Viewing data for Scarus rubroviolaceus


Scientific name Scarus rubroviolaceus
Common name Ember parrotfish
Maximum lifespan 20.00 years (Scarus rubroviolaceus@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16681 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 7746 8935 4932 2814 4298 4637
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 464 536 296 169 258 278
Base content (%) 46.4% 53.6%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11415 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5359 6056 3583 1776 3076 2980
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 469 531 314 156 269 261
Base content (%) 46.9% 53.1%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1553 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 710 843 389 321 378 465
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 250 207 243 299
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2638 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1228 1410 667 561 546 864
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 253 213 207 328
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%
12S rRNA gene (size: 952 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 458 494 246 212 200 294
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 481 519 258 223 210 309
Base content (%) 48.1% 51.9%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1686 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 770 916 421 349 346 570
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 250 207 205 338
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 323 361 221 102 192 169
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 472 528 323 149 281 247
Base content (%) 47.2% 52.8%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 76 92 57 19 40 52
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 452 548 339 113 238 310
Base content (%) 45.2% 54.8%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 729 822 448 281 445 377
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 289 181 287 243
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
COX2 (size: 691 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 314 377 201 113 190 187
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 454 546 291 164 275 271
Base content (%) 45.4% 54.6%
COX3 (size: 785 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 369 416 233 136 214 202
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 297 173 273 257
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
CYTB (size: 1141 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 534 607 341 193 328 279
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 468 532 299 169 287 245
Base content (%) 46.8% 53.2%
ND1 (size: 972 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 471 501 314 157 259 242
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 485 515 323 162 266 249
Base content (%) 48.5% 51.5%
ND2 (size: 1055 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 512 543 366 146 273 270
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 485 515 347 138 259 256
Base content (%) 48.5% 51.5%
ND3 (size: 352 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 164 188 107 57 110 78
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 466 534 304 162 313 222
Base content (%) 46.6% 53.4%
ND4 (size: 1380 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 647 733 449 198 372 361
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 469 531 325 143 270 262
Base content (%) 46.9% 53.1%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 145 152 97 48 86 66
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 488 512 327 162 290 222
Base content (%) 48.8% 51.2%
ND5 (size: 1839 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 840 999 584 256 486 513
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 457 543 318 139 264 279
Base content (%) 45.7% 54.3%
ND6 (size: 522 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 242 280 169 73 86 194
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 464 536 324 140 165 372
Base content (%) 46.4% 53.6%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 21 (9.25%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 49 (21.59%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 8 7 12 10 19 6 2 8 2 7 4 6 1 3 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 0 4 10 5 2 1 6 2 2 4 6 6 1 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 6 2 3 2 1 0 0 3 0 5 0 0 4 4 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 5 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
56 82 58 32
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
24 63 34 107
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
22 76 77 53
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPGPWFLIMMFTWLIFLTILPKKVLSHKFSNDPASEDKSMPTTPPWSWRWH*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 6 (10.91%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 8 (14.55%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 1 (1.82%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 1 1 1 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 1 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
6 18 18 14
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
8 17 13 18
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
5 22 21 8
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 46 (8.91%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 46 (8.91%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 28 (5.43%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 38 (7.36%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 39 (7.56%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (12.02%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 44 (8.53%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 23 (4.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 29 (5.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 41 (7.95%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 18 (3.49%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 14 (2.71%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.13%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (3.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
23 21 5 18 16 20 3 3 6 2 15 8 14 2 15 26
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
18 0 1 7 20 18 1 9 14 15 8 13 9 5 2 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
15 17 2 4 9 9 2 1 3 5 13 3 2 8 8 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
14 8 3 2 12 8 0 0 1 6 1 0 0 1 0 14
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
156 121 133 107
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
76 137 95 209
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
49 190 149 129
COX2 (size: 691 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (3.49%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.87%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (9.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 27 (11.79%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (7.86%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.8%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 14 (6.11%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (5.24%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.55%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (2.18%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.93%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (4.37%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.62%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 10 5 7 7 9 0 4 9 0 8 8 5 0 6 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 0 2 3 7 7 1 2 2 4 1 3 5 6 0 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 3 0 7 6 1 0 0 4 3 6 0 0 3 2 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 13 2 3 9 2 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
75 62 49 44
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 54 63 87
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
12 85 75 58
COX3 (size: 785 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 20 (7.69%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (5.38%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 22 (8.46%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (6.92%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (11.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (3.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 6 5 7 4 14 3 3 8 0 6 7 5 0 7 17
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 2 5 5 9 1 1 13 6 3 2 4 5 1 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
8 9 0 4 1 6 0 0 3 2 10 1 0 0 1 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
14 10 0 3 2 2 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 70 51 64
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
45 65 55 96
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
15 98 95 53
CYTB (size: 1141 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (6.6%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 36 (9.5%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 25 (6.6%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 19 (5.01%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 26 (6.86%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 60 (15.83%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.37%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (5.54%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 31 (8.18%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (3.69%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (3.43%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.32%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 18 (4.75%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 16 6 19 13 15 3 4 5 1 8 5 9 4 11 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 2 6 13 14 3 1 6 12 6 5 9 6 1 2
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 12 1 7 7 8 1 2 0 2 12 4 6 0 18 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 3 2 1 10 7 3 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
103 97 86 94
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
51 99 76 154
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
39 145 117 79
ND1 (size: 972 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.88%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 37 (11.46%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 19 (5.88%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 18 (5.57%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (6.19%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 66 (20.43%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 22 (6.81%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 9 (2.79%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.95%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (4.33%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.48%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (1.55%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.41%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 12 (3.72%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 5 (1.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (1.55%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.17%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.48%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 10 4 13 19 19 6 7 5 0 6 6 5 3 6 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 0 2 15 19 1 1 6 10 2 6 10 6 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
9 4 1 3 6 6 1 0 3 2 12 2 2 2 10 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
4 9 2 2 3 6 1 2 1 4 1 0 0 1 0 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
92 97 71 64
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
38 93 60 133
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
27 124 111 62
ND2 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 37 (10.66%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (7.49%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 43 (12.39%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 75 (21.61%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (6.05%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 10 8 17 24 18 7 8 12 1 3 2 5 0 7 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 8 15 12 2 3 9 7 0 2 14 6 0 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
15 15 4 3 7 6 3 2 5 1 6 5 1 5 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 4 2 1 0 8 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 113 101 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
42 121 52 133
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
29 129 117 73
ND3 (size: 1045 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (5.48%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 37 (10.66%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (7.49%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 43 (12.39%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 75 (21.61%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 21 (6.05%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 12 (3.46%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.34%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (4.32%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.73%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 10 (2.88%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (3.75%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (2.02%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.44%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
11 10 8 17 24 18 7 8 12 1 3 2 5 0 7 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 0 0 8 15 12 2 3 9 7 0 2 14 6 0 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
15 15 4 3 7 6 3 2 5 1 6 5 1 5 5 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 4 2 1 0 8 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 6
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
73 113 101 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
42 121 52 133
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
29 129 117 73
ND4 (size: 1380 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (5.45%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 44 (9.59%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 33 (7.19%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 43 (9.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 7 (1.53%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 95 (20.7%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 31 (6.75%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 24 (5.23%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 27 (5.88%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 15 (3.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 13 (2.83%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 16 (3.49%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (2.61%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
14 17 17 25 24 23 9 12 9 1 4 6 5 1 8 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 2 5 10 16 14 4 1 12 11 1 5 15 7 0 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 14 2 6 10 10 0 0 7 3 10 2 2 4 7 5
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 10 1 1 3 9 2 2 4 5 0 0 0 1 0 14
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
100 141 127 92
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
66 140 73 181
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
32 168 161 99
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 7 (7.14%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 23 (23.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 1 2 8 6 6 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 4 2
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 2 4 4 5 0 0 3 2 1 0 3 0 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 4 0 2 1 4 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
24 32 19 24
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
14 32 15 38
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
10 33 32 24
ND5 (size: 1839 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 30 (4.9%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 54 (8.82%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 50 (8.17%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 58 (9.48%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 8 (1.31%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 33 (5.39%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 95 (15.52%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 47 (7.68%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (4.41%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 30 (4.9%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 39 (6.37%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (1.8%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 14 (2.29%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 29 (4.74%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 15 (2.45%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (2.78%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.27%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (1.63%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
18 29 17 28 25 27 6 9 14 1 12 10 8 3 18 21
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
10 3 5 11 22 18 3 2 17 9 2 7 10 13 0 7
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
28 23 0 8 11 13 3 2 13 1 10 4 0 4 25 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
14 12 2 4 7 18 2 0 2 7 1 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
142 158 196 117
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
77 177 118 241
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
37 249 199 128
ND6 (size: 522 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 22 (12.72%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 22 (12.72%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 11 (6.36%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 7 (4.05%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 22 (12.72%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 30 (17.34%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (5.2%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (6.94%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 0 (0%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (2.31%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 0 1 6 1 2 1 12 0 0 8 1 5 8 6 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 1 0 11 1 6 4 0 1 4 17 3 0 0 2 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
1 2 1 3 0 2 3 3 0 8 4 3 8 1 0 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 1 5 4 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 19 23 56
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
35 42 24 73
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
58 12 39 65
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11427 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 242 (6.36%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 356 (9.35%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 255 (6.7%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 294 (7.72%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 28 (0.74%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 231 (6.07%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 644 (16.92%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 264 (6.94%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 153 (4.02%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 218 (5.73%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 231 (6.07%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 120 (3.15%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 118 (3.1%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 75 (1.97%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 103 (2.71%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 117 (3.07%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 91 (2.39%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 107 (2.81%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 76 (2.0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 76 (2.0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
129 135 78 165 156 181 50 69 82 9 79 60 69 23 95 136
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
75 8 20 73 131 130 22 22 92 84 44 56 93 62 7 53
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
113 115 13 52 65 69 16 10 43 28 92 28 23 31 86 24
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
83 84 19 23 52 66 10 9 17 41 9 0 0 7 1 90
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
1007 1044 957 799
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
517 1070 697 1523
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
349 1374 1227 857 

>NC_011343.1 Scarus rubroviolaceus mitochondrion, complete genome
GCTATCGTAGCTTAACAAAAGCATAACACTGAAGATGTTAAGATGGACCCTTAAAAGTCCCGACAGCACA
AAGGTTTGGTCCCGGCCTTATTCTCAACTGTAGCCGAACTTACACATGCAAGTATCCGCACCCCCGTGAA
AATGCCCCCCGCCCCCTGCCCGGGGACAAGGAGCTGGTATCAGGCACAAATCCATTTAGCCAATGACACC
TAGCCTAGCCACACCTCCAAGGGACTACAGCAGTGATAGACATTAAGCAATGAGTGAAAACTCGACTTAG
TTAAAGCTAAGAGGGCTGGTAAATCTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTTATACGAAAGGCCCAAGTTGAAAAAC
ATTCGGCGTAAAGGGTGGCTAAGGACCTATTTCAAACTAGAGCTGAATTTCTTCAAAGCTGTTATACGCT
CATGAAAACTAGAAAATCAACCACGAAAGTGGCTCTAATCCCTCCTGACACCACGAAAGCTATGACACAA
ACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCGTAGCCGTAAACCTGACAGCTCTTTACATTTGCTGTTCGCCCGGG
AACTACGAGCGTAAGCTTAAAACCCAAAGGACTTGACGGTGCTTTATATCCCCCTAGAGGAGCCTGTCCT
AGAACCGATAATCCCCGTTAAACCTCACCTTTTCTTGCTCATTCCGCCTATATACCGCCGTCTCCAGTCT
ACCCTGTAAAGGACCCATAGTAGGCGAAATTGGTACAGCCCCAGACGACAGGTCGAGGTGTAGCGTATGA
AAAGGGAAGAGATGGGCTACATTCAGTGAAACACTGAATACGGAAAGCTGATTGAAACATTAACTTGAAG
GAGGATTTAGCAGTAAGTGGCGAATAGAGAGCCCCACTGAAATCGGCCCTGAAGCGCGTACACACCGCCT
GTCACTCTCCCCGAGCAGAAAAATTCTTTACCTAAAAAGCCAAAAAATGTAAAGGGGAGGCAAGTCGTAA
CATGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTGGCTAAAAATACCAGAGTATAGTTAAACACCAGAACATCTCC
CTTACACCGAGAAAATACTCGTGCAAATCGAGTTACTTTGACGCCCAATAGCTAGCTCACTCACTAACAA
ACAACACATCACCATTACTAACCCCTCATGTACCAAATAAAATTAAACAAACCATTTTTCCCCCTAAGTA
TGGGCGACAGAAAAGGAACATTGAAGCAATAGAGAAAGTACCGCAAGGGAAAGCTGAAAGAGAAATGAAA
CAACCCAGTTAAGCTCGAAGAAGCAGAGACTAAACCTCGTACCTTTTGCATCATGAACTAGCGAGAATAA
CCAGGCGAAAAGATTTTTAGTCTGATGTCCCGAAACCAAGTGAGCTACTCCAAGACAGCCTATAACAAGG
GCAAACCCGTCTCTGTGGCAAAAGAGTGGGGAGAGCTTTGAGTAGAGGTGATAGACCTATCGAACTTGGT
TATAGCTGGTTGCCTGAGAAATGGATAGAAGTTCAGCCTTTTTAATTCTTTATTCACAACCAAACCAGAT
AATAAGAAACTAAAAGAGTTACCCAAAGGGGGTACAGCCCCTTTAGGACAAGACACAACTTCCCCAGGAG
GATAAAGATCAGAATAATAACAGGAGAGCATGTTTTAGTGGGCCCAAGAGCAGCCATCCCTAATGAGAGC
GTTACAGCTCAAACACCCTCCCCAATCCACAGATTCCGACAATTTCATCTCAACCCCTAACAATACCAGG
CCGTCCCATGCCCCCCATGGGAGTGACCATGCTAGTATGAGTAATAAGAGAACTAGATTCTCTCCCTGCA
TACGTGTACGTCGGAACGAACCCACGCCGATCCCTAACGGACCCAATACAAAGAGGAAATAGGGCCACAC
GATAGAGAACAAGAAAAACACCCTTAAATTAACCGTTAATCCTACACTGGTATGCCTACAAGGAAAGACT
AAAAAGGAAAGAAGGAACTCGGCAAACACTTACAAGCCTCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCGCCTCTTGCA
AAATCAACAAATAAGAGGTCCCGCCTGCCCTGTGACTATATGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATTTTGACCGTGC
GAAGGTAGCGCAATCACTTGTCTTTTAAATGGAGACCTGTATGAATGGCACGACGAGGGCTTAACTGTCT
CCTAAACTAAGTCAATGTAGTTGATCTCCCCGTGCAGAAGCGGGGATAAACCCATAAGACGAGAAGACCC
TATGGAGCTTTAGACACTAAAACAGCTCATGTTAAAAACCCTCACAAAAGAGGCCAAACTAGATGACCCC
TGTCCTAATGTCTTTGGTTGGGGCGACCACGGGGCAACAAAAAACCCCCGCGCGGAACAGAAACACTGTT
TCCAGAACCAAGAGCACCCACTCTAAGTAACAAGACCCACTTGACCTTTAAGATCCGGCACAAGCCGATC
AACGGACCGAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCTTCTTCGAGAGCTCATATCGACGAGAAGGTTTAC
GACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAATGGTGCAGCCGCTATTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAA
AGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCAGTTTCTATCTATGATACCATTTTTTCTA
GTACGAAAGGACCGAAAAGAAAAGGCCTAGCCTAGAAGGATGCCTTTCCCTCATCTAATGAAAACAACTT
AACTAGCCGAGAGGGGGTTCAACCACCAAAGCCTGAGACCAAGGCACGTTAGAGTAGCAGAGCACGGTCA
CTGCCGAAGGCCTAAGCCCTTCTTACAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTCTTTAACTATATGTACACACTAACTCT
CTACCTCATCAATGCCTTAGCCCTTATTGTTCCTGTCTTACTAGCAGTTGCCTTTCTGACCCTCGTCGAA
CGAAAAGTTCTAGGTTACATACAACTACGAAAAGGACCCAACGTAGTTGGCCCATACGGACTTCTCCAAC
CTATCGCAGATGGAATTAAACTATTCATTAAAGAACCAGTCCGCCCTTCCACCTCCTCACCAATTTTATT
CATTGCAAGCCCAACCCTTGCTCTCACCCTCGCACTCACGCTATGGGCACCCATGCCTCTCCCCTACCCC
CTGGCCGACCTTAACCTAGGAGTGCTTTTTCTCCTTGCTATTTCTAGCTTAGCAGTCTACGCCATTCTGG
GCTCAGGATGGGCCTCAAATTCAAAATATGCCCTCATCGGGGCCCTCCGTGCAGTTGCGCAAACCATTTC
TTATGAAGTAAGCCTAGGCCTCATTCTCCTAAACATCGTGATCTTTGCAGGAGGCTACACTCTTCACACC
TTCAACATCGTCCAAGAAGGAGCATGACTAATCCTACCTGATTGACCCCTGGCAGCAATATGATACATTT
CCACCCTGGCCGAAACTAACCGGGCCCCCTTCGACTTGACTGAAGGGGAATCAGAACTAGTATCCGGCTT
TAACGTAGAGTACGCAGGAGGCCCATTCGCCATGTTCTTTCTTGCCGAATACGCAAACATCCTACTTATG
AACACCCTTTCTGCAGTACTATTCCTCGGAGCCCTTCACATCCCCACACTTCCAGAGCTAACCTCCATTA
ACCTAATAACAAAGGCAGCACTCCTCTCGGTGTTGTTCCTATGAGTCCGAGCATCATACCCCCGTTTCCG
ATACGACCAACTTATGCACTTAGTTTGAAAAAACTTCCTCCCCCTAACATTAGCCTTTATAATCTGACAT
CTGGCACTATTAATTGCATCCGCCGGACTCCCCCCTCACCTCTAACAGGAGCTGTGCCTGAATCAAAGGG
TCACTTTGATAGAGTGAAGCATGGGGGTTAAAATCCTCCCAACTCCTTCCACAGAGCAAAGTAAGCTAAT
AGAAGCTATTGGGCCCATACCCCAAAAATGTTGACTAATACTCAGCCTTTGTTACTTCCCCCCCATTAGA
AAAAAGGGGTTCGAACCCTTCCCGAAGAGATCAAAACTCTTGGTGCTTCCGCTACACCACTTTCTAGCAA
GACAAGGAACAATTCCATTGAAACATAGCCAAACAAGTTGATTAGCCCCAACGTTTGCTTCATGAGCCCC
TATATTCTTTCGATCTTTCTTTTCGGACTAGGTCTAGGAACCACAATCACATTCGCCAGCACTCATTGAC
TCACAGCATGAATAGGACTCGAGATCAATACCTTATCGATCCTTCCCCTCATAGCACGACAACACCACCC
CCGCGCGGTAGAAGCAACGGCCAAATACTTCCTTGCCCAAGCAACTGCAGCAACAGCACTGCTTTTCGCC
AGCACAACCAATGCCTGGTTCTCAGGAGTATGGGAAATTAACCAACTCTCTCACCCCATCCCCATTACTA
TAATAACGATTGCCATTGCTCTTAAAGTAGGCCTTGCTCCCCTCCACACTTGACTCCCAGAAGTCCTTCA
AGGCCTGGATCTCACCACGGGCCTAATTCTTTCCACCTGACAAAAACTAGCCCCTATCGTTCTTCTCATG
CAAGTCCAACCCCACAATGCAAGCACTTTTATTCTTCTAGGCATTGCCTCCACCTTAGTAGGTGGCTGAG
GTGGCCTAAACCAAACACAGCTCCGAAAAATCTTAGCTTACTCATCCATTGCACACTTGGGCTGGCTCAC
CATTGTACTGCAATTTTCCCCCGCACTCAGTTTTCTTACACTAATAACGTACTTTGTTATGACCTTCTCA
ACATTCCTAACATTTAAACTAAACAATGCCACAAGCCTGAATGCTTTAGCCACATCTTGGTCTAAAGCCC
CAATACTAACCGCTCTCACCCCCCTAGTTTTACTCTCACTAGGAGGCCTCCCTCCATTAACAGGCTTCAT
ACCAAAATGGCTCATCATTCAAGAGCTAACCAAACAAGAACTCCCACTTCTGGCAACACTCACTGCTATG
ACAGCTCTACTAAGTCTTTACTTTTACCTCCGCCTCTCATACGCCATAGCTCTCACTATCTCGCCCAACA
ACCTTGCGGGAACTACCCCCTGACGCCTGCCCTCCTTACAAACCACCCTTCCCCTCGCCCTTTCCACAGC
AGGAGCCCTACTGCTACTCCCCCTAACTCCAACCATCGCCTCCCTCCTCTCATTATAGGGCCTTAGGATA
ACACAAGACCAAGGGCCTTCAAAGCCCTAAGCGGGAGTGGAAGTCTCCCAGACCCTGAACTAAAACTTGC
AGGGCTCCCACCTACATCTTCTGCTTGCAAAGCAGACACTTTAATTAAGCTAAAGCTTTATCCTAAGCGG
GAAGGCCTCGATCCTACAAACTCTCAGTTAACAGCTAAGCGCTCAAACCAGCGAGCATCCGCCTACCTTT
CCCCCGCCCGGTACACCGGGCAGGCGGGCGGGGGAAAGCCCCGGCGGGCTTTTAGCCTGCTTCTTTGGAT
TTGCAATCCAATATGTGAACACACCTCAGAGCTTGATAGGAAGAGGAATTGAACCTCTGTCTATGGAGCT
ACAATCCACCACTTAAAACTCAGCCATCCTACCTGTGGCAATCACACGCTGATTCTTCTCAACAAATCAT
AAAGACATCGGTACCCTCTACCTTGTAAATGGTGCCTGAGCCGGAATAGTAGGCACTGCCTTAAGCCTCC
TTATCCGAGCTGAACTAAGTCAACCCGGGGCTCTTCTCGGAGACGACCAGATTTATAATGTAATCGTTAC
AGCTCATGCATTTGTAATGATCTTTTTTATAGTCATGCCTATCATGATTGGAGGCTTCGGGAACTGACTC
ATCCCACTCATGATCGGAGCACCTGACATGGCCTTCCCTCGAATGAACAATATGAGCTTCTGACTTCTCC
CTCCTTCCTTTCTTCTATTGCTCGCCTCCTCTGGCGTAGAAGCAGGAGCAGGTACCGGATGGACCGTTTA
CCCCCCTCTAGCAGGGAATCTTGCACACGCGGGTGCATCCGTTGACCTAACAATCTTCTCCCTTCACCTA
GCAGGAATTTCGTCTATTCTAGGCGCAATTAACTTTATTACAACCATCATTAACATAAAACCGCCTGCCA
TCTCCCAGTACCAAACACCCCTCTTCGTATGAGCTGTCTTAATTACTGCCGTGCTTCTTCTCCTCTCACT
TCCTGTCCTTGCTGCAGGAATCACAATGCTTCTTACAGATCGAAATCTAAACACTACCTTCTTTGACCCT
GCAGGCGGAGGAGACCCGATTCTTTATCAACACCTCTTCTGGTTCTTCGGTCATCCAGAGGTTTACATTC
TTATTCTCCCCGGCTTTGGGATGATTTCCCACATTGTTGCCTACTACTCAGGTAAAAAAGAACCCTTCGG
GTATATGGGCATGGTCTGAGCCATGATGGCCATCGGCCTACTCGGCTTCATTGTATGGGCCCACCACATG
TTCACCGTTGGAATGGATGTTGACACCCGAGCTTACTTTACATCTGCCACAATAATTATTGCCATCCCAA
CCGGGGTTAAAGTCTTCAGCTGACTGGCCACCCTCCACGGAGGCTCAATTAAATGAGAAACCCCTCTTCT
CTGAGCCCTGGGTTTCATTTTCCTATTTACGGTTGGGGGTCTAACAGGAATCGTCCTAGCCAACTCATCA
CTAGACATTGTTCTTCATGACACATACTATGTAGTAGCCCACTTCCACTACGTACTATCCATAGGAGCTG
TCTTTGCCATCGTTGCAGCCTTCGTTCACTGATTCCCCCTCTTTACAGGTTACACCCTTCACCCAACCTG
AACAAAAATCCACTTCGGAGTAATGTTCATCGGCGTAAACTTGACCTTCTTCCCCCAACACTTCCTAGGG
CTAGCAGGCATGCCTCGACGGTACTCAGACTATCCCGACGCCTACACCCTATGAAATACCATCTCCTCAA
TCGGCTCCCTAATTTCACTAGTTGCAGTAATTATGTTTTTATTCATCATTTGAGAAGCATTTACTGCAAA
ACGAGAAGTCCTATCGGTAGAACTAACATCTACAAATATTGAGTGACTGCATGGCTGCCCTCCCCCATAC
CACACATTTGAAGAGCCTGCATTTGTTCAAGTTCAAACGAACTAACGAGAAAGGAAGGAATCGAACCCCC
GTAAACTGGTTTCAAGCCAATCACATAGCCACTCTGCCACTTTCTTAATTGAGACACTAGTAAAGCAAGC
TATTACACAGCTTTGTCAAGGCTGAGTCGCGAGTTAGACCCTCGCGTGTCTCGCCCCTAATGGCACATCC
CTCACAACTAGGCTTTCAAGATGCAGCTTCCCCTGTTATAGAAGAACTCCTTCATTTTCACGACCACGCC
TTAATAATCGTATTTTTAATCAGCACATTTGTTCTTTACATTATTGTAGCAATGGTTTCTACCAAACTAA
CTAACAGCTACATCTTAGACTCCCAAGAAATCGAAATCATCTGAACTGTTCTCCCTGCAGTCATCCTCAT
TCTAATTGCCCTCCCATCTCTACGAATCCTTTACCTCATGGACGAAATTAATGACCCCCACCTTACAATT
AAAGCTATAGGACACCAATGATACTGAAGCTATGAGTATACCGACTACGAGGAACTAGGATTTGACTCCT
ACATGATCCCAACCCAAGACCTTGCCCCAGGGCAATTCCGGCTCCTAGAAGCCGACCACCGAATGGTCGT
CCCAGTTGAATCCCCAGTTCGTGTCCTAGTATCTGCCGAAGATGTCCTTCACTCTTGAGCAGTCCCCGCC
CTTGGTGTAAAGATAGATGCGGTTCCCGGACGCCTAAATCAAACAGCATTCATTGCATCTCGCCCAGGAG
TCTTCTATGGCCAATGCTCTGAAATCTGCGGTGCTAACCACAGCTTTATGCCTATTGTAGTCGAAGCCGT
TCCCTTAGAACACTTCGAAAATTGATCCTCCCTAATACTCCAAGACTCTTCACTGAGAAGCTAAACTGGG
CTCAGCGTTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAAAGAATGGTGGCTCCCAATCACCCTTAGTGACATGCCTCAACTAAAC
CCCGGTCCCTGATTCCTCATTATGATGTTTACATGACTAATCTTCCTAACCATTCTTCCCAAAAAGGTCC
TATCACACAAATTCTCAAACGACCCTGCATCCGAAGACAAAAGCATACCCACAACCCCTCCCTGATCCTG
ACGATGGCACTAAGCTTCTTCGACCAATTTATATCCCCTTCTTTCCTGGGCATTCCCCTGATAGCTATTG
CCCTCGTTCTCCCTTGAACTTTCTACCCCGAAGCCTCACCTCAATGAGTAACTAATCGGTACATAACCCT
TCAAGGCTGATTCATCAATCGATTCACGCAGCAATTACTCCTGCCCCTTAACGTAGGAGGCCACAAATGA
GCGATACTACTCACTTCTCTCATACTTTTCATCTTCTCCCTTAACATGATGGGGCTACTACCCTACACTT
TTACCCCCACAACCCAACTATCTTTAAACATAGCCCTAGCGGTACCACTATGACTGGCAACAGTACTAAT
CGGAATGCGTAATCAACCAACAGCTGCCCTAGGCCACCTTCTCCCAGAAGGCACTCCGGGCCCCCTAATC
CCTGTCCTAATTGTTATCGAAACTCTTAGCCTATTCATCCGACCACTCGCCCTTGGTGTTCGACTAACTG
CAAATCTTACAGCTGGGCACCTCCTTATCCAGCTAATCGCAACAGCCGTTTTCGTCCTAGCCCCACTGAT
ACCAACCGTGGCCATTCTAACAGCAATTGTTCTCGTACTTCTTACGATTCTGGAAGTTGCTGTTGCCATG
ATTCAAGCCTACGTATTTGTCCTTCTACTAAGCCTCTACCTACAAGAAAACGTCTAATGGCACATCAAGC
ACACGCATATCACATAATGGACCCTAGCCCTTGGCCCCTAACAGGGGCAGTAGCCGGCCTACTAATAACA
TCAGGTTTAGCAATTTGATTCCACTTCCACTCTACAACCCTAATAATTATGGGCACAGTACTACTCCTTC
TAACAATATACCAATGATGACGAGATATTGTTCGGGAAGGCACATTCCAAGGACACCACACCCCGCCCGT
CCAAAAAGGACTTCGCTACGGCATGATCCTTTTCATCACCTCAGAAGTTTTCTTCTTCCTAGGCTTTTTC
TGAGCCTTCTACCACTCAAGCCTAGCACCAACCCCCGAACTAGGAGGCTGCTGACCACCAACAGGGCTGG
TCACCCTTGACCCATTTGAAGTCCCCCTGCTCAACACTGCTGTTCTATTAGCATCAGGCGTTACCGTCAC
TTGAGCTCACCACAGCATCATGGAAGGGGAACGAAAACAAGCGATTCAATCCCTAGCACTAACTATCTTA
CTAGGATTCTACTTCACCTTTCTACAAGGCATAGAATATTACGAAGCCCCATTTACAATTGCCGATGGAG
TCTACGGCTCAACTTTCTTCGTTGCCACAGGATTCCACGGCCTTCACGTAATTATTGGCTCTACTTTCCT
GGCTGTCTGCCTTCTCCGTCAAGTTCACTACCATTTCACCTCTGAACACCACTTTGGCTTTGAAGCAGCT
GCTTGATACTGACATTTTGTAGATGTCGTATGACTCTTCCTTTACATCTCTATCTACTGATGAGGCTCAT
AATCTTTCTAGTACAAAAGTTAGTATTAGTGACTTCCAATCACCGGGTCTTGGTTAAACTCCAAGGAGAG
ATACATGATTAACATTATCACAACCTACATTCTTGTCACCATCTTACTGTCCTGGATTGTAGCAGTAATC
TCGTTCTGACTCCCCCAAATCACACCTGACTACGAAAAACTATCCCCCTATGAATGCGGATTTGACCCAC
TCGGCTCAGCCCGCTTGCCCTTTTCCCTACGCTTCTTCCTCGTGGCAATTCTCTTCCTGCTATTCGATCT
TGAAATTGCCCTCCTGCTACCTCTTCCATGGGGAAACCAACTGTCTTCTCCTTTAACAACTTTTATCTGA
GCTACAGCTATCCTGGTTCTACTCACCTTGGGCCTGATTTACGAATGAGTTCAAGGGGGCCTTGAATGAG
CCGAATAGACAGTTAGTATAACAAAACGTTTGATTTCGACTCAAAAAATTGTGGTTCAACCCCACAACTG
GCTTATGATGCCCATCCATTTTGCTTTCACAACAGCTTTTGCTCTTGGACTTACAGGCTTAGCATTTCAG
CGGACACATCTTCTTTCAGCCCTACTATGTCTTGAAGGAATAATGCTCTCACTCTACATTGCCCTCTCTT
TATGGACCCTTCAACTAGATTCTTCGGGCTTCTCGCCCGCACCCATAATTCTCCTAGCCTTTTCAGCTTG
CGAAGCAAGCGCAGGCCTCGCACTTCTCGTCGCCACCTCACGGACCCACGGGTCCGACCGCCTAAAAAAC
CTAAACCTTTTACAATGCTAAAAATCCTCATCCCAACCTTAGCACTTATCCTACTCGCATGAACATGCCC
CAAAAAGTGGCTATGACACACCACTACCACCAACAGCCTGCTAATCGCCGCGTTGAGCCTCCCCTGACTA
AAAACCTCTTTAGATGCCGGATGAACACATCTCAACCCACTTATGGGCACAGACCCCTTATCAGGACCCC
TTCTTGTTCTCTCCTGCTGACTTCTTCCACTGATAATCCTCGCCAGCCAAAACCACTTGGCTTCAGAACC
AATCTCCCGCCAACGTACCTACATCTCACTCATAATCACCCTTCAAGCCTTCCTAATTCTTGCTTTTAGC
GCAACTGAGCTAATTATATTTTACGTAATGTTTGAAGCGACCCTCATCCCAACTCTATTTTTAATCACCC
GCTGAGGTAACCAGGCAGAACGTTTAAATGCCGGAACCTACTTTTTATTTTACACCCTCGCAGGCTCTCT
CCCCCTACTAGTGGCACTTCTTGTAATACATAACACAACTGGCTCACTATCAACCCTAACGCTTCAATTC
ACCCCCACTTTCACCTCCACATCATATGCTAATAAAGCTTGCTGAGCTGCCTGTTTAATAGCATTCCTCG
TCAAAATACCTCTCTATGGAGTCCACCTCTGACTGCCCAAAGCCCACGTAGAAGCACCCGTAGCCGGCTC
TATAGTCCTTGCGGCTGTTCTCCTGAAACTTGGGGGCTACGGCATTATGCGAGTCCTCACAATCCTTGAA
CCTCTAACTAAAGAAATGTCATACCCATTTATTATCCTTGCCCTATGGGGCATTATTATGACAGGATCAA
TTTGTCTACGACAAACGGACCTTAAAGCTCTCATCGCATACTCCTCTGTTAGCCACATAGGCCTTGTCGT
AGCAGGAATCCTCTCCCAAACCCCCTGAGGACTGACAGGAGCCCTCATTTTAATAATTGCCCACGGATTA
ACCTCTTCCGCACTATTCTGCTTAGCAAATACTAACTACGAACGAACACATAGCCGCACAATAGTCCTGG
CCCGAGGACTACAAATAGCCCTCCCCCTGATAGCGACCTCATGATTCATTGCCAGCCTAGCAAACCTAGC
TCTTCCCCCTCTCCCCAATCTAATGGCTGAACTAATAGTTATCTGCACAATATTTGACTGATCCCCCTGA
ACCCTTATCCTGACAGGAGCAGGCACTCTAATTACAGCTGGCTACTCACTCTATATATTCTTAATATCCC
AACGAGGCCAACTTCCTTCCCATATAACTGCCCTCCCTCCATCCTACTCTCGCGAACATCTCCTTATTGC
CCTTCACCTTATTCCCCTCTTACTACTTATCCTTAAGCCCGAACTGATTTGAGGCTGAACATAACCGTCA
GCGTAGTTTAACCAAGACGCTAGGTTGTGATTCTAGAAATGGTGGTGAAACCCCTCTCGGTGACCGAGGG
AGGCCTGCCGGGCAGAGAGGGGCTGCTACCCACTCTTCCCCTAGGTTGAACTCCTAGGTTCTCCTCGCAT
CAAAAGCTACTGAAGGATAACAGTCATCCGTTGGTCTTAGGTACCAAAAACTCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGC
ATTAGCTATGCACTCCAGCACATTAATCCTGGCCTCTAGCCTTACCCTTGTATTAGTACTTTTAACTCTT
CCAATCTTTACCACCCTCAGCCCAGAACCAAAAACCCCAGAATGAGCAACCTCTCAAGTCAAAACTACAG
TAAAAACAGCATTTTTCGTTAGCCTGCTCCCCCTCTTTATTTTCCTTAACGAGGGCACAGAAATGATCAT
CACAAACTGGAGCTGAATAAACACCTCCACCTTTGACATCAACCTCTCTTTTAAATTTGACCATTACTCA
ATCATTTTTGTACCCATCGCCCTATACGTCACCTGGTCTATTTTAGAATTTGCAAGTTGATACATACACT
CAGACCCATACATGAACCGCTTCTTCAAGTACCTACTAATCTTTCTTATCGCCATGGTCATCCTCGTTAC
AGCAAACAATATATTCCAACTGTTCATTGGATGAGAAGGGGTTGGCATTATATCCTTCCTTCTAATCGGA
TGGTGGTACGGCCGATCGGATGCAAACACAGCTGCTCTCCAAGCGGTTCTTTATAACCGAGTAGGAGATA
TCGGCCTAGTTCTAGCCATAGCTTGAATAGCAATAAACCTAAACTCATGAGAACTTCACCATCTCTTTGT
CTGCTCAAAACACTACGACCTTACCCTCCCTCTCCTGGGTCTAATCCTAGCCGCTACAGGCAAATCCGCA
CAATTTGGCCTTCACCCCTGACTCCCCTCAGCCATAGAAGGCCCCACCCCTGTCTCCGCCCTACTTCACT
CAAGCACTATGGTTGTTGCGGGAATTTTCTTACTTGTTCGAACAAACCCACTAATAGAATACAACCAGAC
AGCCCTCACAACATGTCTATGCTTAGGAGCCCTAACAACTGTATTCACCGCCACCTGTGCTCTTACCCAA
AACGACATCAAAAAAATCGTTGCATTTTCTACATCCAGCCAACTCGGCCTCATGATAGTAACCATCGGCC
TTAATCAACCACAACTTGCATTCCTCCACATCTGCACACACGCCTTCTTCAAAGCAATACTATTTCTATG
CTCGGGCGCAATTATTCACAGCCTCAATGATGAACAAGACATCCGGAAGATGGGAGGAATACACCACCTA
ACCCCCTTTACCTCCTCATGTCTCACCCTTGGCAGCCTTGCTCTCACAGGCACTCCCTTCCTTGCTGGCT
TCTTCTCCAAAGATGCCATTATCGAATCACTTAACACCTCCTGCTTAAGCGCCTGAGCCCTAACCCTAAC
CCTCATCGCAACCTCTTTTACAGCAATCTACAGCCTCCGAGTTGTATTCTTTGTGTCAATAGGCCACCCA
CGATTCAACGCTCTTTCCCCTATCAACGAAAACAACACCGCAGTCATTAACCCCATTAAACGACTTGCCT
GAGGAAGCATTATCGCCGGCCTCCTTATCACCTCAAACATTGTCCCATTAAAAATCCCAGTCATAACCAT
ACCACCTGCCCTTAAACTTGCCGCCCTGATAGTCACCATTGCAGGCCTACTAATCGCCCTAGAACTTGCA
TCACTAACAGCCAAACAATTTAACCCAACACCTAACCTACCCACCCACCATTTTTCTAACATGCTGGGAT
TCTTCCCATCGGTTGTTCACCGCCTAGCTCCCAAAATCAACCTCACCCTTGGCCAACTAATTGCTAGCCA
AATAGTCGACCAAACTTGATTAGAGAAATCAGGGCCTAAAGCCGTGTCTACAATTAACCTCCCTCTAATT
ACATCCACAAGTAATGCTCAACGAGGTATGATTAAAACTTACCTCATCATGTTCGTGCTTACACTCGCAC
TAGCGATCCTCGCAACCTCATTCTAAACCGCACGAATTGTGCCTCGAGCTAGTCCTCGAACCAACTCTAA
TACAACGAATAAAGTGAGTAATAATACTCAAACACTTAAAATTAATATCCCCCCTCCTGACTCATACATT
AAAGCCACCCCCTCCACATCCCCTGCAAAAGGCGAAAACCAATCAGCCACCCCATCCGACGCCAAATCCC
CCCCTTCTCAATAGTACAAGTAAGTCAAAGTCGCCCCCACTACTGCAAATGTATACAAATACATTGCCAC
CCCCGGCCCCGCACGAAGCCAAGCCTCAGGGTAAATCTCTGCAGCAAGGGCTGAACTGTAAGCGAAGACA
ACAAGCATTCCCCCAAGATAAATTAAAAACAATACCAAAGCTAGGAAAGACCCCCCATAACTGGTTAAAA
GTCCACACCCAGCCCATGCCACCACTACAAGAGCTAAAGCTGCATAATAAGGCGACGGATTAGAAGCAAC
CCCAATCAACCCTAACACCATCCCAACCGTAAACAGAATAACTAAAAAAGACATAATTTCCTCCAGGATT
CTAACCAGGACCAATGTCTTGAAAAACCACCGTTGTTATTCAACTAAAGAAACTATTAATGGCAAGTCTC
CGAAAAACTCACCCTCTACTAAAAATTGCAAACGACGCCCTAGTTGACCTCCCCGCACCCTCAAACATCT
CTGTCTGATGAAACTTTGGCTCTCTCCTGGGACTCTGTTTGGCCTCCCAAATCCTTACAGGACTTTTTCT
AGCTATACACTACACTTCCGACATCGCCACAGCCTTTTCATCCGTAGCACATATCTGCCGAGACGTAAAC
TACGGATGACTTATCCGGAACATGCACGCCAACGGCGCTTCCTTCTTCTTCATCTGCATCTACCTTCACA
TCGGCCGAGGACTTTACTACGGGTCATACTTGTACAAAGAGACATGAAACACAGGGGTTATTCTCCTCCT
ACTAGTAATAATAACAGCATTCGTGGGCTATGTTCTCCCCTGAGGACAAATATCCTTCTGAGGTGCAACC
GTCATTACAAACCTCCTCTCAGCCGTTCCTTACGTGGGCAACACCCTAGTTCAATGGATTTGAGGGGGCT
TCTCCGTCGACAACGCAACACTTACCCGATTCTTCGCCTTCCACTTTCTTTTCCCCTTTGTAATCGCAGC
TGCTGTAGTACTCCACCTGTTATTCCTTCACGAAACCGGGTCAAACAACCCACTAGGACTAAACTCAGAC
GCAGACAAAATCTCGTTCCATCCTTACTTCTCTTACAAAGACCTCCTAGGATTTGCAGCCCTCCTTATTG
CTCTTACATCTCTTGCGTTATTCGCCCCCAACATTCTTGGAGATCCAGACAAGTTTACACCTGCAAACCC
ACTTGTGACGCCCCCACACATCAAACCCGAGTGGTACTTCTTGTTTGCGTATGCAATCCTACGATCTATC
CCAAACAAGCTGGGAGGAGTGCTTGCCCTTCTTTCATCAATTTTGGTTCTAATAGTCGTACCGCTCTTGC
ACACATCTAAACAACGAAGTATCGCATTTCGACCAGTTACACAGTTCCTATTTTGAGCTCTTGTAGCAGA
CGTCGTAATTCTTACATGGATCGGGGGGATGCCTGTTGAACACCCCTTTATTATTATCGGACAAATTGCC
TCCTTCTTATACTTCTTCATATTCTTAATTCTTGCCCCCTTGGCCGGATGACTAGAAAACAAGGCGCTAA
ACTGGTCTTGCACTAGTAGCTTAATATAAAGCACCGGTCTTGTAAACCGGAAAATGGAGGTTTAACTCCT
CCCTGTTGCTCAGAGAAGAAGGATTTTAACCTCCACCTCTAGCTCCCAAAGCTAGAATCCTATAGTTAAA
CGATTCTCTGGCAGTGCATATACACTGTATTATTATCATATCATTATTTTAACCAGAACATGCATAGCTC
TCAAGAGCATACATGTAATTTCACCATTACATTAACCTAAACATTCATACATCAACATTAATTTAAGACG
TATACAAACCTAAGCCCCAAGAAACCCTATCATTTAAGGACAACTGAGAGATTTAAGACTCAACCCCTTA
GTCCAAACCACCATACAAACCAAGTACCCACATCCCGTTCAATTGTTGTAAACCTGCGCAGTAAGAGCCC
ACCAACAAGCACATATCTCAATGCATTCGTTTCTTGATGATCAGGGATAACCCGCCGTGGGGGTCACTAA
CCTCACATTATTACTGGCATTTGGTTCCTATTTCAGGAACATTCCCTACTTTACTCCCCATTCTTTTATC
GACCCTTGCATAAGTTAATGCGGTAAATACCTACTCCTCATTACCCAACATGCCGGGCGTTCTCTCCACG
GGGTCAAGGGGTTTTCCTTTTTGGTTTCCTTTCACTTCGCATTTCAGAGTGCACACTAAAACCAGCTGAC
AAGGTTGAACATTTTTCTTGCCGCAGGGAAAATGGTGAATGGTGTAAAGATATTACGTGAGAATTGCATT
ACTGGATATCAAGAGCATAATGCTCACTTCCCACTTAGGAGATTAAGTGCCCCGGGGTGTTTTCACTTAA
AAATTTGTCTTCCCCCCCCTCCCCCCCCCCCAGACTCCCTGTAAAAACCACTACCCCTTCTTTTAAAAAG
ACATCCCCCTAAATAAGCCCCAAGTTTCTTCCCCAAATCTCTCATTATATTGCATAAATTATTATAACGG
TTGCAAAATCAAAAAATTTTCTCCAAATTATTATAATGTAAATATTTTATTAAGGCAATTGCCAGCAAAT
TTCAATTGAATTTCCCCGACA
Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

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How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.