Viewing data for Alauda arvensis


Scientific name Alauda arvensis
Common name Eurasian skylark
Maximum lifespan 10.10 years (Alauda arvensis@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 17018 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 8124 8894 5618 2506 3913 4981
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 477 523 330 147 230 293
Base content (%) 47.7% 52.3%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11378 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 5595 5783 4094 1501 2577 3206
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 492 508 360 132 226 282
Base content (%) 49.2% 50.8%
D-loop: No data available for this section.
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1541 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 683 858 401 282 372 486
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 443 557 260 183 241 315
Base content (%) 44.3% 55.7%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2560 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 1221 1339 683 538 511 828
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 477 523 267 210 200 323
Base content (%) 47.7% 52.3%
12S rRNA gene (size: 973 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 487 486 275 212 192 294
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 501 499 283 218 197 302
Base content (%) 50.1% 49.9%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1587 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 734 853 408 326 319 534
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 463 537 257 205 201 336
Base content (%) 46.3% 53.7%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 338 346 268 70 150 196
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 494 506 392 102 219 287
Base content (%) 49.4% 50.6%
ATP8 (size: 168 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 79 89 70 9 33 56
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 470 530 417 54 196 333
Base content (%) 47.0% 53.0%
COX1 (size: 1551 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 770 781 510 260 358 423
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 496 504 329 168 231 273
Base content (%) 49.6% 50.4%
COX2 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 332 352 226 106 155 197
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 485 515 330 155 227 288
Base content (%) 48.5% 51.5%
COX3 (size: 784 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 403 381 283 120 180 201
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 514 486 361 153 230 256
Base content (%) 51.4% 48.6%
CYTB (size: 1143 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 548 595 399 149 287 308
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 479 521 349 130 251 269
Base content (%) 47.9% 52.1%
ND1 (size: 978 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 492 486 346 146 236 250
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 503 497 354 149 241 256
Base content (%) 50.3% 49.7%
ND2 (size: 1040 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 496 544 380 116 239 305
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 477 523 365 112 230 293
Base content (%) 47.7% 52.3%
ND3 (size: 351 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 176 175 130 46 88 87
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 501 499 370 131 251 248
Base content (%) 50.1% 49.9%
ND4 (size: 1378 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 679 699 521 158 303 396
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 493 507 378 115 220 287
Base content (%) 49.3% 50.7%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 154 143 113 41 71 72
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 519 481 380 138 239 242
Base content (%) 51.9% 48.1%
ND5 (size: 1818 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 881 937 656 225 412 525
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 485 515 361 124 227 289
Base content (%) 48.5% 51.5%
ND6 (size: 519 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 252 267 195 57 69 198
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 486 514 376 110 133 382
Base content (%) 48.6% 51.4%

ATP6 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 24 (10.57%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 63 (27.75%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (1.76%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 15 5 3 15 36 6 3 8 0 1 1 3 0 2 7
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 0 4 11 2 0 0 4 4 0 0 8 8 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 9 1 0 7 5 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 0 9 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 5 0 0 1 2 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 4
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
36 92 68 32
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
22 69 33 104
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
12 107 95 14
ATP8 (size: 168 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLNPNPWFFTMLATWLTFSLIIQPKLLTFLSTNPPTSKAPTIPKTTPWTWPWT*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 11 (20.0%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 0 (0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 7 (12.73%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 10 (18.18%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (7.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 0 (0%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (9.09%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 0 (0%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (3.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (5.45%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
1 2 1 0 3 3 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 3 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 4 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
2 18 23 13
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
6 25 9 16
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
1 27 24 4
COX1 (size: 1551 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 47 (9.11%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (5.23%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 38 (7.36%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 37 (7.17%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 62 (12.02%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 39 (7.56%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 25 (4.84%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 30 (5.81%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 43 (8.33%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 15 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (1.94%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 16 (3.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 19 (3.68%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.74%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.55%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
4 35 18 4 16 33 7 2 9 0 4 9 21 3 9 34
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 0 1 6 28 13 0 6 20 17 4 3 9 16 2 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
15 18 1 0 14 10 0 0 3 1 16 0 0 2 14 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
17 8 2 2 13 9 0 1 1 6 0 0 1 0 0 17
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
156 126 131 104
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
77 139 95 206
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
27 245 197 48
COX2 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 19 (8.37%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 29 (12.78%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 3 (1.32%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 6 8 3 10 14 1 1 6 1 2 11 4 1 1 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 0 3 3 12 4 0 1 4 2 1 2 5 4 1 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
4 11 1 3 5 5 0 0 5 1 7 0 0 5 3 1
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
7 9 2 2 10 3 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
68 61 59 40
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
27 63 58 80
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 102 80 35
COX3 (size: 784 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 20 (7.69%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 23 (8.85%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (6.92%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 20 (7.69%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.38%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (6.54%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 30 (11.54%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (2.69%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.0%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.23%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 8 (3.08%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 16 (6.15%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.92%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 14 6 3 12 14 1 0 8 0 3 6 8 0 4 20
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 1 2 15 5 1 0 11 8 1 2 8 3 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
11 7 1 2 6 5 0 0 5 2 9 0 0 0 4 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
13 8 0 0 4 4 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
72 72 56 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 69 55 94
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
5 142 90 24
CYTB (size: 1143 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 24 (6.32%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 28 (7.37%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 25 (6.58%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 24 (6.32%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.05%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (5.26%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 69 (18.16%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 32 (8.42%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (6.32%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 29 (7.63%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (3.16%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 11 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 20 (5.26%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (1.84%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.16%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.63%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
7 25 4 8 24 29 4 3 6 1 1 12 7 0 6 23
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 4 4 14 9 1 0 11 11 2 2 8 14 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 11 1 1 12 10 0 0 2 2 10 0 1 5 15 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 7 0 1 7 10 0 2 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
87 116 94 84
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
49 99 77 156
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 184 137 47
ND1 (size: 978 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 14 (4.31%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 32 (9.85%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 24 (7.38%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 17 (5.23%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.92%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 15 (4.62%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 67 (20.62%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 25 (7.69%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (3.08%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 26 (8.0%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 17 (5.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 15 (4.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 8 (2.46%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.23%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.38%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (4.0%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.85%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (0.92%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.15%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.46%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
6 19 4 6 16 31 13 1 6 0 1 7 6 1 8 9
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 1 2 2 15 14 1 1 7 5 1 5 12 7 2 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
7 9 0 0 13 5 0 1 5 3 12 1 0 1 12 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 8 3 0 4 6 1 4 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 7
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
76 109 79 62
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
40 93 59 134
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
30 144 112 40
ND2 (size: 1040 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 14 (4.06%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 34 (9.86%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (7.83%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (13.04%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 7 (2.03%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 65 (18.84%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 27 (7.83%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 17 (4.93%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (6.96%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (3.48%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.03%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.16%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 19 12 10 20 23 6 6 6 4 2 4 1 0 4 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 2 3 17 12 2 1 5 6 2 4 11 9 0 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 18 1 3 14 6 1 1 2 1 6 1 0 4 9 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 4 0 0 2 13 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
61 106 118 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
32 127 59 128
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 147 127 49
ND3 (size: 1040 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 14 (4.06%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 34 (9.86%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 27 (7.83%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 45 (13.04%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 7 (2.03%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 65 (18.84%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 27 (7.83%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 17 (4.93%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 24 (6.96%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 12 (3.48%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (2.03%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 2 (0.58%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 4 (1.16%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 10 (2.9%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 13 (3.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 19 12 10 20 23 6 6 6 4 2 4 1 0 4 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 0 2 3 17 12 2 1 5 6 2 4 11 9 0 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 18 1 3 14 6 1 1 2 1 6 1 0 4 9 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 4 0 0 2 13 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 9
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
61 106 118 61
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
32 127 59 128
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
23 147 127 49
ND4 (size: 1378 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 18 (3.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 39 (8.52%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 36 (7.86%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 38 (8.3%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 5 (1.09%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 8 (1.75%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 100 (21.83%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 43 (9.39%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 27 (5.9%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 30 (6.55%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 14 (3.06%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 12 (2.62%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (2.62%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 15 (3.28%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 15 (3.28%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 35 17 7 29 56 6 2 10 3 3 2 3 0 1 13
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
10 0 5 3 25 10 1 1 11 5 1 1 19 9 1 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
18 16 0 3 12 12 1 0 8 2 10 0 0 1 14 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
12 7 3 0 3 10 0 0 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 12
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
78 167 141 73
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
54 135 78 192
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
26 219 177 37
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (12.24%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 21 (21.43%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (6.12%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
0 2 5 4 4 11 0 2 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 5
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
3 1 2 0 8 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
5 2 1 1 5 2 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
20 33 24 22
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
14 29 17 39
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 51 31 10
ND5 (size: 1818 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 33 (5.45%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 50 (8.26%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 54 (8.93%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 64 (10.58%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 6 (0.99%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 24 (3.97%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 103 (17.02%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 53 (8.76%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 24 (3.97%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 31 (5.12%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 35 (5.79%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 14 (2.31%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (1.98%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 10 (1.65%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (1.82%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 24 (3.97%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 17 (2.81%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (1.98%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 20 (3.31%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.32%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 45 20 3 36 49 8 7 15 2 1 12 8 3 8 27
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
4 1 5 5 29 15 1 4 9 17 3 5 13 13 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
41 15 2 3 25 14 1 1 10 2 12 1 0 6 18 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 10 1 0 10 20 0 1 2 5 0 1 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
128 164 197 117
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
71 188 108 239
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
26 304 220 56
ND6 (size: 519 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 30 (17.44%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 14 (8.14%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 12 (6.98%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 3 (1.74%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 35 (20.35%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 27 (15.7%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 3 (1.74%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 7 (4.07%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 4 (2.33%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 9 (5.23%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 7 (4.07%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (2.33%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 5 (2.91%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 2 (1.16%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 1 (0.58%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (2.91%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 0 1 4 0 1 5 9 0 1 13 1 8 13 9 0
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
6 1 0 6 0 3 5 7 2 2 19 4 0 0 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 1 1 6 0 2 3 1 0 6 1 1 8 2 0 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 0 2 4 1 1 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 1 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
86 20 17 50
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
41 32 19 81
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
68 5 33 67
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11395 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 225 (5.93%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 325 (8.56%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 281 (7.4%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 320 (8.43%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 30 (0.79%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 191 (5.03%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 670 (17.65%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 283 (7.46%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 156 (4.11%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 230 (6.06%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 219 (5.77%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 110 (2.9%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 106 (2.79%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 68 (1.79%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 87 (2.29%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 132 (3.48%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 95 (2.5%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 104 (2.74%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 84 (2.21%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 71 (1.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
61 222 104 57 192 314 59 39 82 13 31 69 70 21 53 166
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
52 5 25 40 183 89 13 22 89 78 36 30 106 87 7 36
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
152 122 10 24 119 77 6 4 51 21 89 4 9 26 106 13
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
91 73 14 9 59 82 2 10 17 40 4 1 2 4 3 102
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
896 1122 1033 746
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
490 1101 687 1519
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
255 1736 1364 442 

>NC_020425.1 Alauda arvensis mitochondrion, complete genome
GTCCCTGTAGCTTATTCAAAGCATGACGCTGAAGACGTCAAGAAGGTCGCTGCACGCACCCAAGGACAAG
AGACTTAGTCCCAACCTTACAGTTGGTTGTTGCTAGAGATATACATGCAAGTATCCGCGCGCCAGTGTAG
ACGCCCTAGGTACCCTACCCAGGTCGATAGGAGCAGGCATCAGGCACACCCACATCGTAGCCCAAGACGT
CTAGCATTTGCCACACCCCCACGGGTATCCAGCAGTAGTTAACATTAAGCAATGAGTGTAAACTTGACTT
AGTCATGGCAACTTAGGGGCGGTAAATCCTGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTCATACAGGAGACCCAAATCAACT
TTATAACGGCGTAAAGAGTGGTCACATGCTATCCAAGTAGCTAAGATAAAAAAGCAACTGAGCTGTCATA
AGCCAAAGATGCCCATAATACCTCCAACAAAGAAGATCTTAGACTAACGATTGATTGAACTCCACGAAAG
CCAGGACCCAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGCCTGGCCCTAAATCTTGATGCTCGATCTTACCGGA
GCGTCCGCCCGAGAACTACGAGCCCAAACGCTTAAAACTCTAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCCCTAAACCCACCT
AGAGGAGCCTGTTCTACAATCGATGATCCACGATATACCTTACCATTCCTAGCCAAATTCAGCCTATATA
CCGCCGTCGCCAGCCCACCCAACCTGAAGGCCCAACAGTGGACGCAATAGCCCCCCGCTAATAAGACAGG
TCAAGGTATAGCCTATGGAATGGCAGCAATGGGCTACATTTTCTAAGATAGAACATTACGGCAAAGGGGT
GTGAAATCGCCCCTAGAAGGCGGATTTAGCAGTAAAGTGGGACAATCGAGCCCTCTTTAAGCCGGCCCTA
GGGCACGTACATACCGCCCGTCACCCTCCTCAAAAGCGACCCCCCCCCCCCCCATAAATTAATAAGTTTC
CCAGCCAAAGAGGAGGTAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAAGTGTACCGGAAGGTGCACTTAGACTACCGAGACGTA
GCTTTAACAAAAGCACTCAGCTTACACCTGAAAGATATCCGACCACACCGGATCGTCTCGATGCCAAACC
CTAGCCCAATCTACCTGACCTGGAATAACAAAGCTACCCCCAAAACCCAACTAAAGCATTCACTAGTCCC
AGTATAGGCGATAGAAAAGACACCATTGGAGCGATAGAGATCACGTACCGTAAGGGAAAGGTGAAATAGA
AGTGAAAACTAAGCTAAAAACAGCAAAGATCAGCCCTTGTACCTTTTGCATCATGGTCTAGCAAGAAAAA
CCAAGCAAAATGAATTGAAGTTTGCCTCCCCGAAACCTAAGCGAGCTACTCGTGAGCAGCTAACTTGAGC
GAACCCGTCTCTGTTGCAAAAGAGTGGGATGACTTGCTAGTAGCGGTGAAAAGCCAACCGAGCTGGGTGA
TAGCTGGTTGCCTGTGAGACGAATCTAAGTTCACTCTTAATCCTTCTCCAAGGAAACCCCGAACCCTAAT
GAAGCGGATTAAGGGCAATTTAAAGGAGGGACAGCTCCTTTAAAAAAGAAAACAATCTCCACCAGCGGAT
AAGTAACTACTCCGATAACTAATGTGGGCCCTCAAGCAGCCATCAACAAAGAGTGCGTTAAAGCTCAACA
CCTCAAAAATATATAATCAACATGAATCCCTCACCACTAACAGGCCAACCTATCACAATAGGAGAATTAA
TGCTAGAATGAGTAACCAGGGTAAACCCCCTCTACGACGCAAGCTTACATCTGTACATTATTAACAAGCA
CCCAATATACGACTAATCCAACAAGCAGAGTATTAAACACCTTGTTAACCCGACAGAGGAGCGTCCGTTA
AGAAAGATTAAAACCTGTAAAAGGAACTCGGCAAACCCAAGGCCCGACTGTTTACCAAAAACATAGCCTT
CAGCAAACCAGAGAACAAGTATTGAAGGTGATGCCTGCCCGGTGACATAGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATCCT
AACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCGCAATCAATTGTCCCGTAAATCGGGACACGTATGAATGGCTAAACGAGGTCTT
AACTGTCTCTTACAGGCAATCGGTGAAATTGATCTCCCTGTGCAAAAGCAGGGATAACCCCATAAGACGA
GAAGACCCTGTGGAACTTCAAAAACAGCGACCACCCCAATATACATCCACACCCGGGCGCACTTATTCCT
AAAGCACTGGTTCGCATTTTTTCGGTTGGGGCGACCTTGGAGCAAAACAAAACCTCCAGAAATTGGACCA
TCCCTCCAGACTAAGAGCAACTCCTCAACGTGCCAACAGCACCCAGACCCAATATAATTGATCAATGGAC
CAAGCTACCCCAGGGATAACAGCGCGATCTCCCCCGAGAGTCCATATCGAAGGGGAGGTTTACGACCTCG
ATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTAGTGGTGCAGGGGCTACTAAGGGTTCGTTTGTTCAACGATTAACAGTCCT
ACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCGGTTTCTATCTATGATGAACTCTTCCTCGTACGAA
AGGATCGGAAAAGTGAGGCCAATACCACAAGCAAGCCTTCGCCTTAAGTAATGAAACCAACTCAATTACA
AAAGGCTATCACACCCCCCCCATCCTAGAAAAGGACCAGCTAGCGTGGCAGAGCTCGGTAAATGCAAAAG
GCTTAAGTCCTTTAACTCAGAGGTTCAAATCCTCTCCCTAGCTACCCCCATGACCAACCACCCCCTCCTA
ATTAACCTAATCATAGCCCTCTCCTACGCCCTCCCTATCCTAATCGCAGTCGCCTTTCTAACACTAGTAG
AACGCAAAATCCTTAGCTACATGCAAGGCCGAAAGGGCCCAAACATTGTTGGCCCTTACGGACTCCTCCA
ACCCCTGGCAGACGGAGTAAAACTGTTCATTAAAGAACCCATCCGTCCCTCCACATCCTCCCCAATTCTC
TTCATCGCAACCCCCATCCTGGCCCTACTCCTAGCCATCTCAATCTGAACCCCACTACCCCTTCCTTTTT
CCCTAGCAGACCTCAACCTAGGAGTACTGTTTCTGCTAGCCATGTCAAGCCTAGCAGTGTACTCCATCCT
ATGATCAGGCTGAGCCTCCAACTCAAAATACGCCCTAATCGGTGCACTACGAGCAGTAGCACAAACCATC
TCCTACGAGGTCACACTAGCAATCATCCTTCTATCCGTCATCCTCCTCAGCGGAAACTACACCCTTAGCA
CTCTTGCAATTACCCAAGAACCCCTATACCTCATCTTTCCCTGCTGACCCCTGGCCATGATATGATATGT
CTCCACACTGGCCGAAACAAACCGTGCCCCCTTTGACCTAACAGAAGGAGAGTCCGAACTAGTCTCCGGC
TTCAATGTAGAGTATGCAGCAGGGCCTTTTGCTCTATTCTTCCTAGCCGAATACGCCAACATCATACTCA
TAAACACACTAACCGCAATTCTGTTCTTTAACCCAAGTCTCCTCAACCCACCCCAAGAACTGTTCCCAGT
ACTACTGGCTACAAAAGTCCTACTCCTATCAGCGGGCTTCCTGTGAGTCCGTGCCTCCTACCCGCGTTTT
CGATATGACCAACTGATGCACCTACTATGAAAAAACTTCCTCCCTCTAACATTAGCCCTATGTCTGTGGC
ACATCAGCATGCCCATCTGCTACGCAGGCCTTCCACCGTACCTAAGGAGCCGGACGGAAATGTGCCTGAA
TACTCAAGGGCCACTGTGATAAAGTGGACATAGGGGTATACTAGTCCCCTCATTTCCATAAAACTTAGAA
AAGCAGGGATCGAACCTGCACTAAAGGGATCAAAGCCCTCCATACTCCCATTATATTATTTTCTAGTAGG
GTCAGCTAAATAAGCTATCGGGCCCATACCCCGAAAATGATGGTTTAACCCCTTCCCCTGCTAATGAACC
CCCAAGCAAAACTAATTTTTACCTCCAGTCTCATCCTAGGAACAACTATTACAATCTCAAGCAACCACTG
AGTTACGGCCTGAGCCGGGCTCGAAATCAACACACTTGCCATCCTCCCCCTAATCTCGAAATCCCACCAC
CCCCGAGCCATCGAAGCAGCCACCAAATATTTCCTCACACAAGCGGCTGCCTCCGCTCTCCTATTATTCT
CCAGCATAACAAATGCCTGACACACAGGACAATGAGACATTACCCAAATAACTCACCCAACATCATGCCT
CATCCTAACCTCCGCCCTTGCAATAAAACCAGGACTAGTTCCATTCCACTTTTGATTTCCCGAAGTACTC
CAAGGATCCCCACTCATTACCGGCTTATTACTCTCCACTGCCATAAAACTCCCACCAATCGCCCTACTTT
ACATGACAGCCCAGTCCCTAAACCCAACAATACTAACCGGTATAGCCATTCTCTCTGCAGCCCTAGGAGG
CTGAATGGGACTCAACCAGACACAGATCCGAAAAATCCTTGCCTTCTCTTCCATTTCCCACCTAGGCTGA
ATAACTGTCATCCTCGTCTACAACCCAAAACTCACCCTACTAAATTTTTACCTATACACCCTAATAACCG
CGGCCGTCTTCCTCACCCTAAACTCAACTAATACTACAAAACTACCCACCCTAATAACTGCATGAACCAA
AGCCCCTGCACTAAATACAATACTGATACTAACCCTACTCTCACTCGCAGGCCTCCCCCCTCTGACAGGC
TTCCTGCCCAAATGACTTATTATCCAGGAACTAACCAAACAAGACATGGCACCCGCAGCAACAATCATCT
CACTTCTTTCCCTTTTAGGGCTGTTCTTCTACCTGCGGCTTGCATACTGCGCAACAATCACCCTCCCCCC
ACACACCACAAACCACATGAAACTGTGGCACACCAACAAACCCATCCCCTCCTCAATTGCTATCTTAACC
GTCTTATCCACAACACTTCTCCCTCTATCCCCTATAATCTCTGCCACTATCTAAGAAACTTAGGATTACG
CAAACCGAAGGCCTTCAAAGCCTTAAACAAGAGTTAGACCCTCTTAGTTTCTGCTAAGACCCGCAGGATT
CTACCCCGCATCCTCTGAATGCAACCCAGATACTTTAATTAAGCTAGGGCCTCTCAAGTTCAACTAGACA
GATGGGCCTCGATCCCATAATCCTATAGTTAACAGCTATATGCCCTAACCAACAGGCTTCTGCCTAAGAC
CCCGGCACACAATTAATGCGCATCAATGAGTTTGCAACTCACCATGAATTTCACTACAGGGCCGATAAGA
AGAGGAATTAAACCTCTGTAAAAAGGACTACAGCCTAACGCTTAAACACTCAGCCATCTTACCTATGACA
TTCATCAACCGATGACTATTTTCAACCAACCACAAAGACATTGGCACACTCTACCTAATCTTCGGCGCAT
GAGCCGGAATGGTAGGCACTGCCCTAAGCCTCCTAATCCGAGCAGAACTGGGTCAACCCGGCGCTCTGCT
AGGAGATGACCAAATCTACAACGTAGTAGTTACAGCCCATGCCTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTCATG
CCAATTATGATCGGAGGCTTCGGAAACTGACTAGTCCCCCTAATAATCGGTGCACCAGACATAGCATTTC
CCCGAATAAACAACATAAGCTTCTGACTCCTACCCCCATCCTTCCTTCTCCTACTAGCCTCCTCCACAGT
CGAAACAGGTGTAGGAACAGGCTGAACAGTCTACCCCCCACTAGCCGGCAACCTAGCCCACGCCGGAGCC
TCAGTCGACCTAGCCATCTTCTCCCTGCATCTGGCAGGCATCTCATCAATCCTAGGCGCCATCAATTTCA
TCACCACAGCCATCAACATAAAACCACCCGCCCTCTCCCAATACCAAACGCCCCTGTTCGTATGATCAGT
CCTAATCACTGCCGTACTCCTACTCCTTTCCCTCCCAGTCCTAGCCGCCGGCATCACCATGCTCCTCACT
GACCGCAATCTTAACACCACCTTCTTCGACCCTGCAGGTGGAGGAGACCCGGTACTCTACCAACACCTAT
TCTGATTCTTCGGTCACCCGGAGGTCTACATCCTAATCCTCCCAGGATTCGGCATCATCTCCCACGTTGT
AGCCTACTACGCAGGCAAAAAAGAGCCATTCGGATACATAGGAATAGTATGAGCAATACTATCCATCGGA
TTCCTAGGCTTTATCGTATGAGCCCACCACATATTCACTGTAGGCATAGACGTAGACACCCGAGCATACT
TCACATCAGCCACCATAATCATCGCCATCCCAACCGGTATCAAAGTGTTCAGCTGACTAGCCACACTGCA
CGGAGGAACAATCAAATGAGACCCCCCAATACTATGAGCCCTAGGATTCATCTTCCTATTCACCATCGGA
GGCTTAACAGGGATTGTACTTGCAAACTCCTCACTGGACATCGCCCTCCACGATACATACTACGTAGTTG
CTCACTTCCACTACGTACTATCCATAGGGGCCGTATTTGCAATCCTAGCAGGGTTTACCCACTGATTCCC
CCTATTCACAGGATATACCCTCCACTCCACATGAGCTAAAGCTCACTTTGGCGTAATATTCGTAGGGGTG
AACCTCACCTTCTTCCCTCAACACTTCCTAGGCCTAGCCGGCATGCCACGACGATACTCAGACTACCCAG
ACGCCTACACACTATGAAACACCATCTCCTCAGTAGGCTCCCTAATCTCAATAACAGCCGTAATCATGCT
AGTGTTTATCATCTGAGAAGCTTTCGCATCCAAACGTAAAGCCCTCCAACCAGAATTAACAAACACCAAC
ATCGAATGAATACACGGCTGCCCACCTCCATTCCACACCTTTGAAGAACCAGCTTTCGTTCAAGTCCAAG
AAAGGGAGGAGTTGAACCCCCATATGCTGGTTTCAAGCCAGCCGCATATACTGCTTATGCTTCTTTCTCA
TCAGGGGCGTTAGTAAAACAATTACATAGCCTTGTCAAGGCTATATTGCAGGTGAAACCCCTGCACACCC
CACCAAACATGGCCAACCACATACAATTCGGTTTTCAAGACGCATCCTCTCCCATTATAGAAGAACTAAC
ACAATTCCACGACCACGCCCTCATAGTCGCCCTAGCCATTTGCAGCCTAGTCCTCTACCTCTTAACTGTC
ATGCTAACAGAAAATCTCACATCAAACACAGTCGACGCCCAAGCAATCGAGCTCGTCTGAACAATCCTCC
CAGCTGCCGTCCTAATCATACTTGCACTACCTTCCCTACGCATTCTTTATATAATAGACGAAGTTAATGA
GCCCAACCTCACACTAAAAGCCATCGGCCACCAGTGATACTGAACCTACGAATACACGGACTTCAAAGAC
CTAACATTCGACTCCTACATAACACCTACAACCGATCTCCCACTAGGCCACTTCCGTCTGCTAGAAGTCG
ACCATCGCGTTATTGTCCCAACAAGCTCTACAGTGCGAGTCATTGTCACCGCTGATGACGTACTACACTC
ATGAGCCGTCCCCAGCCTAGGCGTAAAAACTGACGCCATCCCAGGACGACTCAATCAAACCTCATTCCTT
GCTTCCCGACCCGGCATTTACTACGGACAATGCTCAGAAATCTGCGGGGCAAATCACAGCTTCATGCCCA
TTGTAGTAGAAGCCGCCCCGCTCGCCAATTTCGAAAGCTGATCCACTCTAATATCATCTTAACCATTAAG
AAGCTATGCACCAGCGCTAGCCTTTTAAGCTAGAGAAAGAGGACACACCCCCTCCTTAATGATATGCCAC
AACTCAACCCAAACCCCTGATTCTTCACCATACTCGCCACATGATTAACATTCTCACTAATCATTCAACC
CAAACTCCTAACATTCCTATCTACCAACCCCCCTACCAGCAAAGCCCCCACAATCCCCAAAACCACTCCC
TGAACCTGACCATGAACCTAAGCTTCTTCGACCAATTCTCAAGCCCCTCACTCCTAGGAATCCCCCTAAT
CCTAATCTCCCTCACATTCCCCGCCCTCTTACTCCCCTCCCCCGGCAACCGATGAATGACCAGCCGCCTC
TCAACCCTACAACTATGATTCATCAACCTAATCACCAAACAACTAATAACCCCACTAAACGAAAAGGGAC
ACAAATGAGCTCTAATCCTAACCTCCCTAATAATCTTCCTCCTGCTCATCAACCTACTAGGCCTATTACC
ATACACCTTTACCCCAACCACCCAACTATCAATAAACCTAGCCCTGGCCTTCCCACTATGACTGGCTACC
CTTCTCACAGGCCTACGCAACCAACCCTCCACCTCCCTAGCACACCTCCTCCCAGAAGGAACCCCAACAC
CCCTAATCCCAGCCCTCATTCTAATCGAAACAACAAGCCTACTAATCCGCCCCCTGGCCCTTGGAGTTCG
CCTAACAGCCAACTTAACAGCCGGCCACCTCCTGATCCAACTAATTTCCACGGCCACAATAGCACTCGCC
TCAACAATGCCAGCTATCTCCCTTCTAACCCTACTCATTCTACTCCTACTAACCATTCTAGAAGTAGCTG
TAGCCATAATCCAAGCCTACGTATTTGTCCTGCTACTAAGCCTATACCTACAAGAAAACATCTAGCCCCA
ATGGCACACCAAGCACATTCTTATCACATAGTAGACCCAAGCCCATGACCCATCTTCGGAGCAGCCGCCG
CCCTCCTAACCACTTCCGGCCTAACCATATGATTCCACTACAACTCCCCTCAACTTCTCATTGCAGGCCT
TATCTCAACCCTCCTAGTCATATTCCAATGATGACGCGACATCGTACGAGAAAGCACATTCCAAGGCCAC
CACACCCCCACCGTACAAAAAGGACTACGCTACGGCATAATCCTATTCATCACATCAGAAGCCTTCTTCT
TCCTAGGCTTCTTCTGAGCATTCTTCCACTCAAGCCTAGCCCCCACCCCTGAACTAGGAGGCCAATGACC
CCCCGTCGGCATTAAACCCCTAAACCCAATAGAAGTCCCCCTTCTAAACACCGCCATCCTCCTAGCCTCA
GGGGTAACCGTCACATGAGCCCACCACAGCATCACGGAAGCTAGCCGAAAACAAGCCATCCATGCCCTCA
CCCTCACAGTCATCCTGGGCTTCTACTTTACAGGCCTCCAAGCCATAGAATACTACGAAGCCCCCTTCTC
TATCGCCGACGGAGTTTATGGCTCCACCTTCTTTGTAGCCACCGGATTCCATGGACTCCACGTAATCATC
GGCTCCACATTCCTCCTAGTTTGCCTCCTCCGCCTAATCAAATACCACTTCACATCAAACCACCACTTTG
GATTTGAAGCGGCCGCTTGATACTGACACTTCGTAGACGTAGTTTGACTATTCCTCTACGTCTCCATCTA
CTGATGAGGATCCTGCTCTTCTAGTATACTAATTACAATCGACTTCCAATCCTTAGAATCTGGTTTAACC
CCAGAGAAGAGCAATGAACATAATCCTATTCATATTCACCCTATCCCTCTCCCTAAGCATCGCCCTAACC
GCCCTAAACTTCTGACTCGCCCAAATAACCCCCGACTCCGAAAAACTATCCCCCTACGAATGTGGCTTCG
ACCCCCTAGGGTCCGCTCGACTCCCGTTCTCTATTCGATTCTTCCTGGTAGCAATCTTATTTTTACTATT
CGACCTAGAAATCGCCCTACTACTCCCCCTTCCCTGAGCTACTCAACTCCAAAACCCCATTACCACACTA
ACCTGAGCCTCCACCCTCATTGCCCTACTCACCCTGGGCCTTGTCTACGAATGAATCCAAGGGGGCCTAG
AATGAGCCGAATAACAGAAAGTTAGTCTAACCAAGACAGTTGATTTCGACTCAACAGATTATAGCACCCA
CCCTATAACTTTCTTTATGACCACACTTCACCTAAGCTTCTACTCCGCATTCGTCCTAAGCAGCCTCGGC
CTAGCCTTCCACCGAACCCACTTAATCTCTGCCCTTCTATGTTTAGAGAGCATAATACTATCAATGTATG
TCGCCCTAGCCATATGACCTATCCAAATACAGGCCCCATCCTCCACCCTACTCCCCATGCTCATACTTAC
GTTCTCCGCCTGCGAAGCGGGTACAGGACTAGCCCTACTAGTCGCCTCCACCCGTACCCACGGCTCAGAC
CACCTTCACAACTTCAACCTCCTACAATGCTAAAAATCATCATCCCAACCATCATACTCCTCCCCATAAC
CATCCTATCTCCGTGCAAACACCTATGAACCAACATCACAACTCACAGCCTACTAATTGCTGCCCTCAGC
CTCCAATGACTGACCCCCACATACTTCCCCAACAAAGGCCTAACCTTTTGAACCTCAATCGACCAAATCT
CCTCCCCCCTACTAGTCCTATCATGCTGACTCCTGCCTCTGATAATTTTAGCGAGCCAAAACCACCTAGA
ATCCGAGCCCCCAATCCGAAAACGAATCTTCATCTCAACAATAATCCTAGCACAGCCCTTCATTCTCCTA
GCCTTCTCAGCCTCAGAGCTCATGCTCTTCTACATCGCATTCGAAGCCACACTAATCCCCACCCTAATTC
TCATTACCCGCTGAGGAAACCAGCCAGAACGACTAAACGCCGGCATCTACCTGCTATTCTACACACTCGC
CAGCTCGCTACCCCTACTCATTGCCATCCTCCACCTACACAACCAAATCGGAACACTCTATTTCCCCATA
CTAAAACTCTCCCACCCCCCAATAACTGCCTCATGAACAAACCTAATGTGCGGCCTAGCCCTCCTCCTAG
CCTTCATAGTTAAAGCCCCCCTATATGGCCTACACCTATGACTACCCAAAGCCCATGTAGAAGCCCCAAT
CGCCGGCTCTATGCTCCTAGCTGCCCTACTACTAAAACTAGGCGGCTACGGCATTATACGAATCACAATC
CTGGTAGACCCATCACAGAGCAACCTACACTACCCCTTCATCACCCTAGCCCTATGAGGAGCCCTAATAA
CCAGCGCCATCTGCCTGCGACAAATCGACCTAAAATCTCTAATCGCCTACTCATCCGTCAGCCACATGGG
CCTAGTTGTTGCTGCAACTATAATCCAAACCCAATGAGCATTCTCAGGTGCAATAATTCTAATAGTAGCC
CATGGCCTAACCTCATCCATACTATTCTGCCTAGCCAACACAAACTACGAACGCACCCACAGCCGCATCC
TTCTACTCACACGAGGACTCCAACCCCTCCTACCACTTATGGCCACCTGATGACTTCTAGCCAATCTAAC
AAACATAGCCCTACCCCCCACAATCAACCTCATAGCAGAACTAACCATCATAATCGCACTATTCAACTGA
TCCTCCCTCACCCTCCTCCTAACAGGAACTGCAATCCTACTTACCGCCTCATACACCCTATACATGCTAC
TTATAACACAACGAGGGCCCCTACCATCCCACATCACATCACTTCAAAACTCCTCCACACGAGAGCATTT
ACTCATGGCACTACACATGATCCCCATGCTTCTCCTCATCCTCAAACCAGAACTCATCTCCGGCATCCCC
GCATGCAGGTATAGTTTCAACCAAAACATTAGACTGTGATCCTAAAAATAGAAGTTAGACCCTTCTTACC
TGCCGAGGGGGAGGATCACCCAGCAAGAGCTGCTAACTCTCGCTTCTGAGACTAAAACCTCAGCCCCCTT
ACTTTCAAAGGATAACAGTAATCCAATGGTCTTAGGAACCACTCATCTTGGTGCAAATCCAAGTGAAAGT
AATGGACCTACTCCTCACCCTCAACACACTAATATTAGTCACCCTAGCAACCCTAACCACCCCCATCATC
TTCCCCATACTCTCAAACAACCTCAAAAGTACACCCACAATCATCACAAATACCGTCAAAACCTCCTTCC
TAATCAGCCTCATCCCAATAACCATCTTCATTCACTCAGGGTCAGAAAGCCTAATCTCCCTCTGAGAATG
AAAATACATCATAAACTTCAAAATCCCCGTCAGCCTGAAAATAGACTTCTACTCCCTCACCTTCTTCCCA
ATCGCCCTCTTTGTATCCTGATCAATCCTCCAATTCGCGACATGATATATGGCCTCCGACCCCTACATTA
CAAAATTCTTTGTCTACCTCCTGTTTTTCCTAATCGCCATACTCATCCTAATCCTCGCCAACAACCTATT
CGTCCTATTTATCGGTTGGGAGGGAGTGGGAATCATATCTTTCCTTCTAATCAGCTGATGACACGGACGA
GCAGAAGCCAATACTGCCGCCCTCCAGGCAGTTCTCTACAACCGAGTGGGAGACGTAGGACTCATCCTAT
GCATGGCCTGACTAGCCTCCTCCACAAACACCTGAGAAATTAATCAACTCCCCTCCCCCCACCAAGCTCC
CACCCTCCCACTCCTAGGCCTCATCCTAGCCGCAACAGGCAAATCCGCCCAATTCGGCCTACATCCATGA
CTCCCAGCTGCCATAGAAGGACCAACCCCCGTATCCGCCCTACTCCACTCCAGCACCATAGTGGTCGCCG
GAATCTTCCTACTCATCCGAACCCACCCACTATTCGACACCAATCAGACCGCCCTCACTCTGTGCCTATG
TCTCGGTGCACTATCAACGCTATTCGCAGCCACGTGCGCCCTAACCCAAAACGACATCAAAAAAATTATC
GCCTTCTCTACTTCAAGCCAACTAGGCCTGATAATAGTCACCATCGGACTCAACCTGCCCCAACTAGCCT
TCCTACATATCTCGACCCACGCCTTCTTCAAAGCTATACTATTCCTATGCTCAGGTTCCATCATCCACAG
CCTCAATGGGGAACAAGACATCCGAAAAATGGGCGGATTACAAAAATTACTACCAACAACCACCTCATGC
TTAACCATCGGCAACCTTGCCCTAATAGGAACCCCTTTCCTCGCAGGTTTTTACTCAAAAGACCAAATCA
TTGAAAGCTTAAGCACCTCCTACTTAAACACCTGAGCCCTAGTACTAACCCTCCTAGCAACCTCCTTTAC
CGCAGTATACACAATCCGCATAACTGTACTAGTACAAACCGGCTTCGTCCGAATTCCTCCACTAGTCCCA
ATAAATGAAAACAACCCCGCAGTCACATCCCCAATCACCCGCCTAGCACTAGGAAGCATCACAGCCGGGT
TTCTCATCACCTCATACATCCCTCCCATAAAAACCCCTCCTACAACCATACCAACCTCCATCAAAATCAC
CGCCCTAATCGTAACCGCCCTGGGCATTGTCCTCGCACTAGAACTATCAAAACTAGCCCAAACTTTAATC
CTAACAAAACAAACTAACTTCTCCAACTTCTCCACCTCACTAGGATATTTCAACCCCCTCGCACACCGTC
TCGCTACAACCAACCTACTGTCCGGAGGACAAGACATTGCCTCCCACCTCATCGACCTTTCCTGATACAA
ACTAATCGGACCAGAAGGACTAGCAACCTCACAAATAGCTGCCTCCAAATTTGTCACCACCCTACACTCC
GGACTGATCAAAGCCTACCTAGGCTCTTTCGCACTATCCATCCTCATCATACTCATATCCTCATACAGAA
CCCCCTAATGGCACTCAACCTACGTAAAAATCACCCACTCCTAAAAATCGTAAATGACTCCCTAATTGAC
CTCCCAACACCATCCAACATCTCATCCTGATGAAATTTTGGATCCCTCCTAGGCATCTGCCTAATCACGC
AAATCGTCACAGGCCTCTTACTAGCCATACACTACACAGCAGACACTTCCCTGGCTTTCGCCTCTGTCAC
ACACATTTGCCGAAACGTCCAATTCGGCTGACTAATCCGAAACCTCCACGCAAACGGGGCCTCCTTCTTC
TTCATCTGCATCTACTTCCATATCGGCCGAGGAATCTACTACGGCTCATACCTAAATAAAGAAACTTGAA
ACATTGGAGTCCTCCTCCTTCTGGCTCTAATAGCAACTGCCTTTGTAGGATATGTCTTACCTTGAGGACA
AATATCATTCTGAGGCGCTACAGTAATCACAAACCTATTTTCAGCAATCCCATACATCGGCCAAACCCTG
GTAGAATGAGCATGAGGCGGATTCTCAGTAGACAACCCCACTTTAACCCGATTCTTCGCCCTTCATTTCC
TCCTCCCATTCTTCATCGCAGGACTTACTCTAGTCCACCTCACCTTCCTCCACGAAACAGGATCAAACAA
CCCCCTAGGCATCCCATCAGATTGCGACAAAATCCCCTTCCACCCATACTACTCCACAAAAGACATCCTA
GGGTTCGCCCTCCTACTCATCCTCCTTGCCACCCTCGCCCTTTTCTCCCCCAACCTCCTGGGAGACCCAG
AAAACTTTACACCAGCCAACCCACTAGCCACACCCCCACACATCAAACCAGAATGATACTTCCTCTTTGC
ATATGCCATTCTTCGATCCATCCCCAACAAACTAGGCGGCGTACTAGCCCTCGCCGCGTCAGTCCTAGTC
CTATTCCTCATCCCACTCTTGCACACCTCCAAACTACGCTCAATAACCTTCCGTCCCCTATCACAAATTC
TATTTTGAGCACTAGTTGCCAACCTCCTAGTCCTAACTTGAGTAGGAAGCCAGCCCGTCGAACACCCATT
CATCATCATTGGACAACTCGCTTCCCTCAGCTACTTCACAATCATTCTAGTCCTATTCCCTCTTGTCTCC
ATCCTAGAAAATAAAATGCTAAAACTTTAGCCAACTCTAATAGTTTATAAAAACATTGGTCTTGTAAACC
AAAGATTGAAGACTACACCTCTTCTTAGAGTTCTCCACAAACTGCCCCCCCCCCTCACCCCCCAGGCAGT
TTTCAATTTGCCCCTGAGGTATGTGGTACTTCGCATTACTTTATTTACCCCATCATACATATAGTGTAAT
GTTGGACTTTCCATATAGTATGCAACTTCTCAAACAACCACTTCTCAAACATTTTCGCCCAAGAGATAAT
GTTCGTGCAGTTCCACAAGCAGGCACATTCTTGTTTCAGGGACCATCAAACCCAGCTAATCCAACCTACG
ACCAACGCAAGCGTCACCCGAGATCGACCATGCTTCACTGTGCTTAACAACCCACCGGAATACGAATAAT
GTCACAGTACACCTTTGCATTCCCGAAAGTCATAAACTTCGCCCACCTCCTACCCAGAATCCCTCTCCTA
CAAACGTCAGGTACTTCCAAGCCAGAGAACCAGGTTATCTATTGATCGTGCTTCTCACGAGAACCTAACT
ACCCCTGTCAGTTATGCCTTCGGTTATTGTCTTCAAGGGCACAACTAGCCTACTCTTGCTCTTTTGCGCC
ACCCGTGGTAACTTCAGGAACGCAAATAGCACCATTTCTACGACCTTGCTCTTCACAGATACAAGTGCTG
GGTGTGGTCGCTTTTACCTACTTTCCTTTACGCCGGCATTTTCCCTTTTTTCCTCTTGGTTTCTTTTTGG
GGTCTCTTCAATAAACCCTTCAAGTGCGTAGCAGGAGTTATCTACCTCTTGACATGTCCATCGCGTGGTC
GGCGAGCTACTGAATCCCCTCAAGCGCCCAACTTGTCATGGTTGAAGGATAAGCCGCCACACACACTAAC
ACTGATGCACTTTGACCCCATTCATGGGACCCGCGCCATTACCCATTAAGCAACGATTAATGTAATGGTC
ACCGGACATAATCTTATTATTTTTACCTTGCTGGAATATATAGTTAAACCCCTTAAATCCATCCATTTTT
TCATTTTTATCTTATCATATTACGTTAACGTAACCAATCATTTAACCTTATTTCCCAACCTTATTACAAA
TCATTTGTTTAATCACTTAATTTATTTACTTACACAATTCAAACTTTTCCCCAACTCTCCCACAAACCAC
CAATCAATCATCTTTTCATCATTAACACAACCCAAACACCTTAAAACAACCTCCACCTCCCTAATCAGAA
AGAAAGGAATTAAACCCTCATCACCAACTCCCAAAGCTGGCATTTTTAATTAAACTACTCTCTGAACCTC
CCTAAACAGCCCGAATCGCCCCTCGAGACAACCCTCGCACAAGCTCCATTACCACAAACAAAGTCAGCAG
CAGGCCTCAACCACCAATTAAAAACAGCCCAGCCCCCCGCGAGTAAAACATAGCCACCCCACTAAAATCC
TGCCGAACTGACAACAGCCCAACATTATCCACCGTCCCTACATCCACTGCCGAACCTAACACCCCACCCA
CAACAACCCCGACCAAAAGAACTAACCCTATCCCAATGCCATAACCAACTACCCCTCAATCAGCCCATGC
CTCAGGATAAGGGTCCGCTGCCAATGACACCGAATATACAAATACCACCAACATTCCCCCTAAATAAACC
ATAACCAATACTAAAGATACAAAAGACACCCCTAACCCCACTAATCAACCACACCCAGCAACAGACGCCA
CAACCAACCCTACCACCCCATAATAAGGAGAAGGATTAGACGCAACCGCTAATCCCCCTAGAGCAAAAAG
TGTACCTAAAAAAAGAACAAATTTCATCATAATTCCTGCCCAGCATTTCTCTGAGACCTACGACCTGAAA
AGCCGCCGTTATAGACTTTAACTACAGGAACTACACCTCACACCGACACAGACCAAAAGAAACCAGTCAT
ATTGACTTCACTGTATTAATACAAAGAAATCAATCCCATTGATTTCATTATATTAGTATAAAGAAATCAA
TCCCATTGATTTCATTATATTAGTATAAAGAAATCAATCCCATTGATTTCATTATATTAGTATAAAGAAA
TCAATCCCATTGATTTCATTATATTAGTATAAAGAAATCAATCCCATTGATTTCATTATATTAGTATAAA
GAAATCAATCCCATTGATTTCATTATATTAGTATAAAGAAATCAATCCCATCCCCCATAAAAATGACCAA
ACCCAAAT
Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.