCCTAATTCTTGCTTTCGGT
GCAACTGAACGAATCATATTCTACGTGATATTTGAAGCAACCCTCATCCCCACCCTATTTTTGATCACCC
GCTGAGGTAACCAAGCAGAACGTTTAAATGCCGGAACCTACTTCTTATTTTATACCCTAGCAGGGTCCCT
CCCCCTACTAGTAGCACTTCTTGTGATGCACAACACAACTGGCTCACTATCAACCCTAACGCTTCAGTTT
ACCCCCACTTTCACCTCCACATCATATGCCAACAAAGCCTGCTGAGTTGCCTGTCTGATAGCATTCCTTG
TAAAAATACCCCTTTACGGAGTCCACCTCTGACTACCCAAAGCCCACGTAGAAGCACCCGTAGCTGGCTC
CATAGTCCTTGCAGCTGTCCTCCTCAAACTTGGAGGCTATGGCATTATACGAGTCCTCACAATCCTAGAA
CCCCTAACTAAAGAAATGTCATACCCATTTATCATCCTTGCCCTATGAGGCATTATCATGACAGGGTCAA
TCTGTTTACGACAAACAGACCTCAAAGCCCTCATTGCATACTCCTCTGTTAGTCACATAGGCCTTGTCGT
GGCAGGAATCCTCTCCCAAACCCCTTGAGGGCTCACAGGAGCCCTCATCCTAATAATTGCCCACGGACTT
ACCTCTTCCGCACTATTTTGTCTAGCAAACACTAATTACGAACGAACACATAGCCGCACAATAGTTCTTG
CCCGAGGACTACAAATAGCACTCCCCCTGATAGCAACCTCGTGATTCATTGCCAGCCTGGCAAACCTAGC
TCTTCCCCCCCTCCCTAATCTAATAGCCGAATTAATAGTTATCTCCACAATATTTGACTGATCACCCTGA
ACCCTTATCTTGACAGGAGCAGGCACTCTAATCACGGCTGGCTACTCCCTCTACATATTCTTAATGTCCC
AACGGGGCCAACTCCCTTCCCATATAACTGCTCTCCCTCCATCCTACTCTCGGGAACATCTTCTCATCGC
CCTCCACCTTATCCCCCTCTTACTTCTCATCCTTAAGCCCGAACTGACCTGAGGTTGAACATAACCGTCA
ACGTAGTTTAACCAAGACGCTAGGTTGTGATTCTAGAAATGGTGGTGAAACCCCTCTCGCTGACCGGAGA
GAGGTCTGCCCGACAGAAAGTGGTTGCTACCCGCTCCTCCCCAGGTTGAATTCCTAGGCTCCCCTCGGGC
CCAGGGCTACTGAAGGATAACAGTCATCCATTGGTCTTAGGTACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGC
ATTAGCTATGCATTTCAGCGCATTAATCCTGGCCTCCAGCCTAACCCTCGTACTAGCACTCTTAACTATT
CCAGTCTTCACCACTCTTAGCCCAAAACCAAAAGCCCCAGAATGAACAACCTCTCAAGTCAAAACTACAG
TAAAAACAGCATTTTTTGTTAGCCTGCTTCCCCTCTTTATCTTCCTTAATGAAGGCACAGAAATAATCAT
GACAAACTGGAACTGAATAAACATCTCCACCTTTGACATCAACCTCTCTTTTAAATTTGACTGCTACTCA
ATCATTTTTGTACCTGTCGCCCTATACGTCACCTGGTCTATTTTAGAATTTGCAGGCTGATACATGCACT
CAGACCCATATATGAACCGATTCTTCAAGTACTTACTAATCTTTCTTATCGCCATAATAGTCCTCGTAAC
AGCAAACAATATATTCCAACTGTTTATCGGATGAGAAGGGGTCGGCATTATATCTTTCCTTCTAATCGGA
TGATGATACGGCCGATCAGATGCAAACACAGCTGCCCTCCAAGCAGTTCTTTACAACCGAGTAGGTGATA
TTGGTCTAGTCCTAGCTATAGCCTGAATGGCAATAAACCTAAATTCATGAGAGCTCCATCATCTCTCTAC
TCACTCAGAAGACTACAACCTTACCCTCCCCCTTCTGGGCCTAGTCCTAGCCGCCACGGGCAAATCCGCA
CAATTTGGCCTTCACCCCTGACTCCCCTCAGCCATAGAAGGCCCCACCCCCGTCTCTGCCCTACTTCACT
CAAGCACCATGGTTGTTGCAGGAATTTTCCTACTTGTACGAACAAACCCACTAATAGAGTACAATCAACC
AGCCCTTACAACATGCTTATGCTTAGGAGCCCTAACAACTGTATTCACCGCCACCTGCGCCCTTACCCAA
AACGACATTCAAAAAATTGTTGCGTTCTCTACATCTAGCCAACTTGGCCTCATGATAGTAACCATCGGCC
TTAATCAACCACAACTTGCATTCCTCCACATCTGCACACATGCCTTTTTTAAGGCAATGCTATTCCTGTG
TTCAGGTGCAATTATCCACAGCCTTAACGACGAACAGGACATCCGAAAAATGGGGGGAATACACCACCTG
ACCCCATTCACCTCCTCATGTCTTACCCTTGGCAGCCTTGCTCTCACAGGCACCCCCTTCCTTGCTGGCT
TCTTCTCCAAAGATGCCATTATCGAATCACTTAACACCTCCTGCGTAAACGCCTGAGCCCTTACCCTGAC
CCTCATCGCAACCTCTTTTACAGCAATCTATAGCCTCCGAGTTGTATTCTTTGTATCGATAGGCCACCCA
CGATTCAACGCTCTCTCCCCAATTAATGAAAACAACACCGCAGTCATTAACCCTATTAAACGGCTTGCCT
GAGGAAGCATTATTGCTGGCCTCCTCATCACCTCAAACATTGTCCCAACAAAAGTCCCAGTCATGACCAT
ACCACCCCTCCTTAAACTTGCCGCCCTAATGGTTACCATTGCAGGCCTACTTATCGCCCTAGAACTTGCA
TCTCTAACAACCAAACAATTTAACCCAACACCAAAGCTGCCCACCCACCATTTCTCTAACATGCTAGGAT
TCTTCCCATCGGTTATTCACCGCCTAGCTCCTAAAATCAACCTCACCCTTGGCCAACTAATTGCTAGCCA
AATAATTGACCAAACTTGGTTAGAGAAATCAGGGCCTAAAGCCATATCTACAATTAACCTCCCCCTAATT
ACATCCACAAGTAATGCACAACGAGGTATGATCAAGACCTACCTCATCATATTTGTACTCACGCTAGCAC
TAGCCATTCTCGTAACCTCATTCTAAACCGCACGAATTGTACCCCGAGCTAATCCCCGGACTAATTCTAA
CACAACAAATAAAGTTAGGAGTAACACTCACACACTCAAAATCAACACCCCCCCCCCCCCCTCATACATT
AAAGCTACCCCCTCCACATCCCCCGTAAAAGACGAAAGCCAGTCAACCACCCCATCCAACGCTAGACCCC
CCCCTTCTCAATAGTACAAGTAAGTCAAAGTCGCCCCCACTACCGCAAACGTGTACAAGTATATTGCAAC
CCCCGGCCCTGCACGAAGCCAAGCTTCAGGATAAATCTCTGCAGCGAGAGCTGAACTGTAAGCGAAAACA
ACAAGCATTCCCCCAAGATAAATCAAAAACAATACTAAAGCCAAGAAAGAGCCCCCATAACTAGTTAAAA
GTCCACACCCAGCCCATGCCACTACTACAAGAGCTAAAGCTGCATAATAAGGCGACGGATTAGAAGCAAC
CCCAATCAACCCCAACACCATCCCAACCGTAAACAGAATAACTAAAAAAGACATAATTTCCTCCAGGATT
TTAACCAGGACCAATGACTTGAAAAACCACCGTTGTTATTCAACTAAAGAAACTATTAATGGCAAGCCTC
CGAAAAACTCACCCCCTACTAAAAATTGCAAACGATGCCCTAGTTGACCTCCCTGCGCCTTCAAACATCT
CTGTCTGATGGAATTTTGGTTCTCTCCTAGGGCTCTGTTTGGCCTCCCAAATCCTCACAGGACTTTTCCT
AGCTATACACTACACTTCTGACATCGCCACAGCCTTTTCGTCCGTAGCACATATCTGCCGAGACGTAAAT
TACGGATGACTTATCCGAAACATGCACGCCAATGGCGCTTCCTTCTTCTTCATCTGCATTTACCTTCATA
TCGGCCGAGGGCTTTACTACGGGTCATACCTGTACAAAGAAACATGAAACACAGGAGTAATTCTCCTCCT
GCTAGTAATGATAACAGCATTCGTGGGATATGTCCTCCCCTGAGGACAAATATCCTTCTGAGGTGCAACC
GTCATCACAAACCTCCTCTCAGCCGTCCCCTACGTAGGTAACACCCTAGTTCAATGAATCTGAGGAGGCT
TCTCCGTCGACAACGCCACACTTACCCGATTCTTTGCTTTCCACTTTCTTTTCCCCTTTGTTATTGCAGC
TGCCGTAGTGCTCCATCTACTATTCCTCCATGAAGCCGGGTCAAACAACCCACTAGGACTTAACTCAGAC
GCAGATAAAATTTCATTCCACCCCTACTTCTCTTACAAAGACCTCCTAGGATTTGCAGCCCTTCTCATCG
CTCTCACATCTCTTGCCCTCTTCGCCCCCAACATTCTAGGAGATCCAGACAATTTTACACCTGCAAACCC
ACTTGTAACACCCCCACACATCAAACCCGAATGATACTTCTTATTCGCATATGCAATTCTACGATCTATC
CCAAATAAACTGGGAGGAGTACTCGCACCTCTTTCATCCATTTTAGTCTTAATAGTCGTACCAATCTTAC
ATACATCTAAACAACGGAGCATCACATTTCGACCAGTTACACAGTTCCTATTCTGAGCTCTTGTAGCAGA
CGTCGTAATTCTTACATGAATCGGGGGGATACCTGTTGAACACCCCTTCATTATTATCGGACAAATCGCC
TCCTTCTTATACTTCTTCATATTCTTAATCCTCGCCCCCTTGGCCGGATGACTAGAAAACAAGGCGTTAG
ACTGGTCTTGCACTAGTAGCTTAATATAAAGCACCGGTCTTGTAGACCGGAAAATGGAGGTTTAACTCCT
CCCTGTTGCTCAGAGAAGAAGGATTTTAACCTCCACCTCTAGCTCCCAAAGCTAGAATCCTAAAATTAAA
CGATTCTCTGACAGTGCATATACACTGTATTATTACCATACCATATTTGAACCAGAATATGCATAACTTT
CAAGAGCATTTATGTAAATCCACCATCACATTAACCTAACCATTCATACGTCAACACCAAACTAAGGTAT
GTACAAACTTAAACTTGGGCGAGCGTTATCATTTAAGAACAACTGGGAGATTTAAGATCTAGCCCCTTAG
TCCAAATCACTATATATACCAAGTACCCACATCCTATTCAATCGTTGTTTCCATGCGCAGTAAGAGCCCA
CCAACAAGCACATATCTTAATGTATTCGTTCCTTGATGATCAGGGATAACTTATTGTGGGGGTCGCTACC
CCCGCATTATTACTGGCATTTGGTTCCTATTTCAGGAACACCCCCTACTTTACTCCCCATTCTTTTATCG
AGCATTGCATAAGTTAATGCGGTAAATACTTACTCCTCGTTACCCAACATGCCGAGCGTTCTCTCCACAG
GGTCAAGGGGTTTTTCTTTTTGGTTTCCTTTCACTTTGCATTTCAGAGTGCACACTAAAATGGCCAACAA
GGTTGAACATTTTTCTTGCAGCAGGGAAAAAATTGAATGATGTAAAGATAATACATGAGAATTGCATTAT
TGGATGTCAAGAGCATAATGCTTACTTCCCACTTAGGAGATTAAGTGCCCCGGGGTGTTCCCTCTTAAAA
AACTTTTTCCCCCCCCTCCCCCCACCCTAGACTCCCCATAAAACCACTACTCCTTCTTTTAAACAACATC
TCCCTAAATAAGCCCCAAGTTTCTCCCTCCAGCCTTCCGTCATATCATATTAATTACTATAACGATCACA
AAATCAAAAAATTTTCCCCAAATTATTATAATGTAAATATTTTATTAACGCAACTGCCAGCAAATTTTAA
TTGGATTTCCCCAACA
Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

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How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.