Viewing data for Dryocopus pileatus


Scientific name Dryocopus pileatus
Common name Pileated woodpecker
Maximum lifespan 13.00 years (Dryocopus pileatus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16832 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 8332 8500 5845 2487 3880 4620
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 495 505 347 148 231 274
Base content (%) 49.5% 50.5%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11363 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5756 5607 4226 1530 2619 2988
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 507 493 372 135 230 263
Base content (%) 50.7% 49.3%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1543 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 695 848 414 281 365 483
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 450 550 268 182 237 313
Base content (%) 45.0% 55.0%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2576 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1296 1280 794 502 474 806
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 503 497 308 195 184 313
Base content (%) 50.3% 49.7%
12S rRNA gene (size: 973 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 499 474 304 195 186 288
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 513 487 312 200 191 296
Base content (%) 51.3% 48.7%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1603 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 797 806 490 307 288 518
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 497 503 306 192 180 323
Base content (%) 49.7% 50.3%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 358 326 272 86 160 166
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 523 477 398 126 234 243
Base content (%) 52.3% 47.7%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 80 88 67 13 36 52
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 476 524 399 77 214 310
Base content (%) 47.6% 52.4%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 795 756 534 261 363 393
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 513 487 344 168 234 253
Base content (%) 51.3% 48.7%
COX2 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 338 346 215 123 174 172
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 494 506 314 180 254 251
Base content (%) 49.4% 50.6%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 399 385 272 127 191 194
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 509 491 347 162 244 247
Base content (%) 50.9% 49.1%
CYTB (size: 1143 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 585 558 424 161 291 267
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 512 488 371 141 255 234
Base content (%) 51.2% 48.8%
ND1 (size: 972 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 503 469 366 137 242 227
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 517 483 377 141 249 234
Base content (%) 51.7% 48.3%
ND2 (size: 1041 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 506 535 406 100 226 309
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 486 514 390 96 217 297
Base content (%) 48.6% 51.4%
ND3 (size: 352 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 175 177 132 43 89 88
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 497 503 375 122 253 250
Base content (%) 49.7% 50.3%
ND4 (size: 1368 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 699 669 545 154 311 358
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 511 489 398 113 227 262
Base content (%) 51.1% 48.9%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 149 148 105 44 69 79
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 502 498 354 148 232 266
Base content (%) 50.2% 49.8%
ND5 (size: 1815 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 919 896 692 227 406 490
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 506 494 381 125 224 270
Base content (%) 50.6% 49.4%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 253 269 197 56 67 202
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 485 515 377 107 128 387
Base content (%) 48.5% 51.5%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (9.69%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.88%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (26.43%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.88%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 15 6 6 24 17 9 3 7 1 0 5 2 1 1 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 1 0 12 2 2 2 5 1 1 0 9 5 2 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 9 0 3 7 3 0 0 6 0 3 0 1 1 7 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 4 0 1 1 2 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
39 88 67 34
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 67 32 103
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 117 67 23
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPNPWFFIMLLSWLTFSLMIQPKLLSFPHTNPPTSKSTTAAKTTPWAWPWT*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (14.55%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 0 (0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 7 (12.73%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 9 (16.36%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 0 (0%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 2 2 1 2 3 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 3 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 1 2 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
3 19 20 14
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 24 10 16
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
4 24 22 6
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (5.04%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 39 (7.56%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 33 (6.4%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (12.02%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 42 (8.14%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 25 (4.84%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 30 (5.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 41 (7.95%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.94%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 35 17 4 29 18 7 4 9 0 3 15 14 1 10 31
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
8 0 1 9 26 10 2 3 23 18 3 6 10 11 3 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
21 12 3 2 11 10 0 0 3 1 18 0 0 1 16 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
15 8 2 2 13 7 2 0 4 4 0 0 1 0 0 17
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
152 124 136 105
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
77 139 98 203
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
32 271 159 55
COX2 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 20 (8.81%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 14 (6.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (13.66%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 12 5 8 9 7 5 0 3 4 3 6 4 1 2 9
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 2 1 9 5 1 1 4 2 1 0 5 3 5 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 5 0 3 7 6 2 0 2 4 3 0 2 1 4 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 8 7 5 8 4 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
66 62 53 47
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
23 60 60 85
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
34 93 59 42
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (7.31%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (6.92%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 21 (8.08%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 34 (13.08%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 18 (6.92%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 10 9 4 11 10 6 2 6 1 0 9 3 1 5 17
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 5 11 7 0 1 10 7 1 1 8 2 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
10 8 0 3 5 5 1 0 4 3 7 0 1 0 4 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
16 4 4 0 5 2 2 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
68 72 59 62
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 69 56 95
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
18 131 79 33
CYTB (size: 1143 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 24 (6.32%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 27 (7.11%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (6.84%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 26 (6.84%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.05%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (5.26%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 66 (17.37%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 29 (7.63%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 25 (6.58%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 31 (8.16%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.16%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 19 (5.0%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 20 7 13 25 17 9 2 7 1 4 9 5 2 5 26
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 3 2 18 7 0 1 12 7 4 3 18 3 1 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
15 6 1 1 13 8 1 0 3 1 11 1 0 3 16 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 5 2 2 5 7 2 1 2 5 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
85 117 95 84
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
50 101 75 155
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
26 206 97 52
ND1 (size: 972 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 13 (4.02%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 32 (9.91%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 31 (9.6%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 19 (5.88%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.62%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (3.41%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (20.74%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 25 (7.74%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (3.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (7.43%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (5.26%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (4.33%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 9 (2.79%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.24%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.41%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 12 (3.72%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 5 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (0.62%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.17%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.48%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 19 9 9 26 21 5 4 5 0 1 2 6 2 5 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 2 1 23 7 1 1 7 2 3 1 16 5 2 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
13 4 1 3 15 7 0 1 5 4 10 2 2 5 7 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 6 5 0 4 5 2 1 3 4 0 0 1 0 0 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
71 100 80 73
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
39 100 55 130
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
27 166 92 39
ND2 (size: 1041 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (3.18%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 27 (7.8%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (9.25%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 50 (14.45%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (19.36%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 35 (10.12%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (4.05%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (6.07%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (3.76%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (4.34%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.6%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 13 (3.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 29 10 7 29 24 3 2 7 2 0 4 1 0 2 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 2 16 7 2 1 6 4 0 2 14 5 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
30 20 0 1 10 13 3 1 4 4 3 2 2 2 13 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 5 0 0 1 11 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
49 103 132 63
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
30 125 58 134
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 178 119 29
ND3 (size: 1041 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (3.18%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 27 (7.8%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 32 (9.25%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 50 (14.45%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (19.36%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 35 (10.12%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (4.05%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (6.07%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (3.76%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (4.34%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.6%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 13 (3.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 29 10 7 29 24 3 2 7 2 0 4 1 0 2 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 1 2 16 7 2 1 6 4 0 2 14 5 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
30 20 0 1 10 13 3 1 4 4 3 2 2 2 13 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 5 0 0 1 11 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
49 103 132 63
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
30 125 58 134
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
21 178 119 29
ND4 (size: 1368 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 15 (3.3%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 33 (7.25%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 40 (8.79%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 52 (11.43%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 10 (2.2%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 101 (22.2%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 35 (7.69%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 22 (4.84%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 31 (6.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (3.3%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.08%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (2.64%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (2.2%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 12 (2.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 15 (3.3%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.2%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 12 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
5 30 20 5 45 34 10 6 11 1 1 6 3 0 3 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 2 1 4 18 10 1 2 9 3 1 1 21 8 1 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
31 10 4 4 18 6 1 2 9 3 11 3 1 1 9 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 8 2 0 3 8 2 3 2 6 1 0 0 1 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
71 164 140 81
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
53 145 75 183
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
30 236 143 47
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 11 (11.22%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (12.24%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 20 (20.41%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 3 5 3 3 9 4 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 2 2 2 7 1 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 2 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 4 0 0 2 7 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 3 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
22 32 23 22
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
14 31 18 36
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
8 42 38 11
ND5 (size: 1815 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 32 (5.3%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 51 (8.44%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 49 (8.11%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 64 (10.6%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (0.83%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (2.65%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 108 (17.88%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 56 (9.27%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (3.81%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 37 (6.13%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 30 (4.97%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (1.82%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (1.99%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 8 (1.32%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 13 (2.15%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 28 (4.64%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 17 (2.81%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 14 (2.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.66%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 44 19 8 51 35 7 5 14 3 4 5 5 2 6 24
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 5 9 33 7 2 5 19 7 1 4 24 5 4 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
35 21 3 7 16 11 3 0 12 1 10 1 2 4 24 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
12 10 3 3 5 20 0 1 5 4 0 1 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
120 179 204 102
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
72 189 111 233
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
35 324 175 71
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 29 (16.76%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 13 (7.51%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 11 (6.36%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 33 (19.08%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 27 (15.61%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (6.94%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 0 1 1 1 1 3 7 0 0 13 1 5 14 10 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 3 0 2 1 4 6 6 1 5 17 2 1 0 1 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 0 0 5 1 1 1 3 0 6 1 4 14 2 0 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 1 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
82 14 20 58
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
45 30 18 81
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
70 12 29 63
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11380 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 216 (5.7%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 307 (8.1%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 297 (7.83%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 336 (8.86%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 30 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 167 (4.4%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 678 (17.88%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 296 (7.81%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 150 (3.96%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 231 (6.09%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 215 (5.67%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 108 (2.85%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 109 (2.87%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 66 (1.74%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 95 (2.51%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 129 (3.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 89 (2.35%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 106 (2.8%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 84 (2.22%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 72 (1.9%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
68 228 112 71 273 202 70 36 76 13 29 63 51 24 52 163
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
38 11 19 40 180 69 18 23 101 58 34 21 135 55 20 35
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
184 103 14 34 110 80 13 8 52 28 80 13 26 20 109 19
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
87 67 28 16 50 70 14 8 27 33 4 1 2 8 1 96
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
851 1114 1058 770
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
490 1111 686 1506
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
332 1861 1117 483 

>NC_008546.1 Dryocopus pileatus mitochondrion, complete genome
GTCCCTGTAGCTTACCCTCAAAGCATGACACTGAAGATGTCAAGACGGCCGCTAATGCTTCCCTGGGACA
AAAGACTTAGTCCTAACCTTACTATTAATTTTTGCCAGACCTATACATGCAAGTATCCGCGCCCCAGTGT
AAATGCCCCTAGTTTCTTACCAAGACAAGAGGAGCAGGCATCAGGCACACCCGCTGTAGCCTAAGACGCC
TTGCTTAGCCACACCCCCACGGGTACTCAGCAGTAATTAACATTAAGCAATAAGTGCAAACTTGACTTAG
TCATGGTAACATTTAGGGTTGGTAAATCTTGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTCATACAAGAAACCCAAATTAATC
GTCCACGGCGTAAAGAGTGGTCTAACACTATCGTTCCTCGCCTGAGGTCAAAACATGCCTGAGCCGTCAT
AAGCCCAAGACATTCCTAAGCCCCCACGCAGCTCCGCCTCAGCCCCAACGACCTACTACCCCCACGAAAG
CCAGGGGACAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCTGGCCGTAAATTTAAGTGCTTTTCCCCCCAACC
CAAGCATTCGCCAGGGAACTACGAGCATAAACGCTTAAAACCCTAAGGACTTGGCGGTGTCCCAAACCCA
CCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTATAATCGATAACCCACGCTACACCCAACCCCCCCTTGCCCCAAGCAGCCTAT
ATACCGCCGTCGCCAGCTCACCTCCCCTGAGAGCTCAGCAGTGAGCACAACAGCCCCACCCGCTAGAAAG
ACAGGTCAAGGTACAGCCTATGGGGGGGAAAGAAATGGGCTACATTTTCTGACTCAGACAACCAACGAAA
GAGGACTTGAAAACAGCCCTCGGAAGGCGGATTTAGCAGTAAAACACAACCATCATGCCTGTCTTAAACC
GGCCCTGGGACACGTACATACCGCCCGTCACCCTCATCGCAAGCACACCTCTTCCCCCAATTAGAACTCC
AATCAGCTAAAGACGAGGCAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTAGCATACCAAGATG
TAGCTAACATAAAGCACTCAGCTTACACCTGAAAGACACCTGCCCACAACCCAGGTCATCTTGAAGCCAA
CCTCTAGCCCAACCAACAATACAAAATCTCTCTTCCCCCCCCAACTTAAACCATTCTGCACACTTAGTAT
AGGCGATAGAAAAGAACCAAAATCAAGCAGGCGCTATAGAGACATGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGATGAAATAA
TAGTGAAAACCCAAGCACAAAACAGCAAAGATCAACCCTTATACCTCTTGCATCATGGTCCAGCAAGAAC
AACCAAGCAAAGCGAACTTAAGCTTGCCCTCCCGAAACCCAAGCGAGCTACTCGCGAGCAGCTACATACT
GAGCGAACCCGTCTCTGTCGCAAAAGAGTGGGATGACTTGCTAGTAGAGGTGAAAAGCCAATCGAGCTGG
GTGATAGCTGGTTGCCTGTGAAATGAATCTAAGTTCTACTCTGATAGCTCCCACTTCTTTGACGACCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCAACAAACTGTGCAGCCACTCAGAAGCAATTTAAAGGGGGTACAGCCCCTTTAAAAAAG
AACACAACCTCCCTCAGCGGATAACCCCCAACACAGCCCTAACTGTCGGCCTTCGAGCAGCCACCAACAA
AGAGTGCGTCACAGCTCATGTATTAAAAATATGGCAACAATGCGAATCCCTACCCCGTAACAGGCCAACC
TATACCCAATAGGAGAATTCATGCTGAAATAAGTAACTAGGGACACCCCCTCCAAACGCGCAAACTTACA
TCTCCACATTATTACCCAGAATAAGATACCCCCACAACCCACAAGACGCCGTATCCCCTCACCCTGTTAG
GCCAACTCAGGAGCGCTCAACGGAAAGATTCAAATCCGTAGAAGGAACTAGGCAAACCCCCAGGGCCCGA
CTGTTTACCAAAAACATAGCCTTCAGCCCTCCAAGTATTGAAGGTGACGCCTGCCCAGTGACACTAAGTT
CAACGGCCGCGGTATCCTAACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCAATTGTCCCATAAATCGAGACTTGTATGA
ATGGCTAAACGAGGTCCTAACTGTCTCCTACGGACAATCAGTGAAATTGATCTCTTCGTGCAAAAGCGAA
GATAACCCCATAAGACGAGAAGACCCTGTGGAACTTCAAAATCAACGACCACACCACACGACCCTCAAGC
CTACCAGGCCCACCACCCAACCACAAACATTGGTCCGTATTTTTCGGCTGGGGCGGCCCTGGAGAAAAAC
AAACCCTCCAGAAACAAGACCCAACCTCTTAACCAAGAGCCACCCCTCAACGTGCAAACAGCCACCAGAC
CCGGTATAACTGATCAATGGACCAAGCTACCCCAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCCCTCCAAGAGCCCATATC
GACAAGGGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACACCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGT
TTGTTCAACGATTAACAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGTAATCCAGGTCGGTTTCTATCTAT
GACAGATTCCCCCCAGTACGAAAGGACCGGAGGAATGAGGCCCATGCCACCAGCACGCCTCCCTCTCAAG
TGCGGAACACAACTAAACCACCTAAAGAGCTCTCAACACCCGTCCAAAAAAAGGACTGCTAGCGTGGCAG
AGCCTGGCAAATGCAGAAGGCTTAAACCCTTCAACCAGAGGTTCAAGTCCTCTCCCTAGCTCCCACACCC
TTACCTGTGACCTCCACCCTAATCAACCTACTCCTCGCACTCTCCTATGCCATCCCCATCTTAATTGCAG
TAGCCTTCCTAACGCTAGTCGAACGAAAAATCCTAAGCTACATACAAGCCCGAAAGGGCCCTAACATTGT
CGGCCCATACGGCCTCCTTCAACCCCTAGCCGACGGAGTAAAGCTATTCATCAAAGAGCCCATCCGCCCC
TCCACCTCATCCCCCCTCCTATTCCTATCCACCCCCACCCTTGCCCTGCTCTTAGCCCTAACCATCTGAA
TCCCCCTCCCCCTTCCATTCTCCCTCGCCGACCTGAACTTGGGCTTCCTATTCCTCCTCGCCATATCTAG
CCTTGCAGTGTACTCCATCCTATGATCTGGGTGGGCCTCAAATTCAAAATATGCCCTAATCGGAGCCCTC
CGAGCGGTTGCACAAACCATCTCCTACGAGGTAACACTGGCAATCATTCTCCTGTCCACCATCATATTAA
GCGGGAATTACACCCTTAGTACACTCGCCATCACCCAAGAGCCCCTCTACTTAATCTTCTCCTCTTGACC
CCTTGCCATAATATGGTATATCTCCACACTTGCTGAAACAAACCGCGCCCCATTTGACCTCACCGAGGGG
GAGTCAGAACTTGTATCCGGCTTTAATGTAGAATATGCCGCAGGCCCGTTTGCCCTTTTCTTCCTAGCCG
AATACGCCAACATCATAATAATAAATGCCCTAACCACCATTCTATTTCTCAACCCAAGCTGACTCAATCC
CCCATCAGAACTCTTCCCCGCCATCTTGGCCTCCAAAATCCTCCTCCTCTCCTCAGGCTTCCTATGAATT
CGTGCCTCATACCCCCGATTCCGCTACGACCAACTCATACACCTCCTATGAAAAAACTTTCTCCCCCTCA
CTCTAGCCCTATGCCTCTGACACGTAAGCATGCCCATTTCCTGCGCAGGTCTGCCCCCGTACCTAAGGAA
ATGTGCCTGAATTCAAAGGGTCACTATGATAAAGTGAACATAGAGGTACACCAGCCCTCTCATTTCCTTC
AATTCCCCCCCCCGCTTATAGAAAAGTAGGAATCGAACCTACACTGAAGAGATCAAAACCCTCCATACTC
CCTTTATATTATTTTCTAGCAAGGTCAGCTAAAAAAGCTATCGGGCCCATACCCCGAAAATGAAGGTTCA
ACCCCCTCCCTTGCTAATGAACCCATATGCCAAACTAATCACCACCACAAGCCTAATCCTAGGAACCACC
ATTACAATCTCAAGCAACCACTGGGCAATAGCCTGAACAGGCCTAGAAATTAACACCATCGCCATCATCC
CCATAATCTCAAAATCCCACCACCCTCGAGCCATTGAAGCAACAATCAAGTACTTCCTGGTCCAAGCAGC
TGCATCAGCCACCATCCTGTTCTCAAGCATGATCAACGCCTGAACCACAGGCCAATGAGACATCACCCAA
CTAACCAACAGTACATCATGCACACTCCTTACAGCCGCAATCGCCATAAAATTGGGCCTAACACCATTCC
ACTTCTGATTCCCAGAAGTCCTTCAAGGCTCACCACTAATCACCGCCCTCCTCCTATCGACAGTAATAAA
ACTCCCCCCCATCGCCATTCTCCTCCTCACATCAAACTCCCTCAACCCCCCCCTACTCACCCTAATAGCC
ATCATATCAGCAGCCCTAGGCGGTTGAATGGGCCTTAATCAGACACAAATCCGAAAAATCTTGGCCTTCT
CCTCCATCTCCCACTTAGGATGAATAACCATCATCATCATCTATGCACCTAAGCTCACACTCCTAACCTT
CCTCCTCTATACCCTCCTTACCTCAACCATCTTTCTCTCCCTTAACACATCAAACACCACAAAACTATCG
ACACTAATATCAGCGTGAACAAAAACCCCCATGCTCAATGCGACCCTCATACTCACCCTCCTCTCTCTAG
CCGGACTCCCCCCCTTCACCGGATTCCTACCCAAATGACTCATCATCCAAGAACTCACCAAACAGGAAAT
AACCCCCACAGCTCTAACCATCGCCCTTCTATCCCTACTGAGCCTATTCTTCTACCTCCGCCTCACCTAC
TTTTCATCCATCACACTCCCCCCAAACTCGGTCAACCAAACAAAACATTGGTATACCAACAAAAACACCC
ACATCCTAATCGCCATTCTAACCCCCCTATCAACCCTCCTCCTCCCCCTTTCCCCCCTAATTTTATCCAC
CGTCTAGAAACTTAGGATAATTCACCCAAACCGAAGGCCTTCAAAGCCTTAAATAAGAGTTAAACCCTCT
TAGTTTCTGCCTAAGACCCGCAGGATACTACCCTGCATCTCCTGAATGCAACCCAGGCACTTTAATTAAG
CCAGGGCCTTAGCTGCCCCTAGACAGGTGGGCCTCGATCCCACAAGATTCTAGTTAACAGCTAGATGCCC
AAACCCACGGGCTTCCGTCTAAACAAGTCCCGGCGCATCTTTAATGCGCATCAATGAGCTTGCAACCCAC
CATGAATTTCACCACAGGACTGGTAAGAAGGGGAATCAAACCCCTGTAAAAAGGACTACAGCCTAACGCC
TCAACACTCGGCCATCTTACCCGTGACCTTCATCAACCGATGATTATTCTCCACCAACCACAAGGACATT
GGCACTCTGTATCTTATCTTCGGCGCATGAGCCGGCATAATCGGCACAGCCCTCAGCCTCCTTATCCGCG
CTGAACTAGGCCAACCTGGCACCCTCCTCGGCGACGATCAAATCTACAACGTCATCGTTACCGCCCATGC
ATTCGTAATAATCTTCTTCATAGTCATACCCATCATGATTGGCGGATTTGGAAACTGACTCGTACCACTC
ATAATCGGAGCTCCCGACATAGCATTCCCACGAATGAACAACATAAGCTTCTGACTCCTCCCACCATCAT
TCCTGCTCCTTCTAGCCTCCTCTACAGTAGAGGCAGGGGCAGGAACAGGCTGAACTGTCTACCCGCCCCT
CGCTGGCAACTTAGCCCATGCAGGAGCCTCAGTAGACCTGGCCATCTTCTCACTCCACCTAGCGGGTATC
TCATCCATCCTCGGGGCAATCAACTTTATTACCACGGCCATTAACATAAAACCCCCAGCCATCTCACAAT
ACCAAACCCCTCTATTTGTCTGATCCGTCCTCATCACCGCCGTTCTCCTCCTCCTATCCCTCCCAGTCCT
CGCCGCTGGCATCACGATACTCCTCACAGACCGCAATCTAAACACCACATTCTTTGACCCTGCCGGAGGA
GGCGACCCAATCCTCTACCAACATCTCTTCTGATTTTTTGGCCACCCCGAAGTTTACATCCTCATCCTTC
CAGGATTTGGCATGATCTCCCACGTAGTAGCCTACTACGCTGGCAAAAAAGAGCCTTTCGGCTACATGGG
AATAGTATGAGCCATACTATCTATTGGATTCCTCGGCTTTATCGTATGAGCTCACCACATGTTCACCGTA
GGGATAGACGTAGACACCCGAGCCTACTTCACATCCGCAACCATAATCATCGCCATCCCAACCGGAATCA
AAGTCTTCAGCTGACTAGCCACACTCCACGGAGGAACCATCAAATGAGACCCCCCTATGCTCTGAGCCCT
GGGCTTCATCTTCCTATTCACCGTAGGTGGTCTAACAGGAATCGTCCTAGCCAACTCCTCCCTAGACATC
GCCCTCCACGACACATACTACGTAGTAGCCCACTTCCATTACGTCCTCTCAATAGGAGCTGTATTCGCCA
TCCTGGCAGGATTTACCCACTGATTCCCCCTATTCACGGGCTACACCCTAAACAACACATGAGCTAAGGC
TCACTTCGGAGTCATATTCACCGGAGTCAACCTAACATTCTTCCCTCAACACTTCCTGGGCTTAGCCGGC
ATACCACGCCGATACTCAGACTACCCCGATGCGTACACCCTGTGAAACACTATGTCATCAATCGGCTCAT
TAATCTCCATGACAGCCGTCATTATACTCCTATTTATCATCTGAGAAGCCTTCGCATCCAAACGCAAAGT
CCTACAACCGGAACTAACCCACACCAACATCGAATGAATTCACGGCTGCCCGCCCCCCTACCACACCTTC
GAAGAACCAGCCTACGTCCAAGTCCAAGAAAGGAAGGAATTGAACCCTCATACATTGGTTTCAAGCCAAC
CGCATCAAACCACTTATGCTTCTTTCTTTATGGCGCATTAGTAAATATATTACGTGGCCTTGTCAAGACC
AAGTCACAGGTGAAATCCCTGTATGCCCCGCATGGCCAACCACTCTCAATTCGGATTCCAAGACGCCTCC
TCACCAATCATAGAAGAACTTGTTGAGTTCCACGATCACGCCCTGATGGTGGCACTAGCCATCTGCAGCC
TAGTACTATACCTCCTCCTGCTTATGCTTATAGAAAAACTCTCGTCAAACACAGTTGATGCCCAGGAGGT
TGAACTGATTTGAACAATCCTCCCGGCCATTGTCCTCGTCCTTCTCGCCCTTCCATCCCTGCAAATCCTT
TATATAATAGACGAGATTGACGAACCGGACCTCACTCTAAAAGCCATCGGCCATCAGTGATATTGAACCT
ATGAGTACACAGACTTCAAAGACCTGTCATTTGACTCCTATATAATTCCCACAGCGGAACTCCCCCTAGG
TCACTTCCGTCTCCTAGAGGCAGATCACCGGGTCGTCATCCCCATGGAATCGCCCATCCGCATCATTGTC
ACTGCCGATGACGTATTGCACTCCTGAGCTGTCCCAACCTTGGGAGTAAAAACCGATGCAATTCCGGGCC
GACTTAACCAGACATCATTCATCACCACTCGCCCGGGGATCTTCTACGGCCAGTGTTCTGAGATCTGCGG
CGCAAACCATAGCTTCATGCCCATCGTAATTGAATCCGCACCGCTTAATTTCTTTGAGACCTGATCATCT
TCACTATCCTCCTAATCGTCAAGAAGCTATGCACCAGCGCTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAGAGAAAGTGGGACCC
CCCCCTCCTTGACGAAATGCCCCAACTTAACCCCAACCCCTGATTCTTCATCATACTACTATCATGACTG
ACCTTCTCTCTCATAATCCAACCTAAACTCCTATCATTCCCCCACACCAACCCACCAACCAGCAAATCCA
CGACAGCTGCTAAAACCACGCCCTGAGCCTGACCATGAACTTAAGCTTCTTCGATCAATTCACAAGCCCA
TGCCTTCTAGGAATTCCCCTAGTCCTCCTCTCCATGCTCTTTCCAGCCCTCCTCCTCCCCTCCCCAGGTA
GCCGATGAATCACCAACCGCCTATCTACTCTACAATCATGATGTATCGACCTAATCACCAAACAACTAAT
AACCCCACTAAACAAAAGCGGCCATAAGTGAGCCCTGATCCTCACATCCCTGATAATCCTCCTCCTCTCT
ATTAACCTGCTAGGCCTCCTACCGTACACATTCACCCCAACTACCCAGCTATCTATAAACATAGCCCTTG
CCTTCCCCCTATGATTGGCGACCCTCCTGACAGGCTTACGCAACCAACCCTCAGCCTCCCTAGGCCACCT
CCTCCCCGAAGGCACACCCACCCCCCTGATTCCGGCACTGATCCTCATTGAAACAGTCAGCCTACTCATC
CGCCCCCTGGCCCTTGGGGTCCGCCTAACAGCCAACCTCACAGCGGGTCACCTTCTCATCCAACTTATCT
CCACCGCCACAACCGCCCTCCTGTCCGTCATGCCCGCAATCTCAATACTCACCTCCATCATCCTACTCCT
CCTAACTATCCTCGAAGTGGCCGTAGCCATAATCCAAGCCTACGTATTCGTCCTCCTTCTAAGCCTGTAC
TTACAAGAAAATATCTAATGGCCCACCAAGCCCACTCATACCACATAGTCGACCCCAGCCCATGACCCCT
TTTTGGCGCAACAGCTGCCCTCCTAATAACCTCCGGCCTGATCATATGATTCCACTACAACTCCTCCCAC
CTCCTAACCTTGGGCATACTCACCACAGCCCTGGTCATATTACAGTGATGACGAGACATCGTGCGCGAAG
GAACCTTCCATGGCCACCACACCCCCACAGTCCAAAAGGGCCTGCGATATGGAATAATCCTATTCATTAC
ATCAGAGGTATTCTTCTTCCTGGGCTTCTTCTGAGCCTTCTTCCACTCCAGCCTAGCACCCACCCCAGAA
CTCGGAGGCCAATGACCCCCCACAGGAATTAAACCCATAAACCCCCTGGAGGTCCCTCTACTTAACACAG
CTATCCTGCTAGCATCTGGTATCACCGTCACTTGAGCCCACCACAGCATCACTGAAGCTGACCGCAAGCA
AGCAATCCAAGCTCTCGCCCTAACCATTCTCCTCGGACTCTACTTTACCGCCCTTCAAGCCATAGAGTAC
CACGAGGCTTCATTCTCAATCGCAGACAGCGTATATGGCTCAACCTTTTTCGTCGCCACAGGATTCCACG
GCCTCCATGTCATTATCGGCTCTTCCTTCTTACTAGTCTGCCTCCTTCGCCTAATCAAATACCACTTCAC
TTCTAACCACCACTTTGGGTTCGAAGCAGCAGCCTGATATTGACACTTTGTAGACGTCATTTGACTATTC
CTCTACATAACAATTTACTGATGAGGATCGTGCCCTTCTAGTATACTTATTACAATTGACTTCCAATCTC
TAAAATCTGGTCCAAATCCAGAGAAGGGCAATCAACATAATCACATTTATACTACTCCTCTCACTAATCC
TCAGCATCGCCCTAATTATCCTCAACTTCTGACTCGCCCAAGCCAACCCAGACTCGGAAAAACTCTCCCC
ATACGAATGTGGCTTCGACCCGCTCGGATCTGCCCGACTCCCATTCTCCATCCGATTCTTCCTCAGTAGC
TATCCTGTTTCTCCTATTTGACCTAGAAATCGCCCTCCTCCTCCCCCTCCCCTGAGCAACCCAACTTCAA
TCCCCCACCACCACCCTCACCTGAACCTCCACAATCATTCTCCTCCTAACACTTGGGCTCATTTACGAAT
GAATTCAAGGCGGATTGGAGTGAGCAGAATAACCAGAGAGTTAGTCTAACCAAGACAGTTGATTTCGGCT
CAACGGATCATAGACCTACCCTATGACTCTCTAAATGTCCGCCATACATCTAAGTTTCTACTCAACCTTC
ACCCTAAGCTGCCTAGGGCTAGCCTTCCACCGAACACACCTGGTCTCAGCCCTACTATGTCTGGAGAGCA
TAATACTATCAATATATATCGCCCTCTCAATCTGACCAGTAGAAAACCACACAGCATCACCCACCCTTAT
CCCATTACTTATACTAGCTTTCTCAGCCTGCGAAGCCGGCACAGGCCTGGCTGCGCTTGTAGCCTCCTCA
CGAACCCACGGCACAGATCACCTGCACAACCTCAACCTCCTACAATGTTAAAAATCATCATCCCCACAAT
CATACTCCTGCCCACAGCCCTCCTATCCCCCCCCAAACTCCTGTGAACCCACGCCACCTCGTACAGCCTC
CTAATTGCCCTCATCAGTCTCCAATGACTCACCCCCTCTTATTTTCCCCACAAGAACCTAACCCCATGAA
CCAGCGTTGACCAAATCTCCTCCCCCCTGCTAACCTTGTCCTGCTGGCTACTCCCACTTATAATCCTAGC
TAGCCAAAACCACCTACAACATGAACCCCCAGCACGAAAGCGTATCTTCATCGCCACCCTCGTCACAGTA
CAGCCGTTCATTATCCTAGCATTCTCCTCCTCCGAACTAATACTATTCTACATCTCATTCGAAGCGACCC
TAATCCCAACCCTAATCCTGATCACCCGATGGGGCAGCCAACCCGAACGACTAAGTGCTGGCACCTATCT
CCTCTTCTACACCCTCATCAGCTCCCTCCCCCTCCTAGTCACCCTGCTTTACCTACACACACGAACTGGT
ACCCTATACCTCCCCATAATCAAACTCACTCATTCCCTCCAACCAACCGACTCATGGACGACGCCCCTAT
CAAGCCTGGCCCTCCTGATAGCCTTTATAGTAAAAGCTCCTCTATACGGAGTCCATCTCTGACTCCCCAA
AGCCCACGTCGAAGCCCCCATTGCAGGCTCCATACTCCTTGCAGCCCTCCTACTAAAACTCGGAGGATAT
GGCATCATACGCGTCACCCTCTTAACCAACTACTCTGAGACCCTCCTCTACCCCTTCCTAACTCTAGCCC
TCTGAGGCGCACTAATAACTAGCTCCATCTGTTTACGTCAAACTGACCTAAAAGCCCTCATTGCTTACTC
ATCCGTAAGCCACATAGGCCTAGTCATCGCCGCCACCATAATCCAAACCCACTGATCCTTCGCAGGGGCA
ATAATTCTCATAATCTCCCACGGCCTGACGTCATCCATACTATTTTGTCTAGCCAACACAAACTACGAAC
GTACCCACAGCCGCATCCTACTCTTAACTCGAGGCCTACAACCCCTTCTCCCCCTCATAGCCACATGATG
ACTCCTGGCCAACTTAACCAACATAGCCCTTCCACCCACCACAAACCTCATGGCAGAATTAACCATCATA
ATCTCCCTGTTCAATTGATCTCCACTCACACTCCTCCTAACGGGCATAGCAACCTTCCTAACCGCCTCCT
ACACCCTATTCATATTCCTCACAACTCAACGGGGTCCCCTCCCCTCTCACATCACAACCACCCAAAACTC
ATCCACCCGAGAGCATATCCTAATAACCCTCCACATCATCCCCCTCCTCCTCCTCATCCTAAAACCAGAA
CTCATCGCATAACCACCCAAAGCAAGTATAGTTTCAACCCAAACATTAGACTGTGACTCTAAAAATAGAA
GTTAGACCCTTCTTACCTGCCGAGGGGAGGCCAGCCAACAAGAACTGCTAACTCTTGCATCTGGGCTTAA
ACCCCCAGTCCCCTTACTTTTAAAGGATAGCAGTAATCCATTGGTCTTAGGAACCACCCACCTTGGTGCA
AATCCAAGTAAAAGTAGTGGACGTCACACTCCTCCTCAACACCTCCATCCTCCTCACCCTCTTCATCATC
CTAACACCCGTCTTACTCCCCCTAATCTTGAAAAACCCCCCGAACTCTCCCCCTCTCATCACACGCCACG
TCAAAATCGCCTTCATAACCAGCCTCATCCCCACAACACTATTCATATACTCAGGGGCTGAAAGCATTAT
CTCCAACTGAGAATGAAAATTCCTCATGAACTTTAAAATCCCACTCAGCTTCAAAATCGACCAATATTCA
ACAACCTTCCTTCCTATCGCCCTATTCGTGACATGATCAATTCTCCAATTCGCCCTGTGATACATAGCGT
CAGAGCCCCACATCACAAAATTCTTCTCGTACCTCCTAATCTTCCTAATCGCCATACTTCTTCTAACCTC
CGCCAACAACATATTCCTCCTGTTCATTGGATGGGAGGGCGTAGGAATTATATCCTTCCTCTTAATCGGC
TGATGACACGCACGAGCCGAAGCCAGCGCAGCTGCCCTCCAGGCCGTTCTCTACAACCGAATCGGCGATA
TCGGCCTAATTCTGAGCATAGCCTGACTGGCCTCGACCACAAACACCTGAGAAATCCAACAAACCCTCCT
CCCCACCCAAACCCCGACGCTTCCCCTCCTAGGCCTCATCCTCGCCGCCACAGGTAAATCCGCTCAATTT
GGTCTCCACCCCTGACTTCCCGCTGCCATAGAAGGCCCCACTCCTGTATCCGCCCTACTCCACTCAAGCA
CCATGGTAGTAGCCGGCATCTTTCTACTTATCCGAACTCACCCCATACTCGCCACCAATCAAACCGCCCT
AACCCTCTGCCTATGCCTAGGAGCCATTTCTACGCTATTCGCCGCAACATGCGCTCTCACACAAAATGAC
ATCAAAAAAATCATTGCCTTCTCCACATCAAGCCAACTAGGCCTAATAATAGTCACAGTTGGCCTAAATA
TACCCCAACTAGCCTTTCTCCACATCTCAACCCATGCCTTCTTCAAAGCTATGCTCTTCCTCTGCTCCGG
CTCTATTATCCACAGCCTAAACGGAGAGCAGGATATCCGAAAAATGGGTGGCCTACAAAAAGTCCTCCCC
ACCACTACCTCCTGCCTAACCATTGGTAACCTCGCTTTAATAGGAACCCCATTTCTAGCAGGATTCTACT
CCAAAGACCTCATCATCGAAAACCTCAACACATCCTACCTAAACACATGAGCCCTCTTGCTAACCCTTCT
GGCTACCTCCTTCACCGCAACCTACAGCCTCCGCTTAACCATCCTAGTTCAAACAGGACACAACCGCATA
CCCCCAACCGCCCCAATCAACGAAAACAACCCCTCAATCATCAACCCGATCAGCCGCCTAGCCCTAGGCA
GCATCCTCGCCGGCTTCCTCATCACCTCCCTCATCCTCCCCTCAAAAACCCCCCCCATAACTATACCGAC
CATCACAAAACTTGCGGCCATTATCGTAACACTACTAGGCATCATACTAGCCTTAGAACTCTCCAACATA
ACCCACTCACTAACTCCACCCAAACAAAATCCCCCCCTCAACTTCTCCTCTTCGCTCGGCTACTTTAACC
CCCTCGCCCACCGTGCTGGCTCTACAAACCTCCTCAACACGGGCCAAAAAATCGCCACCCATCTAATTGA
CCTATCTTGATACAAAAAAATCGGTCCCGAAGGCCTCGCAGATCTCCAGCGCATAGCATCTGAAACCTCA
ACCCCTATTCACACCGGCCTCATCAAAGCCTACCTGAGCACATTCGCCCTGTCCGTTCTCATCATCCTAA
CCACCCTCAGACACCTCAATGGCCCCCAACCTTCGTAAATCCCACCCCCTCCTGAAAATAGTCAACAACT
CCCTGATCGACCTACCTGCACCCTCAAACATCTCAGCATGATGAAATTTTGGATCCCTCCTCGGCATCTG
CCTGATAGTACAAATTATCACAGGCCTCCTCCTGGCCACTCACTACACCGCCGACACAACCTTAGCCTTC
TCATCCGTCGCCCACACCTGCCGAAACGTTCAATACGGCTGACTAATTCGAAACCTTCATGCCAACGGAG
CCTCATTTTTCTTCATTTGCATCTACCTCCACATTGGACGAGGATTCTACTACGGGTCCTACCTATTTAA
AGAAACCTGAAACACTGGGGTCATCCTCCTTCTCACCCTTATAGCCACTGCTTTCGTCGGCTATGTCCTC
CCTTGAGGGCAAATATCATTCTGAGGCGCTACCGTTATTACTAATCTTTTCTCAGCCCTCCCCTACATCG
GCCAAACCATCGTTGAATGGGCCTGAGGCGGATTCTCTGTAGACAACCCCACCCTCACCCGATTTTTCGC
ACTTCACTTCCTTCTTCCATTCCTAATCGCAGGTCTTACCCTAATCCACTTTACCTTCCTTCACGAATCA
GGCTCGAACAACCCCCTTGGAATCGTGTCCGATTGTGATAAAATCCCCTTCCACCCCTACTTCTCCGTAA
AAGACATCCTGGGCTTCATATTCATGCTCCTCCCCCTTGTAACCCTAGCACTATTCTCACCCAATCTCCT
GGGGGACCCAGAGAACTTCACACCCGCAAACCCACTAGTCACACCCCCCCACATTAAACCCGAATGATAC
TTCCTATTCGCATACGCCATCCTACGCTCCATCCCCAACAAGCTAGGAGGCGTCCTGGCCCTAGCCGCCT
CCGTCCTAGTCTTATTCCTAATACCCCTCCTCCATGTGTCCAAACAGCGCACAATAGCCTTCCGACCCCT
CTCCCAACTCCTATTCTGAACGCTCGTTGCCAACCTCCTCATTCTCACCTGAATTGGCAGCCAACCGGTA
GAGCACCCCTTCATCATCATCGGCCAACTAGCCTCCATCACCTACTTCTCCACAATCCTCATTCTCTTCC
CTCTTGCCAGCACCCTAGAAAACAAGCTGCTGAGCCTCTAACTCTAATAGTTTATCAAAAACATTGGTCT
TGTAAGCCAAAGATTGAAGATACGCAATTCTTCTTAGAGTTATACAACTAACAACAAATGGCCCCCCCCT
CCCCCCATGAATGTATTCTATGCATTCATGCCAACCTATGTATTTCTGTGCATACTATTATCTCCAGAGT
ACACGGATATGCGAGCTAGGACATATTACTAATGCAATCATGACATACCTCTCACTTTTCACATACCATC
TCAATGCACGTCACCATCCTACTTTCTAAAGAACTGCCTACATCATGACAGACGGACCAAACCACTACAA
TCCGTACTAAACCCTAACCATGGGCTCTTATGCATACAAACTATCCTACCACACGGAAGTGCCCGAACCA
AAGGAACTCCATGGTAACGGCCCATAACTTGCCATAATTTCTCGCCGTGCCGGTAGCTGTCGTACCAGGT
TATCTATTAATCGATCACCTCACGTGAAATCAGCAACGCACCGCATATAAGACTCTACGTTACTAGCTTC
AGGCCCATACTTTCCCCCTACACCCCTAGCACAACTTGCTCTTTTGCGCCTCTGGTTCCTATCTCAGGGC
CATTACTGGTCCTCTAGTATTCCTCGCACGTCATGAGACCTCTGGTTGGCTATATCTCACCATTTTAGTC
CGTGATCGCGGCATTCCAACCTTTGGCACTTTTGGTTCCTTTTTTTTGGGGGCGTCTTCACTCTGCCCTT
CAAAGTGCAGCGGGTGAATACAATCTATTGACGTGAGCATACAATTCCTATCGTCCTATTTTATGGCCTT
CAAGAGTCACTGAAGCTGAGACGGTTTGCGTATATGGGGAATCACTTTGACACTGATGCACTTTGTTTTA
CATTTGGTTATGGTATCTTTTATCCTTGAATCTTGATGTTCTATTTAATTAATGCCTGATAGACATAATT
TTTCAATTTTTCGTTTCCTCTGACTTCCCATCATTTTAAAAACGTCAGCAGGCACTTTCCCTATAAAAAA
CTCTAACGAATCACAATCTTTTTTTTTCATTTTTTTTTCATTTTTTTTTCATTTTTTTTTCATTCGTTTG
GCGCCCGGATTCATAACATTTTAAACGTTCACGTTCGTTACGTTCGTTCATTCGTTCGTTGACCAAATTC
ACTTATCTTTTATTACCAACACCCCTACTCATCCATACACCCCATTCACGATCACAATCAACGTATGCCA
CTTCGTTCCTAACAGGCAAAATCCCTTTGACATTCCCCACCCCCCATTCATCCAAGGAAACCCCCGTTTC
ATCAGAGAAAAAGGACTTAAACCTTCACCCCCAACTCCCAAAGCTGGTATTCTGAATTAAACTATTCTCT
GCCCCCCTTAAACCGCCCGAATTGCCCCACAAGACAGCCCACGCACTAATTCCAGCACTACAAAGAGAGT
TAACAACAATCCCCACCCGGCCACCAAAAACATCCCAACTCCCCAGGAGTAGAACATTGCCACCCCACTA
AAGTCAGACCGAACAAAAACTGCTCCACCACTGTCAACAGTCCACACTCCCAACTTCAGATTCTCCCCAA
CACCACCAACAACCGCCCCTATAAGTAAAGTCCCCACTAAACCCACCCCATACCCCAATACGCGTCAATC
CCCCCAAGTTTCAGGGAAAGGATCCGCAGCCAAAGCCACAGAATATACAAAAACCACCAACATTCCGCCC
AAATAGACCATAAATAACACCAACGCCACAAACGAAACCCCAACACTCAACAATCACCCACACCCTACAA
CTGACGCCAACACTAAACCCACCACCCCATAATAGGGAGACGGATTAGATGCAACCGCCAAACCCCCCAA
AATAAAACATACCCCTAAAAATAGCATAAAATAAGTCATTATCAGTTCCTACTCGGACTTTACCCGAGAC
CTATGACTCGAAAAGCCATTGTTGTAATTCAACTATAAAAACACCCCCCCATCTTTATAATTCAACATTA
CTTCCACCAACACGAACAATAAAACAACAAAC
Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.