Viewing data for Bos grunniens


Scientific name Bos grunniens
Common name Yak
Maximum lifespan 26.30 years (Bos grunniens@AnAge)

Total mtDNA (size: 16323 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 6366 9957 4210 2156 4454 5503
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 390 610 258 132 273 337
Base content (%) 39.0% 61.0%
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11335 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 4459 6876 3108 1351 3161 3715
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 393 607 274 119 279 328
Base content (%) 39.3% 60.7%
D-loop (size: 893 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 348 545 224 124 256 289
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 390 610 251 139 287 324
Base content (%) 39.0% 61.0%
Total tRNA-coding genes (size: 1509 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 551 958 321 230 431 527
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 365 635 213 152 286 349
Base content (%) 36.5% 63.5%
Total rRNA-coding genes (size: 2528 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 983 1545 542 441 597 948
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 389 611 214 174 236 375
Base content (%) 38.9% 61.1%
12S rRNA gene (size: 957 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 390 567 216 174 218 349
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 408 592 226 182 228 365
Base content (%) 40.8% 59.2%
16S rRNA gene (size: 1571 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 593 978 326 267 379 599
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 377 623 208 170 241 381
Base content (%) 37.7% 62.3%

ATP6 (size: 681 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 258 423 182 76 195 228
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 379 621 267 112 286 335
Base content (%) 37.9% 62.1%
ATP8 (size: 201 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 58 143 46 12 59 84
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 289 711 229 60 294 418
Base content (%) 28.9% 71.1%
COX1 (size: 1545 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 645 900 393 252 456 444
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 417 583 254 163 295 287
Base content (%) 41.7% 58.3%
COX2 (size: 684 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 254 430 155 99 195 235
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 371 629 227 145 285 344
Base content (%) 37.1% 62.9%
COX3 (size: 781 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 349 432 230 119 228 204
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 447 553 294 152 292 261
Base content (%) 44.7% 55.3%
CYTB (size: 1140 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 478 662 329 149 300 362
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 419 581 289 131 263 318
Base content (%) 41.9% 58.1%
ND1 (size: 956 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 394 562 277 117 253 309
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 412 588 290 122 265 323
Base content (%) 41.2% 58.8%
ND2 (size: 1042 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 368 674 284 84 286 388
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 353 647 273 81 274 372
Base content (%) 35.3% 64.7%
ND3 (size: 346 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 142 204 100 42 97 107
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 410 590 289 121 280 309
Base content (%) 41.0% 59.0%
ND4 (size: 1378 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 510 868 372 138 408 460
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 370 630 270 100 296 334
Base content (%) 37.0% 63.0%
ND4L (size: 297 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 104 193 69 35 98 95
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 350 650 232 118 330 320
Base content (%) 35.0% 65.0%
ND5 (size: 1821 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 722 1099 528 194 500 599
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 396 604 290 107 275 329
Base content (%) 39.6% 60.4%
ND6 (size: 528 bases) GC AT G C A T
Base content (bases) 195 333 155 40 110 223
Base content per 1 kb (bases) 369 631 294 76 208 422
Base content (%) 36.9% 63.1%

ATP6 (size: 681 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 11 (4.87%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 16 (7.08%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 14 (6.19%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 25 (11.06%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (4.87%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 44 (19.47%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 23 (10.18%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (5.75%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.75%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 13 (5.75%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 2 (0.88%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (0.44%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 3 (1.33%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 11 (4.87%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (3.98%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 6 (2.65%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 4 (1.77%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 10 11 6 5 20 3 10 9 0 0 1 8 2 7 6
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 0 4 8 4 0 1 2 6 2 2 5 6 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 17 0 2 0 6 0 2 4 2 0 0 0 5 6 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
2 3 0 0 1 4 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
42 66 82 37
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
24 62 37 104
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
10 54 109 54
ATP8 (size: 201 bases)
Amino acid sequence: MPQLDTSTWLTMILSMFLTLFIIFQLKISKHNFYYNPELTSTKMLKQNTPWETKWTKIYLPLLLPL*
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 0 (0%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 0 (0%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 4 (6.06%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 9 (13.64%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 0 (0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 13 (19.7%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 5 (7.58%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 4 (6.06%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 5 (7.58%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (6.06%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (4.55%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 3 (4.55%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.52%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (3.03%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 3 (4.55%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 3 (4.55%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 1 (1.52%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 6 (9.09%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 0 (0%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
3 2 3 1 1 3 1 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
2 5 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 2 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
3 15 27 22
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
3 18 20 26
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
6 13 37 11
COX1 (size: 1545 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 47 (9.14%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 40 (7.78%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 30 (5.84%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 38 (7.39%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.19%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 39 (7.59%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 59 (11.48%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 36 (7.0%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 34 (6.61%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 28 (5.45%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 42 (8.17%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 19 (3.7%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 17 (3.31%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 16 (3.11%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 9 (1.75%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 19 (3.7%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.17%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (3.31%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 9 (1.75%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.56%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
22 14 23 5 10 25 3 16 5 1 11 10 17 1 16 26
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
11 0 1 12 10 18 0 7 9 28 3 8 11 9 0 5
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 18 1 9 5 12 1 0 3 9 10 2 0 6 13 6
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
11 9 0 7 9 8 1 0 2 5 1 0 0 1 0 15
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
151 102 139 123
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
76 133 96 210
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
25 158 209 123
COX2 (size: 684 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 8 (3.52%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 9 (3.96%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 21 (9.25%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 17 (7.49%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.88%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 12 (5.29%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 34 (14.98%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 18 (7.93%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 16 (7.05%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 13 (5.73%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.85%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 10 (4.41%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 15 (6.61%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (2.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 7 (3.08%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 6 (2.64%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
12 6 14 6 0 11 5 11 5 1 2 4 6 0 3 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 2 3 1 4 1 1 3 3 1 2 3 7 1 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 11 2 4 3 8 1 1 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 13 2 8 2 4 2 2 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 5
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
54 54 67 53
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
26 55 61 86
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
19 46 107 56
COX3 (size: 781 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 20 (7.72%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 17 (6.56%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 18 (6.95%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 23 (8.88%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 15 (5.79%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 31 (11.97%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 15 (5.79%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (3.86%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 12 (4.63%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (9.27%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 11 (4.25%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (4.63%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (1.54%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (3.09%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 7 (2.7%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.7%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 17 (6.56%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 2 (0.77%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 5 (1.93%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
8 7 8 2 7 12 3 6 7 0 3 8 4 0 12 12
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 2 5 10 2 0 0 11 7 2 1 6 5 0 6
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 11 0 4 6 4 0 1 3 5 6 1 1 2 5 11
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
6 6 2 1 3 2 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
64 65 61 70
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
43 66 56 95
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
12 99 87 62
CYTB (size: 1140 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 25 (6.6%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 27 (7.12%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 28 (7.39%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (1.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 17 (4.49%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 59 (15.57%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 39 (10.29%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 14 (3.69%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (5.8%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 24 (6.33%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 16 (4.22%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (2.9%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 17 (4.49%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 6 (1.58%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 12 (3.17%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 10 (2.64%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.11%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
22 17 13 7 12 30 2 8 6 0 1 4 10 2 6 18
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 4 6 6 15 0 1 7 14 3 1 6 15 0 3
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
6 19 0 3 8 9 0 0 2 4 12 2 0 6 11 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
10 6 0 1 10 10 0 0 0 7 1 1 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
86 99 111 84
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
52 97 78 153
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
11 133 173 63
ND1 (size: 956 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 14 (4.42%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 28 (8.83%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 22 (6.94%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 20 (6.31%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.32%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 13 (4.1%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 57 (17.98%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 30 (9.46%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 21 (6.62%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 22 (6.94%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 18 (5.68%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (3.15%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 9 (2.84%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 3 (0.95%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (3.47%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 12 (3.79%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 7 (2.21%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (1.58%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 7 (2.21%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (2.52%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
9 21 19 4 10 28 4 11 7 0 1 3 8 1 8 10
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 0 1 3 8 16 1 1 7 5 1 4 8 10 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
3 15 1 1 7 11 1 1 1 5 5 1 0 3 9 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
3 9 2 1 2 7 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 8
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
69 88 92 69
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
34 90 55 139
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
14 99 161 44
ND2 (size: 1042 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 14 (4.05%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 18 (5.2%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (7.51%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 41 (11.85%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (3.18%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 53 (15.32%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 34 (9.83%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 42 (12.14%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (6.07%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 18 (5.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.6%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 13 (3.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 21 41 4 7 29 2 11 9 0 0 5 6 0 8 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 5 8 5 0 0 5 8 1 6 4 9 2 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 17 1 6 4 14 0 1 1 4 4 0 0 4 14 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 5 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
48 80 150 69
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
29 104 58 156
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 100 180 60
ND3 (size: 1042 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 14 (4.05%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 18 (5.2%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 26 (7.51%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 41 (11.85%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 0 (0%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 11 (3.18%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 53 (15.32%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 34 (9.83%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 42 (12.14%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 21 (6.07%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (4.62%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 8 (2.31%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 10 (2.89%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 0 (0%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 18 (5.2%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 9 (2.6%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 5 (1.45%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 13 (3.76%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 3 (0.87%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
13 21 41 4 7 29 2 11 9 0 0 5 6 0 8 8
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 0 0 5 8 5 0 0 5 8 1 6 4 9 2 9
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 17 1 6 4 14 0 1 1 4 4 0 0 4 14 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
5 5 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
48 80 150 69
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
29 104 58 156
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
7 100 180 60
ND4 (size: 1378 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 19 (4.15%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 27 (5.9%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 38 (8.3%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 34 (7.42%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 12 (2.62%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 90 (19.65%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 44 (9.61%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 42 (9.17%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 20 (4.37%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 22 (4.8%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 17 (3.71%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 13 (2.84%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (0.87%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 8 (1.75%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 23 (5.02%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 11 (2.4%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 10 (2.18%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
26 18 37 11 14 53 2 10 11 0 0 3 9 0 11 11
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
5 2 1 7 7 13 0 4 5 10 0 6 6 8 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
14 14 2 8 10 9 1 2 8 8 9 2 0 10 13 3
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
8 8 0 0 4 10 1 2 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 11
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
70 132 164 93
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
55 109 85 210
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
13 131 211 104
ND4L (size: 297 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 9 (9.18%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 10 (10.2%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 8 (8.16%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 21 (21.43%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 13 (13.27%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 4 (4.08%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 0 (0%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 5 (5.1%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 2 (2.04%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 3 (3.06%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 0 (0%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 1 (1.02%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
2 2 12 2 3 12 0 4 2 0 2 0 6 0 1 3
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
1 1 2 2 2 5 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 3 0 3 4 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 4 1 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
24 24 27 24
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
9 23 17 50
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
2 22 51 24
ND5 (size: 1821 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 28 (4.62%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 42 (6.93%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 51 (8.42%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 56 (9.24%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 4 (0.66%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 20 (3.3%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 89 (14.69%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 59 (9.74%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 36 (5.94%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 25 (4.13%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 45 (7.43%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 22 (3.63%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 12 (1.98%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 11 (1.82%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 11 (1.82%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 35 (5.78%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 17 (2.81%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 11 (1.82%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 24 (3.96%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 8 (1.32%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
31 28 34 7 21 46 3 8 16 1 6 5 9 0 15 30
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
2 1 3 6 17 18 1 4 11 12 1 1 14 9 1 8
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
17 30 1 13 10 16 0 2 10 8 14 2 4 10 25 2
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
9 10 1 1 10 23 1 1 4 3 0 0 0 1 0 10
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
112 138 222 135
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
64 162 132 249
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
18 228 245 116
ND6 (size: 528 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 26 (14.86%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 7 (4.0%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 11 (6.29%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 8 (4.57%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 1 (0.57%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 21 (12.0%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 18 (10.29%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 17 (9.71%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 10 (5.71%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 3 (1.71%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 16 (9.14%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 10 (5.71%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 4 (2.29%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 4 (2.29%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 9 (5.14%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 4 (2.29%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 1 (0.57%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 0 (0%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 4 (2.29%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 1 (0.57%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
16 1 3 1 0 1 1 10 0 1 9 0 4 8 15 1
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
7 1 0 4 1 2 0 9 1 2 14 3 0 0 0 4
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
0 1 3 5 0 1 1 4 0 7 3 2 5 4 0 0
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
0 2 7 4 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
67 8 47 54
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
36 25 33 82
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
52 7 30 87
Total protein-coding genes (size: 11400 bases)
Amino acid sequence:
Amino acid frequencies:
Glycine (Gly, G)
n = 219 (5.77%)
Alanine (Ala, A)
n = 250 (6.58%)
Serine (Ser, S)
n = 273 (7.19%)
Threonine (Thr, T)
n = 314 (8.27%)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
n = 22 (0.58%)
Valine (Val, V)
n = 183 (4.82%)
Leucine (Leu, L)
n = 594 (15.64%)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
n = 330 (8.69%)
Methionine (Met, M)
n = 261 (6.87%)
Proline (Pro, P)
n = 191 (5.03%)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
n = 243 (6.4%)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
n = 135 (3.56%)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
n = 104 (2.74%)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
n = 68 (1.79%)
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
n = 95 (2.5%)
Asparagine (Asn, N)
n = 164 (4.32%)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
n = 87 (2.29%)
Histidine (His, H)
n = 95 (2.5%)
Lysine (Lys, K)
n = 99 (2.61%)
Arginine (Arg, R)
n = 63 (1.66%)
Codon statistics:
AUU AUC AUA CUU CUC CUA CUG UUA CAA CAG GUU GUC GUA GUG UUU UUC
181 149 223 60 95 282 32 112 83 4 35 44 90 14 108 135
AUG UGU UGC GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU GGC GGA GGG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU
38 6 16 58 85 104 3 30 61 99 29 36 68 83 4 50
ACC ACA ACG UCU UCC UCA UCG AGU AGC UAU UAC UGG UUG AAU AAC CAU
84 167 13 59 58 98 5 15 38 60 75 12 13 60 104 36
CAC GAA GAG GAU GAC AAA AAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGA AGG UAA UAG UGA
59 80 15 25 43 90 9 7 11 41 4 1 0 7 0 92
Codons with 1st base G Codons with 1st base C Codons with 1st base A Codons with 1st base U
815 905 1222 856
Codons with 2nd base G Codons with 2nd base C Codons with 2nd base A Codons with 2nd base U
462 975 750 1611
Codons with 3rd base G Codons with 3rd base C Codons with 3rd base A Codons with 3rd base U
195 1125 1652 826

>NC_006380.3 Bos grunniens mitochondrion, complete genome
AACGCTATTAATATAGTTCCATAAATGTAAAGAGCCTCACCAGTATTAAATTTACTAAAAATTCCAATAA
CTCAACACAAACTTTGTACTCTAACCAAATATTACAAACACCACTAGCTAACAACACACATCCCCAAAAA
TGCATTGTCCAAACGGGGGAATACGTACATAATATTAATGTAATAAAGACATATTATGTATATAGTACAT
TAAATTATATGCCCCATGCATATAAGCAAGTACATAATTCCTATTGGTAGTACATAGTACATGAAATTAT
TAATCGTACATAACATATTATGTCAAACCTACTCCTAACAACATGTATACCCCTTCCACTAGATCACGAG
CTTAACTACCATGCCGCGTGAAACCAGCAACCCGCTAGGCGGAGGACTCCTCTTCTCGCTCCGGGCCCAT
GAACTGTGGGGGTCGCTATTTAATGAACTTTATCAGACATCTGGTTCTTTCTTCAGGGCCATCTCACCTA
AAACCGTCCACTCTTTCCTCTTAAATAAGACATCTCGATGGACTAATGGCTAATCAGCCCATGCTCACAC
ATAACTGTGCTGTCATACATTTGGTATTTTTTTATTTTGGGGGATGCTTGGACTCAGCTATGGCCGTCAA
AGGCCCCGACCCGGAGCATCTATTGTAGCTGGACTTAACTGCATCTTGAGCACCAGCATAATGATAGGCA
TGCACATATAGTCAATGGTCACAGGACATAGATTATATTATATATCCCCCCCTCCATAAAAATTCCCCCT
TAAATATTTACCACTACTTTTAACAGATTTTTCCCTAGTTGCTTATTTAAAATTTCCACACTTTCAATAC
TCAAATTAGCACTCCATATAAAGTCAATATATAAACGCAGGCCCCCCCCCCCCGTTGATGTAGCTTAATT
CAAAGCAAGGCACTGAAAATGCCTAGATGAGTCTCCCGACTCCATAAACACATAGGTTTGGTCCCAGCCT
TCCTGTTGACTCTTAATAAACTTACACATGCAAGCATCTACACCCCAGTGAGAATGCCCTCTAGGTTGTT
AAAATCAAGAGGAGCTGGCATCAAGCACACACCCCGTAGCTCACGACGCCTTGCTTAACCACACCCCCAC
GGGAAACAGCAGTGACAAAAATTAAGCCATAAACGAAAGTTTGACTAAGTTATATTAATCAGGGTTGGTA
AATCTCGTGCCAGCCACCGCGGTCATACGATTAACCCAAGCTAACAGGAATACGGCGTAAAACGTGCTAA
AGCACCACATTAAATAGGGTTAAATTTTAATTAAGCTGTAAAAAGCCATGATTAAAATAAAAATAAATGA
CGAAAGTGACCCTACAACAGCCGATGCACTATAGCTAAGACCCAAACTGGGATTAGATACCCCACTATGC
TTAGCCCTAAACACAGATAATTACATAAACAAAATTATTTGCCAGAGTACTACCAGCAACAGCTTAAAAC
TCAAAGGACTTGGCGGTGCTTTATATCCCTCTAGAGGAGCCTGTTCTGTAATCGATAAACCCCGATAAAC
CTCACCAGTTCTTGCTAATACAGTCTATATACCGCCATCTTCAGCAAACCCTAAAAAGGAAAAAAAGTAA
GCACAATCATGATACATAAAAACGTTAGGTCAAGGTGTAACCTATGAAATGGAAAGAAATGGGCTACATT
CTCTACACTAAGAGAACCAATGCACGAAAGTTATTATGAAATTAGTAACCAAAGGAGGATTTAGCAGTAA
ACTAAGAGTAGAGTGCTTAGTTGAATTAGGCCATGAAGCACGCACACACCGCCCGTCACCCTCCTCAAAT
AGATTCAATGCATCTAACCTTATTTAAACGCACTAGCTATATGAGAGGAGACAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAAG
CATACTGGAAAGTGTGCTTGGATAAATCAAGATATAGCTTAAACAAAGCATCCAGTTTACACCTAGAAGA
CTTCATTCATTATGAATATCTTGAACTAAATCTAGCCCAAAAATACCCTCTTAACTAAACTACCAAAATA
AAATAAAACAAAACATTTAATCCCAATTTAAAGTATAGGAGATAGAAATCTAGAACATGGCGCTATAGAG
AAAGTACCGCAAGGGAACGATGAAAGAAAAACTAAAAGTACAAAAAAGCAAAGATTACCCCTTGTACCTT
TTGCATAATGAATTAACTAGTATAAGACTTAACAAAATGAATTTCAGCTAAGCAACCCGAAACCAGACGA
GCTACTTATAAACAGTTTATCAAGAACTAACTCATCTATGTGGCAAAATAGTGAGAAGATTTGTAAGTAG
AGGTGACATGCCTAACGAGCCTGGTGATAGCTGGTTGTCCAGGTAATGAATCTTAGTTCAGCTTTAAAGA
TACCAAAAAATTCAAATAAATCTCACTGTAACTTTAAAAGTTAGTCTAAAAAGGTACAGCCTTTTAGAAA
CGGATACAACCTTGACTAGAGAGTAAAATCTAACACTACCATAGTAGGCCTAAAAGCAGCCACCAATTGA
GAAAGCGTTAAAGCTCAACAACAAAAACTAAACAGATCCCAATAACAAGTAATTAACTCCTAGCCCCAAT
ACTGGACTAATCTATTATTGAATAGAAGTAATAATGTTAATATGAGTAACAAGAAAAACTTTCTCCTTGC
ATAAGTCTAAGTCAGTACCTGATAATACTCTGACCATTAACAGCTAATAAAAATAACCCAACAATAAACA
ATTTATTAACTATACTGTTAATCCAACACAGGAGTGCATCTAAGGAAAGATTAAAAGAAGTAAAAGGAAC
TCGGCAAACACAAACCCCGCCTGTTTACCAAAAACATCACCTCCAGCATCCCTAGTATTGGAGGCACTGC
CTGCCCAGTGACAACTGTTTAACGGCCGCGGTATCCTGACCGTGCAAAGGTAGCATAATCATTTGTTCTC
TAAATAAGGACTTGTATGAATGGCCACACGAGGGTTTTACTGTCTCTTACTTCCAATCAGTGAAATTGAC
CTTCCCGTGAAGAGGCGGGAATGCATAAATAAGACGAGAAGACCCTATGGAGCTTTAACTAACCAACCCA
AAGAAAATAAATTTAACCATTGAGGAACAACAACAATCTCCATGAGTTGGTAGTTTCGGTTGGGGTGACC
TCGGAGAATAAAAAATCCTCCGAACGATTTTAAAGACTAGACCCACAAGTCAAATCACTCTATCGCTCAT
TGATCCAAAAATTTGATCAACGGAACAAGTTACCCTAGGGATAACAGCGCAATCCTATTTAAGAGTCCAT
ATCGACAATAGGGTTTACGACCTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACATCCTGATGGTGCAACCGCTATCAAAGGTT
CGTTTGTTCAACGATTAAAGTCCTACGTGATCTGAGTTCAGACCGGAGCAATCCAGGTCGGTTTCTATCT
ATTACGTATTTCTCCCAGTACGAAAGGACAAGAGAAATAAGGCCAACTTTAAATTAAGCGCCTTAAAATA
ACTAATGACAGCGTCTCAATTAACAACACAAAACCCTGCCCTAGAACAGGGCTTAGTTAAGGTGGCAGAG
CCCGGTAATTGCGTAAAACTTAAACTTTTATACCCAGAGATTCAAATCCTCTCCTTAACAAAATGTTCAT
AATTAACATCTTAATACTTATCATTCCTATCTTATTAGCCGTAGCATTCCTCACATTAGTAGAACGAAAA
GTTCTAGGCTACATACAACTCCGAAAAGGTCCAAATGTCGTAGGCCCATATGGCCTACTCCAACCCATCG
CCGATGCAATCAAACTTTTCATCAAAGAACCATTACGACCTGCCACGTCTTCAACCTCAATATTCATCCT
AGCGCCCATTTTAGCTCTAGGCCTAGCCTTAACCATGTGAATTCCCCTACCAATACCCCATCCCCTTATT
AACATAAACCTAGGAGTCCTATTTATACTAGCAATATCAAGCCTAGCCGTGTACTCCATCCTCTGATCAG
GCTGAGCTTCCAACTCAAAATACGCACTAATCGGAGCCCTACGAGCAGTAGCACAAACAATCTCATATGA
AGTAACACTAGCAATTATCCTACTATCAGTACTCCTAATAAGTGGATCCTTTACCCTCTCCACATTAATT
ATTACACAAGAACAAACATGGCTAATCCTCCCAGCATGACCTCTAGCAATAATATGATTTATCTCAACAT
TAGCAGAAACAAACCGAGCTCCCTTTGACCTAACTGAAGGAGAATCAGAGCTAGTCTCGGGCTTCAACGT
AGAATATGCAGCAGGACCATTTGCCCTCTTCTTCATAGCAGAGTACGCAAATATCATCATAATAAACATA
TTTACAGCAATTCTATTTCTAGGGACATCCCACAACCCACATATACCAGAACTCTACACAATCAACTTTA
TCATCAAATCCCTGCTACTCACAATATTATTCCTATGAATCCGAGCATCCTATCCTCGATTCCGCTATGA
CCAACTGATACACTTACTATGAAAAAATTTCCTGCCCCTAACACTAGCCCTATGCATATGACACGTATCA
CTGCCCATCCTTACATCAGGCATCCCACCACAAACATAAGAAATATGTCTGAAAAAAGAGTTACTTTGAT
AGAGTAAATAATAGAGGTTTAAACCCTCTTATTTCTAGAATTATAGGAATTGAACCTACTCCTAAGAATC
CAAAACTCTCCGTGCTCCCAATTACACCAAATTCTATTAGTAAGGTCAGCTAATTAAGCTATCGGGCCCA
TACCCCGAAAATGTTGGTTCATACCCTTCCCGTACTAATAAACCCAATTATCTTTACCACTATTTTATTA
ACCATTATACTAGGAACCATTATTGTCATAATCAGTTCTCACTGACTACTTGTCTGAATCGGATTCGAAA
TAAATATACTCGCCATTATCCCTATCATAATAAAAAACCACAACCCACGAGCTACAGAAGCATCAACTAA
ATATTTTTTAACTCAATCAACAGCCTCAATACTACTAATAATAGCCGTCATCATTAACCTAATATTCTCA
GGCCAATGAACCGTAATAAAATTATTTAACCCAATAGCCTCTATACTTATAACAATAGCCCTAGCTATAA
AACTAGGAATAGCTCCATTTCACTTCTGAGTCCCAGAAGTAACGCAAGGCATCCCTCTATCCTCAGGCTT
AATCCTACTGACATGACAAAAACTAGCACCTATATCTGTACTTTACCAAATCTTCCCATCAATTAACCTA
AACTTAATTCTGACCCTATCAATTCTATCAATCCTAATTGGAGGCTGAGGAGGACTAAACCAAACACAAC
TCCGAAAAATCATAGCCTACTCATCAATCGCTCACATGGGCTGAATAACAGCAGTACTACCATACAACCC
TACTATAACATTACTAAACCTAATCATCTACATTACTATAACTTCCACTATATTCACCATATTTATAGCC
AATTCCACCACCACCACCCTATCATTATCACACACATGAAATAAAACACCCATTATAACCATCCTAATCC
TCGCCACTCTCCTATCCATAGGAGGACTCCCTCCCCTATCAGGGTTCATACCAAAATGAATAATCATCCA
AGAAATAACAAAAAACAATAGCATCATCCTACCTACCTTCATAGCAATCACAGCTCTACTAAACTTATAT
TTTTATATACGACTCACATATTCTACCGCACTAACAATATTCCCCTCTACAAACAACATAAAAATAAAAT
GACAATTTCCCCTTATAAAAAAAATAACCTTTCTACCAACAATAGTCGTACTATCTACTATAACACTACC
GCTCACACCGATATTATCAGTATTAGAATAGGAATTTAGGTTAAACAGACCAAGAGCCTTCAAAGCCCTA
AGCAAGTACAATTTACTTAATTCCTGATAAGGATTGCAAGACTACATCTTACATCAATTGAATGCAAATC
AACCACTTTAATTAAGCTAAATCCTCACTAGACTGGTGGGCTCCACCCCCACGAAACTTTAGTTAACAGC
TAAATACCCTAATTAATCAGGCTTCAATCTACTTCTCCCGCCGCAAGAAAAAAAAGGCGGGAGAAGCCCC
GGCAGAATTGAAGCTGCTTCTCTGAATTTGCAATTCAACGTGTAAACTCACCACAGAGCTTGGTAAAAAG
AGGGGTCAAACCTCTATCTTTAGATTTACAGTCTAATGCTTTACTCAGCCATTTTACCCATGTTCATTAA
CCGCTGACTATTCTCAACCAACCATAAAGATATCGGTACCCTTTATCTACTATTTGGAGCCTGGGCCGGT
ATAGTAGGAACAGCTCTAAGCCTTCTAATTCGCGCTGAATTAGGCCAACCCGGAACCCTGCTCGGAGACG
ACCAAATCTACAACGTAGTTGTAACCGCACACGCATTTGTAATAATCTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCAATTAT
AATTGGAGGATTCGGTAACTGACTTGTTCCTCTAATAATTGGCGCTCCCGATATGGCATTCCCCCGAATA
AACAACATAAGCTTCTGACTCCTCCCTCCCTCATTTCTACTGCTCCTCGCATCCTCTATAGTTGAAGCTG
GAGCAGGAACAGGCTGAACCGTGTACCCTCCCTTAGCAGGCAACCTAGCCCATGCAGGAGCCTCAGTAGA
TCTAACCATCTTCTCTTTACACTTAGCAGGAGTTTCCTCTATTTTAGGAGCCATCAACTTCATTACAACA
ATTATCAACATAAAGCCCCCCGCAATGTCACAGTACCAAACTCCCCTATTCGTATGATCCGTAATAATCA
CCGCCGTACTATTACTCCTCTCACTCCCTGTACTAGCAGCCGGCATTACAATGCTGCTAACAGACCGGAA
CCTAAATACAACCTTCTTCGACCCAGCAGGAGGAGGAGACCCCATTTTATACCAACACTTATTCTGATTC
TTTGGGCACCCCGAAGTCTATATTTTAATTTTACCTGGATTTGGAATAATCTCCCATATTGTAACCTACT
ACTCAGGAAAAAAAGAACCATTCGGATATATAGGAATAGTCTGAGCTATAATGTCAATCGGATTTTTAGG
TTTCATCGTATGAGCTCACCATATATTTACAGTCGGAATAGACGTCGACACACGAGCCTACTTCACATCG
GCTACTATAATTATTGCTATTCCAACCGGAGTAAAAGTTTTCAGCTGACTAGCAACACTTCATGGAGGTA
ATATCAAATGGTCTCCTGCTATAATGTGAGCCCTAGGCTTTATTTTCTTATTTACAGTAGGGGGTTTAAC
CGGAATTGTCCTAGCTAACTCTTCTCTCGATATTGTTCTTCACGATACATATTACGTTGTCGCACACTTC
CACTATGTTTTATCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGGGGGATTTGTTCATTGATTTCCACTATTCT
CAGGTTACACTCTCAATGATACATGAGCCAAAATCCACTTCGCAATTATGTTTGTAGGCGTCAATATGAC
CTTCTTCCCACAACACTTTCTAGGACTATCTGGCATGCCTCGACGATACTCCGACTATCCAGATGCATAT
ACAATATGAAATACTGTCTCATCAATGGGCTCATTCATTTCTCTAACAGCAGTCATACTAATAGTTTTCA
TCATCTGAGAAGCATTCGCATCTAAACGAGAAGTTTTAACTGTAGACCTAACCACGACAAATCTAGAATG
ATTAAACGGATGCCCTCCACCATATCACACATTTGAAGAACCCACCTATGTCAACCTAAAATAAGAAAGG
AAGGAATCGAACCCCCTACTATTGGTTTCAAGCCAACACCATAACCTCTATGTCTCTCTCAATAAACGAG
GTGTTAGTAAAACATTATATAACTTTGTCAAAGTTAAGTTACAAGTGAAAACCCTGTACGCCTCATATGG
CATATCCCATACAACTAGGCTTCCAAGATGCTACATCACCGATCATAGAAGAACTACTTCACTTTCATGA
TCACACGCTAATAATTGTCTTCTTAATTAGCTCATTAGTACTTTACATTATCTCACTAATATTAACAACA
AAACTAACTCATACAAGCACAATAGATGCACAAGAAGTAGAGACAATTTGAACCATTTTGCCCGCTATTA
TTTTAATTCTAATTGCTCTTCCTTCTTTACGAATTCTATACATAATAGATGAAATTAATAACCCATCCCT
TACGGTAAAAGCAATAGGACATCAGTGATACTGAAGCTACGAATATACAGATTATGAGGACTTAAGCTTC
GACTCCTACATAATTCCAACATCAGAATTAAAGCCAGGGGAATTACGACTATTAGAAGTCGATAATCGAG
TTGTACTGCCAATAGAAATAACAATCCGAATACTAGTCTCCTCTGAAGATGTACTACACTCATGAGCCGT
ACCTTCTCTAGGACTGAAAACAGATGCAATCCCAGGCCGTCTGAACCAAACAACCCTTATATCGACCCGT
CCAGGCCTGTATTACGGTCAATGCTCAGAAATCTGCGGATCAAACCATAGTTTTATGCCCATCGTCCTTG
AATTAGTTCCACTGAAGTATTTTGAAAAATGATCTGCGTCAATATTATAAAATCACTAAGAAGCTATATA
GCACTAACCTTTTAAGTTAGAGATTGAGAGCAGTATGCTCTCCTTGGTGACATGCCACAACTAGACACGT
CAACATGACTGACAATAATCTTATCAATATTCTTGACCCTCTTTATTATCTTTCAATTAAAAATTTCAAA
ACACAACTTTTACTACAATCCAGAACTAACATCAACAAAAATATTAAAACAAAACACCCCTTGAGAAACA
AAATGAACGAAAATTTATTTGCCTCTTTTATTACCCCTATAATTCTAGGTCTCCCCCTCGTAACTCTTAT
CGTACTATTCCCCAGCCTACTATTCCCAACATCAAATCGATTAGTGAATAATCGCTTTGTAACTCTCCAA
CAATGAATACTCCAACTTGTATCAAAACAAATAATGAGTATCCACAACCCCAAAGGACAAACATGAACAT
TAATATTAATATCTCTAATTCTATTTATTGGGTCAACAAACCTATTAGGCCTGTTACCCCATTCATTCAC
ACCAACAACACAACTATCAATAAACCTAGGCATAGCCATTCCCCTGTGAGCAGGAGCCGTAATTACAGGA
TTCCGCAATAAAACTAAAACATCACTTGCCCATTTCTTACCACAAGGAACACCAACTCCACTAATCCCAA
TACTAGTAATTATCGAAACTATCAGCCTTTTTATTCAACCTATAGCCCTCGCCGTGCGGTTAACAGCCAA
CATCACTGCAGGACATCTATTAATTCACTTAATCGGAGGGGCTACACTTGCACTAATAAGTATTAGCGCT
ACAACAGCTCTAATTACATTTATTATTCTAATCCTACTAACAATCCTAGAATTTGCAGTAGCTATAATCC
AAGCCTATGTATTCACCCTTCTAGTCAGCCTATATCTGCATGACAACACATAATGACACACCAAACTCAT
GCTTATCACATAGTAAATCCAAGCCCTTGACCCCTTACAGGAGCTCTATCCGCCCTCTTAATAACATCCG
GCTTAGCCATGTGGTTTCATTTTAACTCAACAGCTCTGTTAATAATTGGCCTAACAACAAACATACTAAC
AATATACCAATGATGACGGGATATTATTCGAGAAAGCACTTTCCAAGGGCACCATACCCCAGCTGTCCAA
AAAGGCCTCCGTTATGGAATAATCCTCTTTATTATCTCCGAAGTCCTATTCTTTACCGGATTTTTCTGAG
CATTCTACCATTCAAGCCTCGCCCCCACTCCCGAACTAGGCGGCTGCTGACCCCCAACAGGCATTCATCC
ACTAAATCCCCTAGAAGTCCCACTGCTCAACACCTCTGTCCTATTGGCCTCCGGAGTTTCTATTACCTGA
GCCCATCATAGTCTGATAGAAGGAGACCGAAACCATATATTACAAGCCCTATTTATCACCATCACATTAG
GGGTCTACTTTACACTACTACAAGCCTCAGAGTACTATGAGGCACCCTTTACTATCTCCGACGGAGTCTA
CGGCTCAACTTTTTTCGTAGCCACAGGCTTCCACGGCCTCCATGTCATCATTGGATCCACCTTCTTAATT
GTCTGCTTTTTCCGCCAACTAAAATTTCATTTCACTTCTAACCACCACTTCGGCTTTGAAGCCGCTGCCT
GATACTGACATTTCGTAGACGTAGTTTGACTTTTCCTCTATGTTTCTATCTATTGATGAGGCTCCTATTC
TTTTAGTATTAATCAGTACAGCTGACTTCCAATCAGCTAGTTTCGGTCTAGCCCGAAAAAGAATAATAAA
TCTAATACTAGCCCTCCTGACCAATTTTACACTAGCTACTCTACTTGTCATTATCGCATTCTGACTTCCC
CAACTAAATGTATATTCTGAGAAGACAAGTCCATACGAATGTGGATTCGACCCCATAGGATCAGCCCGCC
TTCCCTTCTCCATAAAATTCTTTCTAGTAGCCATTACATTCCTCTTATTTGATCTAGAAATTGCACTCCT
CTTACCACTACCATGAGCCTCACAAACAACAAACCTAAACACAATGCTTACCATAGCCCTCTTCCTAATT
ATCCTGCTAGCCGTAAGCCTAGCCTACGAATGAACTCAAAAAGGACTGGAATGAACCGAATATGGTACTT
AGTTTAAAATAAAATAAATGATTTCGACTCATTAGATTGTGATTTAATTCATAATTACCAAATGTCTATA
GTACATATAAATATTATAATAGCATTCGCAGTATCTCTTGTAGGATTACTAATATATCGATCCCACCTAA
TATCTTCCCTTCTATGCTTAGAAGGGATAATATTATCCCTATTCGTTATAGCAGCTCTAACAATCCTCAA
TTCACATTTTACATTAGCTAGCATAATACCCATTATCCTACTAGTTTTCGCAGCCTGTGAAGCAGCCCTA
GGTCTATCCCTACTAGTAATAGTATCAAATACATACGGTACTGATTACGTACAAAATCTCAACCTACTCC
AATGCTAAAATATATTATTCCAACAATTATACTTATACCCCTAACCTGAATATCAAAAGGTAATATAATC
TGAATTAACTCCACAACACACAGCCTACTAATTAGCTTCACAAGCCTTCTCCTTATAAATCAATTTGGTG
ACAATAGCCTCAATTTTTCACTAATATTTTTCTCTGACTCCCTATCTACTCCACTACTAATTTTAACCAT
ATGGCTCCTTCCCCTGATACTAATAGCTAGCCAACATCACCTATCAAAAGAAAACCTAACTCGAAAAAAA
CTATTCATTACTATACTAATTTTACTACAACTATTTCTAATCATAACCTTTACCGCTATAGAACTAATCT
TCTTTTATATCCTATTTGAAGCAACACTAGTACCAACACTTATTATTATTACCCGATGGGGAAACCAAAC
AGAACGTCTAAACGCCGGACTCTATTTCCTATTCTATACATTAGCTGGCTCCTTACCCCTACTAGTCGCA
CTAATTTATATCCAAAACATAGTAGGATCCCTAAACTTCCTAATACTCCAATATTGAGTACAACCTATGC
ATAACTCCTGATCTAATATTTTCATATGACTAGCATGTATAATAGCCTTCATAGTAAAAATACCATTATA
CGGCCTCCACCTTTGACTACCCAAAGCTCACGTAGAAGCCCCCATCGCAGGTTCTATAGTCCTTGCAGCA
ATCCTACTAAAACTAGGAGGATACGGTATGCTACGAATCACACTAATTCTAAACCCTATAACCGACTTTA
TAGCATACCCATTCATTATACTCTCCTTATGAGGCATAATCATAACCAGCTCAATCTGCCTCCGTCAAAC
GGACCTAAAATCACTCATTGCATACTCTTCTGTAAGCCACATAGCACTCGTCATTGTAGCTATCCTTATC
CAAACACCTTGAAGTTACATAGGAGCAACCGCTCTCATGATTGCCCATGGCCTCACATCCTCCATACTTT
TCTGTCTAGCAAACTCAAACTACGAACGAATCCACAGCCGAACTATAATTCTAGCTCGAGGCCTACAAAC
GCTTCTTCCACTAATAGCCACCTGATGACTACTAGCAAGTCTAACCAACCTAGCCTTACCCCCAACAATC
AACTTAATTGGAGAACTATTTGTAATAATGTCAACCTTTTCATGATCTAACATTACAATTATCCTAATAG
GAATAAATATAGTAATCACCGCCCTATACTCTCTATATATACTAATCATAACCCAACGAGGAAAGTACAC
CTATCACATTAATAATATCTCACCTTCCTTTACACGAGAAAATGCACTCATATCGCTGCACATTTTACCT
CTACTACTCTTATCCCTAAATCCAAAAATTATTCTAGGACCTCTATACTGTAAATATAGTTTAACAAAAA
CATTAGATTGTGAATCTAACAATAGAAACTCATTACCTTCTTATTTACCGAAAAAGTATGCAAGAACTGC
TAATTCTATGCTCCCATACTTAACAGTATGGCTTTTTTGAACTTTTAAAGGATAGTAGTCATCCGTTGGT
CTTAGGAACCGAAAAATTGGTGCAACTCCAAATAAAAGTAATAAACATATTCTCCTCATTCTCACTAGTT
ACTTTGCTCCTACTAACAGTACCCATTATAACAACAAGCCTTAACACCTACAAATCTTCCAACTACCCGC
TCTACGTAAAAACAACTATTTCATATGCCTTCATTACCAGCATAATTCCCACAATAATATTTATTTACTC
AGGCCAAGAACTAGTTATTTCAAACTGACACTGATTAACTATCCAAACCCTCAAACTATCTCTCAGCTTT
AAAATAGACTATTTCTCAATAATATTCGTCCCAGTAGCACTATTCGTCACATGATCTATTATAGAATTCT
CAATATGATACATACACTCAGACCCCAATATTAACAAATTCTTCAAATACTTACTCCTATTCCTCATCAC
TATAATAATCCTTGTAACCGCAAATAACCTATTCCAACTGTTCATTGGCTGAGAAGGTGTCGGAATTATA
TCATTTCTACTCATCGGATGGTGGTACGGACGAGCAGACGCAAATACAGCAGCTCTACAAGCAGTTTTAT
ATAACCGCATCGGCGACATTGGTTTTATCCTAGCAATAGCATGATTTCTAACAAACCTAAATACCTGAGA
TCTCCAACAGATCTTCATACTAGACCCAAACAACTCAAATACACCCTTGATCGGACTAGTACTAGCTGCA
ACCGGAAAATCCGCCCAATTTGGCCTCCACCCATGACTTCCCTCTGCAATAGAAGGCCCAACTCCCGTCT
CAGCACTACTTCATTCAAGCACAATGGTAGTAGCAGGTATTTTCCTACTAATCCGCTTTTACCCACTCAC
AGAAAATAATAAACACATTCAATCTATTACATTATGTCTAGGAGCCATTACCACATTATTCACAGCGATA
TGCGCTCTCACCCAAAATGACATTAAGAAAATCATCGCCTTCTCCACATCTAGTCAACTGGGCCTTATAA
TGGTAACAATTGGCATTAACCAACCCTACCTAGCATTTCTCCACATCTGCACCCACGCCTTTTTCAAAGC
TATACTATTTATATGCTCCGGTTCTATAATTCACAGCCTAAACGACGAACAAGACATCCGAAAAATAGGA
GGCCTATTTAAAGCCATACCATTCACTACAACAGCCCTCATTGTTGGCAGTCTCGCACTAACAGGAGTAC
CCTTCCTCACAGGATTTTACTCCAAAGACCTAATCATCGAAGCCGCCAACACGTCTTATACCAACGCCTG
AGCCCTTTTAATAACATTAATCGCCACCTCTTTCACAGCCATTTATAGCACCCGTATCATCTTCTTCGCA
CTCCTAGGACAACCCCGATTTTCTACCCTAATTAACATCAACGAAAACAACCCCCTCCTAATCAACTCTA
TCAAACGCTTGCTAATCGGAAGCCTCTTCGCAGGGTATATTATCTCCAACAACATTCCCCCAACAACAGT
CCCCCAAATAACTATACCCTACTATCTAAAAACAACAGCCCTAATCGTTACAATCCTAGGCTTCACCTTA
GCCCTAGAAATTAGCAACATAACTAAAAACCTAAAATTTCACTACCCCTCAAACGCCTTCAAATTCTCCA
CCTTGCTAGGATACTTCCCTACAATTATACATCGCCTAGCTCCATACATAAATCTATCAATAAGCCAAAA
ATCAGCATCCTCCCTTCTAGACCTAATCTGACTAGAAGCCATTCTACCAAAAACCATTTCACTCGCTCAA
ATAAAAGCATCTACCCTGGTTACAAACCAAAAAGGCCTAATCAAACTATATTTCCTCTCTTTCCTAATTA
CAATTCTCATTAGCATAATCCTATTTAATTTCCACGAGTAATTTCTATAATAACCACAACACCAATAAAT
AAAGACCACCCAGTTACAATAACTAATCAAGTACCATAACTGTATAAAGCTGCAATCCCTATGGCCTCCT
CACTAAAAAACCCAGAATCCCCCGTATCATAAATTACCCAATCCCCTAAACCATTAAACTCAAACACAAT
CTCCACCTCCTTATCCTTTAACACATAATAAACCATAAAAAACTCCATCAACAAGCCAGTAATAAATGCC
CCTAAAACAGCCTTATTAGAAAGTCAAATCTCAGGGTACTGTTCCGTAGCCATAGCCGTTGTATAACCAA
AAACCACCATCATACCCCCCAAATAAATTAAAAAAACCATTAACCCCAGAAAAGACCCACCAAAATTCAA
CACAATTCCACAACCAACCCCACCACTCACAATTAACCCCAACCCCCCATAAATAGGTGAAGGTTTCGAA
GAAAACCCTACGAAACCAATCACAAAGATAACACTTAAAATAAATACAATGTATAGTATCATTATTCTTA
CATGGAATCTAACCATGACCAATGATATGAAAAACCATCGTTGTCATTCAACTACAAGAACACTAATGAC
TAATATTCGAAAATCCCATCCACTAATAAAAATTGTAAACAACGCATTCATTGACCTTCCAGCTCCATCA
AACATTTCATCATGGTGAAACTTCGGCTCCCTCCTAGGAGTATGCTTAATCCTACAAATCCTCACAGGCC
TATTCCTAGCAATACACTACACATCCGATACAACAACAGCATTCTCCTCCGTTGCCCATATCTGCCGAGA
CGTGAACTACGGCTGAATTATCCGATATATACACGCAAACGGAGCTTCAATATTCTTTATCTGCTTATAT
ATACACGTAGGACGGGGCCTATATTACGGGTCTTACACCTTCCTAGAAACATGAAATATTGGAGTAATTC
TTCTACTTACAGTAATAGCTACAGCATTCATAGGATACGTACTACCATGAGGACAAATATCATTTTGAGG
GGCAACAGTCATTACCAACCTCCTATCAGCAATTCCATACATCGGCACAAATTTAGTCGAATGGATTTGA
GGTGGGTTCTCAGTAGACAAAGCAACCCTCACCCGATTCTTCGCTTTCCACTTTATCCTCCCATTTATTA
TTACAGCAATTGCCATAGTCCACCTACTATTCCTCCACGAAACAGGCTCCAACAATCCAACAGGAATCTC
CTCAGACGCAGACAAAATTCCATTTCACCCCTACTATACCATTAAAGACATCTTAGGAGCCTTATTACTA
ATTCTAGCCCTAATACTTCTGGTACTATTCACACCCGACCTCCTCGGAGACCCAGACAACTACACCCCAG
CAAATCCACTCAACACACCTCCCCACATCAAACCCGAATGATACTTCTTATTTGCATACGCAATTTTACG
ATCAATCCCCAATAAACTAGGAGGAGTGCTAGCCCTAGCTTTCTCTATCCTAATCCTTGCTCTTATTCCC
CTACTGCACACTTCCAAACAACGAAGCATAATCTTCCGACCACTCAGCCAATGCCTATTCTGAACTCTAG
TAGCAGACCTACTAACACTCACATGAATCGGAGGACAACCAGTCGAACACCCATACATTATCATTGGACA
ACTAGCATCTATTATATACTTCCTTCTCATCCTAGTACTAATACCAACAGCCGGCACAATTGAAAACAAA
CTACTAAAATGAAGACAAGTCTTTGTAGTACATCTAATACACTGGTCTTGTAAACCAGAAAAGGAGAACA
ACCAACCTCCCTAAGACTCAAGGAAGAAACTACAGTCTCACCGTCAACCCCCAAAGCTGAAGTTCTATTT
AAACTATTCCCTG


Contact: Vadim E. Fraifeld, MD, PhD

Head: Lab for the Biology of Aging, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel

Email:
How to cite us:

If you would like to cite this database please use:
Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE. MitoAge: a database for comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA, with a special focus on animal longevity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44(D1):D1262-5.